34 resultados para 3G
Resumo:
土壤有机碳是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,土壤碳库是陆地生态系统最大的碳库。在一定时间内土壤有机碳含量通常代表了植物碳输入和微生物分解之间的相对量的大小。土壤活性有机碳是土壤有机碳的一部分,土壤活性有机碳是土壤有机碳中周转速率最快的。土壤活性有机碳可以用微生物碳和水溶性有机碳等指标进行表征,它们可以较早指示土壤质量的变化。植物通过根系分泌和周转向土壤输入碳,而有关树木细根分解对土壤活性有机碳影响的文献很少。细根是植物凋落物的一部分,在物质循环中起到重要作用。 本文采用实验室培养方法,以桤木(Alnus cremastogyne)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和火力楠(Michelia macclurei)细根为材料研究了不同树种细根、不同添加量细根以及不同培养温度对土壤活性有机碳的影响,以揭示人工林细根对土壤有机碳的影响。 第3章研究结果表明,培养结束后CO2-C累积释放量依次为:火力楠细根处理>桤木细根处理>杉木细根处理,添加细根的处理土壤微生物碳和水溶性有机碳含量均显著高于对照,而土壤全碳含量只在添加火力楠细根处理下显著高于对照,结果表明细根可以在短时间内提高土壤活性有机碳的含量。 第4章研究了不同细根量对土壤活性有机碳的影响,结果表明同一树种细根不同添加量对土壤全碳的影响程度不同,土壤全碳随着细根添加量的增加而显著增加。各树种均以添加2.0g细根处理的土壤微生物碳含量最高。各树种细根不同添加量的处理对土壤水溶性有机体碳的影响均不显著。培养结束时土壤硫酸钾浸提溶解性有机碳含量变化不大,只有杉木细根0.6g处理土壤硫酸钾浸提有机碳含量显著高于0.3g处理,其他处理间差异不显著。 第5章研究了不同温度对土壤活性有机碳的影响,结果表明温度显著影响细根的分解速率,温度对土壤微生物碳没有产生显著影响,而对土壤可溶性有机碳含量的影响达到了显著水平。
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本文根据我们实验室建立的发酵产物中辅酶Q10定性定量检测方法,筛选得到一株可以代谢产生较多辅酶Q10的野生菌株放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)。 为了提高放射形土壤杆菌的辅酶Q10的产量,本实验利用液体培养研究了单因素对菌株辅酶Q10产量的影响,并用正交法确定了最佳液态发酵条件。最佳发酵培养基是:葡萄糖20g,蔗糖40g, 硫酸铵10g,玉米浆30g, 酵母膏3g,K2HPO4 3g,MgSO4.7H2O 1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.0-7.2。最佳发酵条件是:转接斜面菌种到种子培养基, 转速220r/min、温度28。C培养24h后,转入发酵培养基(250mL三角拼装液量为50mL,pH 7.0), 接种量为10%,转速220r/min、温度28。C,培养120h。在此条件下,菌体湿重约为50g/L,辅酶Q10含量约为20mg/L。 本文以放射形土壤杆菌为出发菌株进行诱变育种,以期获得辅酶Q10高产菌。根据微生物育种原理、参照辅酶Q10的代谢调控机制,以野生型放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)为出发菌株,采用紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变技术,依次筛选得到菌体提取物M抗性菌ARM-7、烟草提取物T抗性菌株ARMT-26、Vk3抗性菌株ARMTV-25、链霉素抗性菌株ARMTVS-32,菌株ARMTVS-32产量达到了36.8mg/L,与原始出发菌株相比,产量提高了77%。 研究了茄尼醇、对羟基苯甲酸、橘子皮提取物D、胡萝卜提取物E、烟草提取物对ARMTVS-32合成辅酶Q10的影响,结果表明这些物质对菌体合成辅酶Q10有一定促进作用,添加0.2g/L茄尼醇时,辅酶Q10含量提高了17%,达到了40.7mg/L;添加1.2g/L橘子皮提取物D时,辅酶Q10含量提高了13.8%,达到了39.6mg/L;添加0.5g/L胡萝卜提取物E时,辅酶Q10含量提高了25.3% ,达到了43.6mg/L;添加8g/L烟草提取物时,辅酶Q10含量提高了12.6%,达到了39.2mg/L。 Production of Coenzyme- Q10 (CoQ10) by fermentation is considered as a process with broad prospects.Quantitative Analysis of CoQ10 in the culture of microbe by TLC—UV spectrophotometry was developed, by using this method we got the strain Agrobacterium radiobacter,which was isolated from forest soil of southwest of China. The effect of the single factor on CoQ10-production ability of the strain was examined by liquid cultured, and its best optimum cultivation conditions were established by orthogonal method. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were as following: carbon sources glucose 20g/L,sucrose 40g/L; nitrongen sources (NH4)2SO4 10g/L,maize liquid 30g/L;yeast extract 3g; K2HPO4 3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1g/L; initial pH was 7 and volume of medium(medium volume vs flask volume) was 50mL/500mL, incubating for 120h on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm and 28℃.Under these conditions, the biomass and CoQ10 concentration reached 50g/L and 20mg/L respectively. According to the biosynthesis mechanism of CoQ10 and breeding theory, CoQ10 over-production strains were screened by UV--NTG. mutation using Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50 as parent strain. A microbe-juice resistant mutant ARMTVS-32, which also could resist tobacco-juice, VK3 and streptomycin, was screened out from an agar plate. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 36.8mg/L, which was 77% higher than the initial strain. In addition, We discussed the effects of some organic substrates on the synthesis of CoQ10 in ARMTVS-32. The results showed that solanesol, orange juice D, carrot juice E and tobacco juice could promote the CoQ10 accumulation in the cells. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 40.7mg/L when added 0.2g/L solanesol,it reached 39.6mg/L when added 1.2g/L orange juice D,it reached 43.6mg/L when added 0.5g/L carrot juice E. it reached 39.2mg/L when added 8g/L tobacco juice.
Resumo:
本论文以红薯淀粉的双酶法水解液为碳源,从19 株红色酵母中筛选出一株油脂含量较高的菌株掷孢酵母(Sporobolomyces reseus)As.2.618。为了提高掷孢酵母(S.reseus)As.2.618 的油脂产量,考察了培养基组成对该菌生长情况及油脂积累的影响。用均匀设计法对培养基组成进行了优化,由DPS软件得出的优化结果为:还原糖103g/L、酵母粉11.5g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.3g/L、硫酸镁0.15g/L。生物量可达19.23 g/L,油脂含量为3.875 g/L。研究了添加二价离子对该菌的生长及油脂积累的影响,结果表明Zn2+对该菌生长和油脂积累都有显著促进作用。研究了发酵条件以及添加氧载体正十二烷对该菌发酵的影响,表明添加正十二烷有利用于该菌生长与油脂积累。得出最佳发酵条件是:在还原糖103g/L、酵母粉11.5g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.3g/L、硫酸镁0.15g/L。添加30mg/L 硫酸锌,接种量为5%,在24h 后添加2g/L 的碳酸钙和2%(v/v)正十二烷,pH6.0 培养温度为27℃,转速为200r/min,培养时间为7 天的条件下,该菌生物量干重可达35.05g/L,油脂含量也达11.98g/L。Lipid is one of the basic material for life-sustaining activities andimportant industrial materials. As lipid resources mainly come from the animal andthe plant, the problem of lipid lack is encountered at times. The lipid frommicroorganisms is the substitute and superior to the above lipid with a short period ofproduction and much cheaper fermentation materials such as agricultural and sidelineproducts or wastes of crop.Thus large scale production and broad application ofmicrobial lipid will be efficient not only in substitute of the animal and the plant lipidfor food and industrial field , but also inducing a new way leading to solve the energyproblem.For the purpose of exploring the characteristics of lipid production of redyeasts from sweet potato starch hydrolysates. 19 red yeasts are screened for thecapability of lipid producing and one strain Sporobolomyces reseus As.2.618 withsuperior performance is sellected.To improve the Sporobolomyces reseus As.2.618’s capability of lipidaccumulation , the components of the medium, which may influence the growth of thestrain and the lipid yield have been studied. To get the optimum mediumcomponents ,the “uniform design” was used .The DPS software gave the optimummedium component is: reducing sugar 103 g/L、yeast extract 11.5 g/L、KH2PO4 0.3g/L、MgSO4 0.15 g/L. The biomass could reach up to 19.23 g/L and lipid yield 3.87g/L with the above composition of fermentation medium.Furthermore the fermentation conditions , addition of the divalent metal ionsand the oxygen vector to increase the strain’s lipid producing capability are tested.The optimum condition is : reducing sugar 103 g/L、yeast extract 11.5 g/L、KH2PO40.3 g/L、MgSO4 0.15 g/L,Adding 30mg/L ZnSO4,and adding 2g/L CaCO3 2%(v/v)n-dodecane after 24h’s fermentation. the optimal fermentation condition were asfollow :30ml medium in the 500ml flask with initial pH 6.0,the flasks with 5%inoculation volume were at 200r/min shaking speed for 7d’s fermentation at27 .Under this kind of condition the high biom ¡æ ass which reach to 35.05 g/L could begot ,the yield of lipid also could reach to 11.98g/L.
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利用重离子和紫外线辐照诱变相结合的方法对兽疫链球菌CVCC1917进行了诱变处理,获得1株高产透明质酸菌株H-7。结果表明,该突变株产透明质酸(HA)能力提高了3倍多,产率稳定为1.8g/L~2.3g/L。
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为了选育出适合发酵甜高粱汁来生产酒精的酵母菌株,本论文以酒精酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae YY为材料,利用兰州近代物理研究所重离子研究装置(HIRFL)产生的100MeV/u碳离子束对酒精酵母进行了辐照诱变。采用红四氮唑(TTC)作为筛选指示剂,初筛得到了5株产酒能力有所提高的突变酵母菌。通过甜高粱汁发酵,测定发酵液中酒精含量和残糖,复筛出产酒精能力比出发菌株有明显提高的诱变菌株T4。并对其发酵条件进行了优化,以期获得的结果能够为甜高粱汁工业化生产酒精提供参考数据。通过本论文的研究,得到以下初步结果: 1. 在甜高粱汁培养基中,酒精酵母YY的对数生长期在8-20h之间,此时菌体的生长繁殖比较旺盛,活力最佳,为辐照诱变的最佳时期。辐照后,菌体的存活率随辐照剂量的增加呈现出逐渐衰减的趋势。 2. 红四氮唑TTC是一种无色显色指示剂,活菌中所含的脱氢酶可将它还原成红色,因此可以根据菌落呈色的深浅判断酵母菌产酒精能力的高低,从而挑选出产酒能力较高的菌株。本试验用TTC双层培养基法初步筛选出了利用甜高粱汁发酵生产酒精能力较强的T4酵母菌株。 3. 对影响T4菌发酵甜高粱汁生产酒精的几个主要因素(甜高粱汁糖度、接种量、温度、pH、无机盐)进行了初步探讨研究,得出了T4菌发酵甜高粱汁生产酒精的最适条件为:甜高粱汁糖度22%,接种量10%,温度30oC,pH 4.5 ,无机盐加入量为:(NH4)2SO4 1g/L,KH2PO4 5g/L,MgSO4 3g/L。 4. 对发酵条件进行优化后的中试结果显示:出发菌株YY发酵甜高粱汁的时间为36h,酒精产量为8.6% (V/V) ,而T4突变菌甜高粱汁发酵液中的最终酒精含量可以达到9.8%,发酵时间仅为24h。因此,T4菌在工业应用中很有前景
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高剂量电离辐射对健康造成危害,这一点是比较肯定的,而目前人们更关心的是低剂量辐射的健康风险问题。由于缺乏直接的研究数据,低剂量辐射的效应最初是根据线性无闰(LNT)假说推测出来的,推测结果认为任何程度的辐射,无论剂量有多小,对健康都是有害的。但是,LNT假说从提出之日起就受到质疑。近20年的大量实验研究揭示,低剂量辐射可诱导机体和细胞的兴奋效应,低剂量辐射使细胞恶性转化或人群癌症发生率下降,低剂量辐射预先作用减轻继后高剂量照射所造成的有害效应。目前,人们已尝试性地将低剂量辐射效应应用于肿瘤的治疗。本工作以60C0Y射线(0.3oG到min)对肿瘤细胞进行不同的照射:A,假照射,B,scGy照射,c,scGy照射后4h或8h再以3Gy照射,D,3Gy照射。照射后测定细胞周期和克隆存活率。分析了scGyY射线对不同肿瘤细胞细胞周期的影响,scGyY射线诱导的克隆存活适应性反应与细胞周期阻滞适应性反应之间的相关性。最后讨论了本研究结果在肿瘤放射治疗中的潜在应用。本工作结果总结如下:1,scGy丫射线引起hepGZ、HeLa、sMMc-7721和Ho-8910细胞在GZ脑期发生短暂延迟(大致到辐射后4小时),说明细胞周期检查点对损伤非常敏感,很低剂量的辐射即可使之激活。在经过短暂的延迟之后,hePGZ细胞的生长明显加快,照射后24h和48h的相对细胞数分别是对照的124%和216%。结果表明scGy7射线能促进hePGZ细胞的生长。2.3Gyy射线照射后,hepGZ、sMMc-7721和Ho-8910细胞的GZ/M期细胞明显累积,并在照射后12h达到最大值,S期细胞在辐射后6h有一显著累积,此后下降至对照水平。3Gγ照射后的18h内,HeL。细胞的GZ/M期细胞和S期细胞均明显累积。结果表明,3Gyγ射线照射后,hePGZ、sMMc-7721和HO-8910细胞发生GZ/M阻滞,S期短暂延迟,而HeLa细胞的GZ/M期和S期均发生较长时间的延迟,说明HeLa细胞的辐射敏感性和其他三种细胞不一样。这一结果对肿瘤的放射治疗有参考价值。3.在3GyY射线照射之前4h预先照射scGy可使hePGZ和L02细胞在GZ/M期进一步累积,而对HeLa细胞的周期分布没有明显影响,这一结果也说明HeLa细胞的辐射敏感性与其他细胞有差异。4.在3Gyγ射线照射之前8h预先照射scGy可以促进hePGZ细胞通过GZ/M期阻滞。无论两次辐射之间的间隔为4h还是8h,预照射均可诱导hePGZ细胞克降存活适应性反应。这些结果表明,克隆存活适应性反应和细胞周期阻滞适应性反应不是同步出现的,说明克隆存活适应性反应的产生可能并不一定需要细胞从阻滞状态中的恢复,因此,推测这两个方面的适应性反应有一定联系但没有必然相关性。
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用8种杉木伴生植物及杉木的茎和叶不同浓度水平(水平Ⅰ为166.7g/kg,水平Ⅱ83.3g/kg,水平Ⅲ41.7g/kg·水平Ⅳ20.8g/kg)的水浸液浇灌盆栽杉本幼苗,连续观测6年结果表明8种植物水浸液浇灌后杉木高度与地径比对照Ⅰ(浇灌杉木自身水浸液)和对照Ⅱ(仅浇灌清水)均有不同程度提高。不同浓度水浸液对杉木高度和地径的促进作用依次为水平Ⅰ>水平Ⅱ>水平Ⅲ>水平Ⅳ>对照Ⅱ,不同植物水浸液对杉木株高的促进作用则为木荷>檵木>椤木石楠>狗脊>丝粟栲>赤楠>马尾松>芒萁>杉木(对照Ⅰ)
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辽东山区的林业和牧业一直是既互相依存又互相矛盾的两个行业 ,混牧林业的提出为解决这一问题提供了科学的依据。通过4年时间的定位观测及调查研究 ,对辽宁省混牧林业的现状 ,存在问题以及发展趋势等进行了系统研究 ,针对该区域森林生态环境的基本特征 ,制定出科学、简明、具有可操作性的林牧结合阈值 :(1)幼林林分伤害指数临界阈值不能高于50;(2)截取利用牧草生物量(地上部分)50%为最佳值 ;(3)选择混牧林的坡度应小于30度 ,A层土容重不应大于1.3g。
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A series of salicylaldimine-based neutral Ni(II) complexes (3a-j) [ArN = CH(C6H40)]Ni(PPh3)Ph [3a,Ar = C6H5; 3b,Ar = C6H4F(o); 3c, Ar = C6H4F(m); 3d, Ar = C6H4F(p); 3e, Ar = C6H3F2(2,4); 3f, Ar = C6H3F2(2,5); 3g, Ar = C6H3F2(2,6); 3h, Ar = C6H3F2(3,5); 3i, Ar = C6H2F3(3,4,5); 3j, Ar = C6H5] have been synthesized in good yield, and the structures of complexes 3a and 3i have been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Using modified methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst, these neutral Ni(II) complexes exhibited high catalytic activities for the vinylic polymerization of norbornene.
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A series of (alpha-diimine)nickel(II) complexes [ArN = C(Nap)C = NAr]NiBr2 (Nap = 1,8-naphthdiyl, Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3, 3a; Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2 3b; Ar = 2,6-Me-2-4-tBuC(6)H(2), 3c; Ar 2,6-Me-2-4-BrC6H2, 3d; Ar = 2,6-Me-2-4-ClC6H2, 3e; Ar 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3), 3f; Ar = 2,4,6-iPr(3)C(6)H(2), 3g; Ar = 2,6-iPr-4-BrC6H2, 3h) have been synthesized, characterized, and investigated as precatalysts for ethylene polymerization in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO).
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A series of new titanium complexes bearing two regioisomeric trifluoromethyl-containing enaminoketonato ligands (3a-h and 6a-h), [PhN=CRCHC(CF3)O](2)TiCl2 (3a, R = Me; 3b, R = n-C5H11; 3c, R = i-Pr; 3d, R = Cy; 3e, R = t-Bu; 3f, R = CH=CHPh; 3g, R = Et; 3h, R = n-C11H23) and [PhN=C(CF3)CHC(R)O](2)TiCl2 (6a, R = Ph; 6b, R = n-C5H11; 6c, R = i-Pr; 6d, R = Cy; 6e, R = t-Bu; 6f, R = CH=CHPh; 6g, R = CHPh2; 6h, R = CF3) have been synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystal structures analyses suggest that complexes 3c-e and 6c-d all adopt a distorted octahedral geometry around the titanium center. Complexes 3c, 3d and 6c display a cis-configuration of the two chlorine atoms around the titanium center, while complex 6d shows a trans-configuration of the two chlorine atoms. Especially, the configurational isomers (cis and trans) of complex 3e were identified both in solution and in the solid state by NMR and X-ray analyses. With modified methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst, all the complexes are active towards ethylene polymerization, and produce high molecular weight polymers.
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本研究以时间分辨激发荧光光谱分析技术为基础 ,进行稀土离子标记的激光激发的时间分辨荧光免疫分析 (TRFIA)研究。实验以自行合成的二乙三胺五醋酸酐 (DTPAA)为双功能螯合剂。用 Eu3+标记兔抗人 (RAH) Ig G抗体 ,依据解离增强原理 (DEL FIA) ,研究了 Eu3+ -β萘甲酰三氟丙酮 (β- NTA)的荧光分辨体系 ,测定了荧光光谱和荧光寿命 ,建立了铕离子分析检出方法 ,其工作曲线范围为 1× 10 - 7~ 1× 10 - 1 1g· m L- 1 ,检测限为 1× 10 - 1 3g· m L- 1 ,相对标准偏差为 6 .4%。结合 TRFIA方法学研究 ,进行了人血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体 (Anti- HCV)检测。并同酶联免疫法 (EL ISA)对比。取得 TRFIA法阳性检测率明显高于EL ISA法的结果。
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Two new sesquiterpenes, 15-hydroxy-T-muurolol (3d) and 11,15-dihydroxy-T-muurolol (3e), along with the plant cadinenes T-muurolol (3f) and 3 alpha-hydroxy-T-muurolol (3g), were isolated from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. M491. Their absolute configuration was established via NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of 3-oxo-T-muurolol (3a), which was reisolated from this strain. In addition, the absolute configuration of further sesquiterpenes previously reported from this strain was revised. These products were tested for their cytotoxicity against 37 human tumor cell lines using the MTT method. Only 3d was cytotoxic against a range of human tumor cell lines with a mean IC50 of 6.7 mu g/mL.
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以青海省果洛州藏族自治州甘德县青珍乡高山嵩草Kobresia pygmaea草甸轻度退化草地和重度退化草地为研究对象,通过植物地上部分主要功能群(禾草类、杂类草、莎草类)、植物根系和土壤碳、氮浓度及储量动态研究,结果表明:高寒小嵩草草甸轻度退化草地地上部分主要功能群碳、氮浓度和C∶N比值明显高于重度退化草地的浓度。同一草地类型主要功能群比较,碳、氮浓度依次为杂类草〉禾草类〉莎草类;植物地上部分的碳、氮浓度明显高于地下根系的碳、氮浓度。重度退化草地植物根系碳、氮浓度高于轻度退化草地植物根系碳、氮浓度。重度退化草地土壤总有机碳浓度显著低于轻度退化草地土壤总有机碳浓度,随着土层的加深碳、氮浓度有减少的趋势。江河源区高山嵩草草甸的土壤有机碳、氮储量最大,植物根系碳、氮储量居中,植物地上部分碳、氮储量最小。重度退化草地总有机碳储量(13554.3g/m~2)较轻度退化草地储量(14669.2g/m~2)下降7.60%。其中,0-40cm土壤层碳储量下降4.10%,植物根系碳储量下降59.97%,植物地上部分碳储量下降15.39%;重度退化草地总氮储量(3780.6g/m~2)较轻度退化草地储量(3352.7g/m~2)高12.76%,其中,0-40cm土壤中总氮储量高13.07%,植物根系全氮储量下降55.09%,植物地上部分全氮下降16.00%。由于草地退化损失有机碳11149kg/hm~2,而全氮增加4278kg/hm~2。
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采用样方调查与挖掘相结合的方法,以金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛多年累积枝干、地下生物量和当年新生枝叶量及6-9月冠面长度、宽度和高度为参数进行线性回归分析,结合金露梅灌丛与草本植物在样地所占比例,估算其年净初级生产量及年净固碳量。结果表明:2004年金露梅灌丛地下实际周转量为53.7g/m^2,周转率为26%;当年新生枝叶量为41.0g/m^2,年净初级生产量94.7g/m^2;以草本植物与金露梅灌丛在样地所占比例为60%和40%进行估算,2004年金露梅灌丛草甸总净初级生产量为858.3g/m^2,固碳量481.9g/m^2。