Molybdenum L-shell X-ray production by 350-600 keV Xeq+ (q=25-30) ions

Molybdenum L-shell X-rays were produced by Xeq+ (q = 25-30) bombardment at low energies from 2.65 to 4.55 keV/amu (350-600 keV). We observed a kinetic energy threshold of Mo L-shell ionization down to 2.65-3.03 keV/amu (350-400 keV). The charge state effect of the incident ions was not observed which shows that the ions were neutralized, reaching an equilibrium charge state and losing their initial charge state memory before production of L-shell vacancies resulted in X-ray production. The experimental ionization cross sections were compared with those from Binary Encounter Approximation theory. Taking into account projectile deflection in the target nuclear Coulomb field, the ionization cross section of Mo L-shell near the kinetic energy threshold was well described. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Low-temperature heat capacities and derived thermodynamic functions of cyclohexane

The low-temperature heat capacities of cyclohexane were measured in the temperature range from 78 to 350 K by means of an automatic adiabatic calorimeter equipped with a new sample container adapted to measure heat capacities of liquids. The sample container was described in detail. The performance of this calorimetric apparatus was evaluated by heat capacity measurements on water. The deviations of experimental heat capacities from the corresponding smoothed values lie within +/-0.3%, while the inaccuracy is within +/-0.4%, compared with the reference data in the whole experimental temperature range. Two kinds of phase transitions were found at 186.065 and 279.684 K corresponding solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions, respectively. The entropy and enthalpy of the phase transition, as well as the thermodynamic functions {H-(T)- H-298.15 K} and {S-(T)-S-298.15 K}, were derived from the heat capacity data. The mass fraction purity of cyclohexane sample used in the present calorimetric study was determined to be 99.9965% by fraction melting approach.

Investigation of thermodynamic properties of Co2O3 powder

The isobaric molar heat capacities of powder of Co2O3 were determined by an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 78 to 350 K. No phase transition takes place in this temperature range. The relationship of C-p,C-m with thermodynamic temperature T was established as C-p,C-m = -5 x 10(-6)T(3) + 0.0026T(2) + 0.0325T + 4.2592 (J K-1 mol(-1)), fitting coefficient R-2 = 0.9996. According to this relationship and the relationships between thermodynamic functions, the thermodynamic functions of powder of C2O3 were derived with 298.15 K as reference temperature. Thermal decomposition of Co2O3 powder was studied through thermogravimetry (TG). The possible mechanism of the thermal decomposition reaction was suggested according to the TG result. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

科尔沁沙地78种植物繁殖体重量和形状比较

研究了科尔沁沙地 78种植物的繁殖体 (2 3种为种子 ,5 5种为果实 )重量和形状 ,其重量差别很大 ,最小的单粒重不足 0 .1mg,最大的超过 130 mg;形状差异也很大 ,最小的方差不足 0 .0 3,最大的超过 0 .18。综合本研究和以前研究的全部 14 0种植物的研究结果 ,进行了分析。结果表明 :1计有 2 4种植物繁殖体单粒重小于 1mg并接近圆球形 (方差小于 0 .0 9) ,它们可能具有持久种子库 ;2 1年生植物 (平均方差为 0 .0 70 )与 2年生植物 (平均方差为 0 .12 9)间的形状差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,2年生植物的繁殖体更加扁、长 ;1年生植物也与多年生草本植物 (平均方差为 0 .10 9)之间形状差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,多年生草本植物的繁殖体更加扁、长 ;3有 5 5 %的豆科植物、70 %的藜科植物繁殖体接近圆球形 (方差 <0 .0 6 ) ,所有的菊科、萝摩科植物繁殖体都很扁、长 (方差 >0 .0 6 )。豆科植物显著比菊科、禾本科、藜科植物繁殖体的重量大 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;4繁殖体附属物在植物的传播和定居方面具有重要的作用 :6种萝摩科植物和 3种杨柳科植物具有绢毛 ,6 0 %的菊科植物具有冠毛 ,6种植物有翅 ,8种植物有宿存花柱或宿存花萼 ,这些植物可能易于被风传播 ;5 4 %的禾本科植物具芒 ,减小了传播可能 ;苍耳、雾冰藜、鹤虱、蒺藜、

A new hydrometallurgical process for extracting rare earths from apatite using solvent extraction with P-350

In this paper, a new process is proposed to recover rare earths from nitric acid leaching of apatite without interfering with the normal route for fertilizer production using solvent extraction with dimethyl heptyl methyl phosphonate CH3P(O)(OC8H17)(2) (P-350, B). In the present work, the leaching conditions are studied. In selected condition, apatite was dissolved in 20% (v/v) nitric acid solution at 60-70 degrees C while agitating. The most suitable acidity for extraction is 0.4 M HNO3. More than 98% of rare earths in apatite can be recovered using countercurrent extraction process with six stages when phase ratio = 0.5, and defluorination is unnecessary. The influences of phase ratio, stage number, acidity and salting-out agent on extractabilities Of P-350 are studied. The results show that rare earths can be separated with P-350 from Ca, P, Fe and other impurities. Mixed rare earth oxides (REO) of which purity is more than 95% with yield over 98% can be obtained.

P_(350)从硝酸介质中萃取Nd(Ⅲ)的动力学研究

本文采用恒界面池法研究了诸因素对甲基磷酸二甲庚酯(P_(350))从硝酸体系中萃取Nd(Ⅲ)动力学的影响,求得反应的表观活化能为11.8kJ/mol,从实验结果推论出萃取过程为界面化学反应的控制机理,得出萃取反应速率方程,并提出中性磷氧萃取剂在萃取金属离子过程中可能存在阳离子交换反应机理。

Cloning and expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), also known as BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein), is an essential regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis because of its multiple functions in protein folding, ER calcium binding, and controlling of the activation of transmembrane ER stress sensors. In this report, we cloned the full length cDNA of GRP78 (FcGRP78) from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. This cDNA revealed a 2,325 bp with 1,968 bp open reading frame encoding 655 amino acids. This is the first reported GRP78 gene in Crustacea. The deduced amino acid sequence of FcGRP78 shared high identity with previously reported insect GRP78s: 86, 87 and 85% identity with GRP78s of Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti and Bombyx mori, respectively. Northern blot analysis shows that FcGRP78 is ubiquitously expressed in tissues of shrimp. Heat shock at 35A degrees C significantly enhanced the expression of FcGRP78 at the first hour, reached the maximum at 4 h post heat shock, dropped after that and resumed to the normal level until 48 h of post recovery at 25A degrees C. Additionally, differential expression of FcGRP78 was detected in haemocytes, hepatopancreas and lymphoid organ when shrimp were challenged by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). We inferred that FcGRP78 may play important roles in chaperoning, protein folding and immune function of shrimp.

Measurements of the heat capacity of an azeotropic mixture of water and n-butanol from 78 to 320 K

Molar heat capacities of n-butanol and the azeotropic mixture in the binary system [water (x=0.716) plus n-butanol (x=0.284)] were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in a temperature range from 78 to 320 K. The functions of the heat capacity with respect to thermodynamic temperature were established for the azeotropic mixture. A glass transition was observed at (111.9 +/- 1.1) K. The phase transitions took place at (179.26 +/- 0.77) and (269.69 +/- 0.14) K corresponding to the solid-liquid phase transitions of. n-butanol and water, respectively. The phase-transition enthalpy and entropy of water were calculated. A thermodynamic function of excess molar heat capacity with respect to temperature was established, which took account of physical mixing, destructions of self-association and cross-association for n-butanol and water, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic ones of the binary systems relative to 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity and the calculated excess heat capacity with respect to temperature.