152 resultados para 480


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The application of digital holographic interferometry on the quantitative measurement of the domain inversion in a RuO2: LiNbO3 crystal wafer is presented. The recorded holograms are reconstructed by the angular spectrum method. From the reconstructed phase distribution we can clearly observe the boundary between the inverted and un-inverted domain regions. Comparisons with the results reconstructed by use of the Fresnel transform method are given. Factors that influence the measurement include the spectrum filter size and the spectrum movement are discussed. The spectrum filter size has an effect on the measurement of the details. Although the spectrum movement affects every single reconstructed image, it has no influence on the final measurement.

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利用波导型准相位匹配周期极化反转铌酸锂(PPLN)晶体直接倍频波长为976nm的连续半导体激光二极管,在最佳晶体工作温度(28℃)下,获得了波长为488nm的连续蓝光输出,最大输出功率大于20mW。所用的晶体尺寸为8mm×1.4mm×1mm,波导截面为4.5μm×3.5μm,极化周期为5.2μm。研究了波导型周期极化反转铌酸锂晶体的倍频效率与温度的关系,与普通的周期极化反转铌酸锂相比,倍频效率与温度关系的敏感度较低。同时,由于晶体可以在室温下工作,简化了加温与温控部件,提高了整机的工作效率。在此实验的基础

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利用5m长的D型双包层掺Yb^3+光纤,采用声光调制锁模信号系统,实验上成功研制出输出320MHz的高重复频率脉冲列的光纤放大器,得到了20dB的增益输出,输出激光波长1064nm,输出平均功率1.02W,该光纤放大器可作为空间激光通信系统发射源。整个实验系统装置由作为信号源的特高重频脉冲列激光器、作为放大环节的光纤放大器和绿光倍频三个部分组成,另外对光纤放大器自激振荡谱线的各影响因素做了一些相关的实验研究,并对结果进行了分析讨论,提出了改进措施。

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In a three-components fluorophosphate glass system, the introduction of H3BO3 brings some valuable influence to the spectroscopic and thermal properties of the glasses. With H3BO3 increases from 2 to 20mol%, ohm(6), S-ed4113/2, FWHM, T-g and fluorescence lifetime change from 3.21 x 10(-20) cm(2), 1.77 x 10(-20) cm(2), 45 nm, 480 degrees C and 8.8 ms to 4.66 x 10(-20) cm(2), 2.11 x 10(-20) cm(2), 50 nm, 541 degrees C and 7.4 ms, respectively. sigma(abs), sigma(emi), FWHM x tau(f) x sigma(emi) has a maximum when H-3 BO3 is 11 mol%. T-g and T-x-T-g increases with H3BO3 introduction. Results showed that in fluorophosphate glasses, proper amount of B2O3 can be used as a modifier to suppress upconversion and improve spectroscopic properties, broadband property and crystallization stability of the glasses while keeps the fluorescence lifetime relatively high. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The up-conversion properties of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics under 980 nm excitation were investigated. Intense blue up-conversion luminescence due to the Tm3+: (1)G(4) -> H-3(6) transition was observed in the glass-ceramics. The intensity of the blue up-conversion luminescence in a 1 mol% YbF3-containing glass-ceramic was found to be about 40 times stronger than that in the precursor oxyfluoride glass. The up-conversion mechanism is proposed. The reason for the intense Tm3+ up-conversion luminescence in the oxyfluoride glass-ceramics and the concentrations dependence of upconversion luminescence are also discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Color centers and impurity defects of Ce:YAG crystals grown in reduction atmosphere by temperature gradient techniques have been investigated by means of gamma irradiation and thermal treatments. Four absorption bands associated with color centers or impurity defects at 235, 255, 294 and 370 nm were observed in as-grown crystals. Changes in optical intensity of the 235 and 370 nm bands after gamma irradiation indicate that they are associated with F+-type color center. Charge state change processes of Fe3+ impurity and Ce3+ ions take place in the irradiation process. The variations of Ce3+ ions concentration clearly indicate that Ce4+ ions exist in Ce:YAG crystals and gamma irradiations could increase the concentration of Ce3+ ions. Annealing treatments and the changes in optical density suggest that a heterovalent impurity ion associated with the 294 nm band seems to be present in the crystals. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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YAlO3 (YAP) crystals with different Yb3+ concentration have been grown by Czochralski method and cooperative fluorescence of Yb3+ ions in YAP crystal was studied under 940-nm infrared (IR) LD excitation at room temperature. The Yb concentration dependence of absorption intensity of IR and charge transfer bands exhibit different features. The green emission band in the region of 480-520nm was assigned to the cooperative deexcitation of two Yb3+ ions. The remaining upconverted emission bands containing various sharp peaks associated with impurity ions were observed and discussed. Charge transfer luminescence of heavily doped 20at% Yb:YAP is strongly temperature dependent and no concentration quenching of the charge transfer luminescence was found through the investigation of different Yb levels samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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测量了End-Hall离子源在不同条件下的离子束流密度,在不同离子束流密度下进行了心离子辅助沉积ZrO2薄膜的实验,研究了离子束流密度对薄膜折射率、晶相的影响.根据动量传递模型分析了离子束流密度对薄膜折射率的作用;根据热尖峰理论证明了一定条件下离子束流密度不会影响薄膜晶体结构。

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采用位置指数、分异指数、结构复杂性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及Ripley的K-方程,探讨了华南海岸英罗港红树植物木榄种群的分布格局、胸围和树高分异以及冠层结构方面的空间异质性。结果表明,多数木榄种群呈现随机分布,其个体胸围和树高的分异程度较低;而少数木榄种群呈现集群分布,其个体胸围和树高的分异程度明显。采用地理信息系统对木榄种群冠层和空隙斑块进行多种水平和垂直尺度的分析,冠层与空隙斑块之间的镶嵌格局因种群而异,这种格局可基于树冠投影用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数进行定量描述。冠层结构的空问异质性随空间尺度而变化,但这种变化在一定尺度范围内保持相对的稳定。这一尺度范围可作为木榄红树林更新或生态管理单位的参考尺度。 采用多重分形理论和方法对华南海岸北海红树林区红树植物白骨壤幼苗种群的分布格局进行了分析。结果表明,白骨壤幼苗种群的分布格局具有多标量和多重分形行为。随着q值由-2增加到4,Dq值介于1.078-1.997,f(a)值介于0.402-1.678,a(q)值介于0.909-2.480。多重分形的参数值与幼苗种群的集聚强度密切相关。差值(D。-D1)和[f(-1) –D]。是度量格局空间异质性程度的有效指数。海洋水文周期性规律、不同面积大小的裸地、树冠的阻拦作用等是制约白骨壤幼苗种群多重分形格局形成的主要因子。 采用地统计学理论和方法,对北京东灵山落叶松和胡桃楸针阔混交林下的克隆植物绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群的统计变量和土壤变量的空间格局进行了分析和比较。结果表明,绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群各器官生物量以及分株数和叶数的空间格局具有较高程度的异质性。总生物量以及茎、叶和根生物量的半方差函数曲线为指数模型,叶柄生物量、分株数和叶数的为球状模型,叶片生物量的为线性无基台值模型,而匍匐茎生物量的为纯块金效应模型。除叶片和匍匐茎的生物量外,其它器官生物量以及分株数和叶数由空间自相关引起的空间异质性.SHA主要表现在120-3 50cm的尺度范围内,SHA占总空间异质性的比例在50%以上。生境中,各种土壤变量的空间格局也具有较高程度的异质性。土壤含水量、NO3-、NH4+、有机质、全磷和PO4(3-)的半方差函数曲线为球状模型,而全氮、K+和pH的为指数模型。土壤变量由空间自相关引起的空间异质性SHA主要表现在8-lOOcm的尺度范围内,SHA占总空间异质性的比例在68%以上。绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群空间格局的自相关尺度显著大于其生境中土壤变量空间格局的自相关尺度,表明绢毛匍匐委陵菜通过匍匐茎相互联结的克隆分株种群对异质性土壤资源表现出较大的缓冲能力。绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株数的空间格局与土壤的含水量和全氮空间格局之间在几乎所有尺度上的相关性都不显著,但与其它土壤变量空间格局之间都存在不同程度的相关性,其中与NH4+、pH、PO4(3-)和全磷空间格局之间的相关性尺度范围较为明显和较大。通过分株数、叶数和生物量分配的可塑性变化,绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群的空间格局与土壤资源的空间格局之间产生相互联系,并随空间尺度的变化会发生改变。

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全球变化背景下人类生存环境及社会经济的可持续发展要求,使得水循环和碳循环成为科学研究的关注点。湿地与森林、海洋并称为全球三大生态系统,与生态平衡、人类生存和经济社会可持续发展息息相关,特别是湿地的碳汇功能使得其在全球碳循环中具有重要作用。我国湿地面积占亚洲第一位,世界第四位,占世界湿地面积的11.9% 。但是,与森林、草地与农田等生态系统相比,湿地水碳循环控制机制研究的甚少,制约着湿地生态系统的水碳管理。 本论文基于2005~2007 年盘锦芦苇湿地生态系统野外观测站的涡度相关系统的水碳通量和气象环境因子的连续观测数据,结合芦苇湿地生态系统的生物学调查资料,较系统地分析了芦苇湿地生态系统水汽通量和碳通量的动态特征,探讨了不同时间尺度芦苇湿地生态系统水汽通量和碳通量的环境控制机制。主要结论如下: (1)芦苇湿地生态系统蒸散的日、季变化显著。2005~2007 年盘锦芦苇湿地生态系统的年蒸散量分别为432、480 和445 mm。非生长季(11 月~次年4 月)对全年蒸散量的贡献约13~16%,表明在湿地蒸散年总量的估算中不能忽略非生长季的贡献。 (2)关于动力作用和热力作用对芦苇湿地蒸散的贡献表明,能量是驱动芦苇湿地蒸散的重要因素,在小时至月尺度上均起着主导作用;时间尺度越长,能量因子对蒸散变异的解释率越大。仅温度就能解释蒸散月总量变异的95%左右。但是,随着时间尺度的降低,水分条件如饱和水汽压差、相对湿度,对芦苇湿地蒸散的作用逐渐显现。降雨和蒸散的变化虽然没有统计上的相关性,但短时段的降雨可能导致雨后蒸散增强,而持续多天的阴雨天气却能导致蒸散量连续下降。 (3)基于芦苇湿地生态系统作物系数(kc)具有显著日间变异的事实,发展了耦合气温、相对湿度和净辐射影响的芦苇湿地日作物系数模型,弥补了国际粮农组织建议的蒸发散估算模型FAO56 缺乏适宜湿地作物系数的不足。 (4)芦苇湿地生态系统呼吸呈单峰型季节变化,2005~2007 年生态系统呼吸的年总量分别为834、894 和872 g C m-2 yr-1,非生长季芦苇湿地的生态系统呼吸碳排放量为102~136 g C m-2 season-1,占全年生态系统呼吸总量的12~16%。这说明,非生长季湿地生态系统的碳排放通量不可忽视。温度是小时至月尺度的生态系统呼吸控制因子;同时,生物因素也对芦苇湿地生态系统呼吸有显著影响。生态系统呼吸对温度的响应呈指数函数关系,二者间的响应受土壤水分的影响。当表层土壤含水量(5 cm) 为20~25%时,芦苇湿地生态系统呼吸的潜力(Reco,10)最大。生态系统呼吸的日值与地上生物量、叶面积指数呈对数正相关,而与冠层高度呈显著二次曲线关系。生态系统呼吸的年际差异并不是由温度变化引起,而与植被生长状况密切相关。 (5)芦苇湿地生态系统的净碳交换季节变化明显,变化范围在-12.9~4.2 g C m-2 day-1 之间。一般在5~9 月表现为大气CO2 的汇,其余月份为碳源。其中,净碳吸收最大的月份为6、7 月,而净碳排放最大的月份为4、10 月。2005~2007 年的年碳收支分别为-55、-230 和-53 g C m-2 yr-1,呈碳汇。 (6)不同时间尺度的净碳交换控制因子不同。小时尺度上,影响芦苇湿地生态系统净碳交换的环境因子主要是光合有效辐射(PAR) 。芦苇湿地生态系统光合作用的光响应参数(α、Amax 和Reco)随温度指数上升,而与叶面积指数呈线性正相关。光响应参数的这种显著季节波动表明,在生态系统碳循环模型中不应该将生态系统的光合作用参数视为常数,应该考虑采用光响应参数与环境和生物因子间的定量关系来反映光合作用光响应参数动态。日尺度上,温度是芦苇湿地碳交换的主要控制因子,湿地净碳交换在15℃左右由正值变为负值,芦苇湿地由碳源变为碳汇。除温度外,饱和水汽压差对日尺度净碳交换波动也有影响,二者呈二次曲线关系(U 型),当饱和水汽压差在0.8 kPa 附近时,芦苇湿地净碳吸收达到最大。月尺度上,影响芦苇湿地净碳交换的主要环境因子依然是温度,二者间表现出“非对称响应”特征。 (7)对芦苇湿地碳交换各组分间的关系分析表明,芦苇湿地生态系统呼吸和净碳交换均受总光合生产力的显著影响,即通过光合作用产物来源控制。

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TSV-DM, a basic metalloproteinase with a molecular weight of 110 kDa, was purified from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom. TSV-DM degraded the A alpha chain of fibrinogen more rapidly than the B beta chain in a dose dependent manner. The cDNA of TSV-DM encode

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The taxomic classification and phylogenetic relationships within the bear family remain argumentative subjects in recent years. Prior investigation has been concentrated on the application of different mitochondrial (mt) sequence data, herein we employ tw