129 resultados para 398
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普通野生稻是热带、亚热带分布种。在我国主要分布于南方几个省区。普通野生稻与栽培稻同属AA型染色体组,与栽培稻亲缘关系最近,可能是栽培稻的祖先种。从农学和育种学角度对普通野生稻开展了不少研究工作。但对其胚胎学方面的工作,似乎无人涉及。本文针对这一情况而展开工作,主要结果如下: 1.花药还处在造孢时期,花药壁层由4-5层细胞组成,而且被胞间连丝联结,其造孢细胞间存在胞间连丝和胞质通道. 2.小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,其胞质分裂是连续型,小孢子呈左右对称排列。在小孢子和花粉粒发育过程中,有明显极性存在。在小孢予液泡化后期,小孢子核和细胞质远离小孢子萌发孔和绒毡层呈极性分布o在二核花粉粒时期,花粉粒中淀粉粒的积累也呈极性方式,即从萌发孔处开始积累,向远离萌发孔处推进。 3.花粉粒中的二精子,具有“头尾一状结构。精细胞与不规则形状的营养核存在空间上的物理联结。 4.在自由小孢子期,绒毡层内质网发生叠堆,可能是对小孢子液泡化后产生的膨压和张力的一种适应。绒毡层在小孢子液泡化中期开始退化,开始退化的绒毡层表现为内质网腔膨大,核周腔增大,核孔数增加. 5.在二胞花粉时期,内壁形成之前,出现4-5层的层状结构,这在禾本科其它植物未曾观察到。 6.普通野生稻花药开裂与双子叶植物明显不同,没有circular cell clus-ter和stomium结构。其花药开裂通过“开裂腔一来完成的,败育的花药不形成开裂腔,并建立了模型。 7.胚囊发育为蓼型,反足细胞分裂形成反足组织,反足组织含有大量淀粉粒,反足细胞直到胚乳细胞化时才退化,反足细胞在胚和胚乳发育中起着积极作用. 8.合子在受精后约6小时开始横向分裂,形成两个大小不等原胚细胞,接着顶细胞第二次纵向分裂。在原胚期,其基细胞具淀粉粒,且细胞通过胞间连丝相互联系.胚柄伸入珠心组织直至子房壁,为营养物的输入提供了有效的通道. 9.胚乳发育属核型。胚乳细胞化通过初期自由生长壁形成细胞壁,后期通过成膜体和细胞板的方式共同形成细胞壁。刚形成的胚乳细胞通过胞间连丝相连,并含有各种细胞器。 10.通过对8个居群(群体)398个子房切片观察,在普通野生稻中未发现有无融合生殖现象。
Resumo:
Chromosomal homologies have been established between the Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi, MRE, 2n = 46) and five ovine species: wild goat (Capra aegagrus, CAE, 2n = 60), argall (Ovis ammon, OAM, 2n = 56), snow sheep (Ovis nivicola, ONI, 2n = 52), red goral (Naemorhedus cranbrooki, NCR, 2n = 56) and Sumatra serow (Capricornis sumatraensis, CSU, 2n = 48) by chromosome painting with a set of chromosome-specific probes of the Chinese muntjac. In total, twenty-two Chinese muntjac autosomal painting probes detected thirty-five homologous segments in the genome of each species. The chromosome X probe hybridized to the whole X chromosomes of all ovine species while the chromosome Y probe gave no signal. Our results demonstrate that almost all homologous segments defined by comparative painting show a high degree of conservation in G-banding patterns and that each speciation event is accompanied by specific chromosomal rearrangements. The combined analysis of our results and previous cytogenetic and molecular systematic results enables us to map the chromosomal rearrangements onto a phylogenetic tree, thus providing new insights into the karyotypic evolution of these species.
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非晶状体βγ晶状体蛋白与三叶因子蛋白复合物(βγ-CAT)是从大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤分泌物中分离的分子量为72 kDa的天然蛋白复合物.本研究通过激光共聚焦显微镜和Westem blot分析βγ-CAT在人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)中的细胞核转运机制,以及βγ-CAT对多株肿瘤细胞(HCT116,HT29,A375,Hela,THP-1等)的细胞毒效应.结果表明:βγ-CAT的α亚基中含有典型的GTP/ATPase的保守结构模体Walker A和Walker B,体外检测到βγ-CAT具有GTP/ATP水解酶和GTP/ATP结合活性.在细胞核转运过程中,βγ-CAT的α亚基和β亚基参与形成约150kDa含有泛素化修饰信号的大分子复合物,且泛素化修饰信号和βγ-CAT的α亚基和β亚基共定位于细胞内和融合于细胞核区域的转运囊泡小体中.βγ-CAT能够选择性的杀伤肿瘤细胞,诱导肿瘤细胞脱落和发生凋亡.上述结果为进一步深入研究阡βγ-CAT的细胞核转运和调节细胞功能的分子作用机制提供思路和线索.
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We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among most Chinese species of lizards in the genus Phrynocephalus (118 individuals, collected from 56 populations of 14 well-defined species and several unidentified specimens) using four mitochondrial gene fragments (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome b, and ND4-tRNA(LEU)). The partition-homogeneity tests indicated that the combined dataset was homogeneous, and maximum-parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) analyses were performed on this combined dataset (49 haplotypes including outgroups for 2058 bp in total). The maximum-parsimony analysis resulted in 24 equally parsimonious trees, and their strict consensus tree shows that there are two major clades representing the Chinese Phrynocephalus species: the viviparous group (Clade A) and the oviparous group (Clade B). The trees derived from Bayesian, ML. and NJ analyses were topologically identical to the MP analysis except for the position of P. mystaceus. All analyses left the nodes for the oviparous group, the most basal clade within the oviparous group, and P. mystaceus unresolved. The phylogenies further suggest that the monophyly of the viviparous species may have resulted from vicariance, while recent dispersal may have been important in generating the pattern of variation among the oviparous species. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Resumo:
在药物成瘾过程中,多巴胺系统起着至关重要的作用,大多数成瘾性药物都是通过影响多巴胺系统使机体产生依赖性.而多巴胺系统也同样是感觉运动门控功能的主要神经基础.尤其是中脑边缘系统的多巴胺系统在这两种行为中都起很重要的作用.但是这两种行为是如何相互作用、相互影响的还不是很清楚.本实验室曾报道了吗啡如何影响海马区的感觉门控功能.本文研究了吗啡如何影响大鼠的感觉运动门控功能.在吗啡给予前,吗啡给予期间(10天)以及吗啡戒断期间,我们检测了大鼠的感觉运动门控功能.用到的指标为惊跳反射和惊跳前脉冲抑制,这两种指标也是研究精神分裂症的重要手段.其中惊跳反射的声音强度为115分贝,前脉冲声音强度测试了3个水平,分别为70,75,80分贝.研究发现,在吗啡给予期间,惊跳反射的强度降低,而戒断期间不受影响.前脉冲抑制功能在吗啡给予的后2天显著降低,而在吗啡戒断后恢复.
Resumo:
:探索以Lentivirus为载体,构建同时表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和神经营养因子一3(NT一3)的基因工程化鼠胚神经于细胞(NSC)的可行性。方法:体外分离培养鼠胚NSC,用同时携带NT一3和GFP的lentivirus转染构建工程化NSC;用荧光显微镜、鼠胚背根神经结培养(Dorsal Root Ganglion,DRG)、Westem blot等方法检测基因工程NSC 的转基因表达。结果:荧光显微镜观察到几乎100%的工程化NSC表达GFP:DRG培养和Westem blot检测到基因工程化NSC能高效分泌NT一3蛋白。结论:以IJentivirus为载体,构建同时携带并稳定表达GFP和N‘r_3的基因工程化鼠胚NSC是可行的,可为脊髓损伤基础研究提供有价值的细胞资源。