塑料注模成型中的流体力学问题

<正> 塑料注模成型是塑料加工的主要方法之一。先由注塑机加压使熔融热塑料经导管通过一个或几个“门”进入加工精细的冷模,直到充满整个模型。这是第一阶段。充满后提高压力(或保持压力)一段时间,再注入一些热塑料以补偿以后冷却时的体积收缩。停止注入后的自然冷却是笫三阶段。当然这方面化工的研究是主要的,然而流体力学也有其一席之地,因为虽然单个塑料制品很便宜,但模型及注塑机很贵,所以应用流体力学理论来判断所设计的模型及注塑机能否达到要求(例如,在给定压力下能否充满整个模型)是很有价值的。而且

双放电CO_2激光器非稳定腔输出及脉冲宽度影响因素的实验研究

<正> 一、问题的提出 双放电CO_2激光器在研究与物质相互作用及用于工业加工生产中是一种很灵便和有其独特优点的器件。在具体应用中一般对输出光束的质量和脉冲宽度都有一定的要求,即要求单模输出和脉冲宽度在大的范围内可调。 在对材料打孔中发现,一个稳定的单模输出打出的孔在显微镜下观察是一个很圆的小孔,反之,多而不规则的模式打出的孔则呈畸形,甚至中间出现小岛,达不到加工的要求。

关于工程地震的若干问题

<正> 研究工程地震是为了经济而有效地設計和加强建筑物的結構部分,使它們能够成功地抗御在它們的使用期間可能遭遇到的地震。我國处于一个强震活动比较頻繁的区域。因而,工程地震的研究具有明顯的現实意义。

论圣维南问题中的位移以及弯曲中心与扭转中心

<正> 一.引言 弹性柱体的平衡问题在实用上是十分重要的。但是它的严格的数学解法却十分困难。在1855年,圣维南放松一部分边界条件,简化了原来的问题,为数学处理开辟了广大的可能性。一般人为纪念他的功绩,就把简化后的问题叫做圣维南问题。 但是圣维南问题除了不能满足柱体原有的全部应力边界条件以外,尚有另外一个缺点。这就是按照圣维南的方法不能决定注体内各点的绝对位移。一般作者在讨论悬臂梁的弯曲问题时写道:“梁的一端夹住,另一端负担一个横向载荷。” 但是究竟什么叫夹住却没有加以说明。严格地说,夹住的意义应当是(u,v,w是该截面上各点的位移):

Tensile and compressive deformation of a short-glass-fiber-reinforced liquid-crystalline polymer

Results of tensile and compression tests on a short-glass-fiber-reinforced thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer are presented. The effect of strain rate on the compression stress-strain characteristics has been investigated over a wide range of strain rates epsilon between 10(-4) and 350 s-1. The low-strain-rate tests were conducted using a screw-driven universal tensile tester, while the high-strain-rate tests were carried out using the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique. The compression modulus was shown to vary with log10 (epsilon) in a bilinear manner. The compression modulus is insensitive to strain rate in the low-strain-rate regime (epsilon = 10(-4) - 10(-2) s-1), but it increases more rapidly with epsilon at higher epsilon. The compression strength changes linearly with log10 (epsilon) over the entire strain-rate range. The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy.

不同重力下窄通道内薄材料表面的火焰传播

在常重力下模拟微重力燃烧对载人航天器的火灾安全具有重要意义。窄通道就是这样一种可以有效限制自然对流的模拟设施。但是，不同重力下火焰传播的相似性仍然是有待研究的问题。本文用实验和数值模拟的方法，比较了不同重力下有限空间内热薄材料表面的逆风传播火焰。不同重力下火焰形状和火焰传播速度的比较表明，1cm高的水平窄通道可以有效地限制自然对流，在常重力下用这种通道能够模拟微重力下相同几何尺寸的通道中的火焰传播。因此，在地面上首先利用水平窄通道，模拟相同环境中的微重力火焰传播，然后考虑通道尺寸变化对火焰传播的影响，有可能成为地面模拟其他尺寸的空间中的微重力燃烧的方法。

宏观深度测量压入仪器的研制

基于深度测量压入方法,以材料试验机Instron 5848 Microtester作为加载平台,外接高分辨力位移传感器,设计专用夹具,开发出该材料试验机的宏观压入功能.研究发现:对于机架柔度,无需再进行修正;对于压针接触面积,可用相关的方法计算.采用Oliver-Pharr方法处理测试数据,可获得材料的硬度和弹性模量.为了验证试验的可靠性,选用5种典型金属材料,将宏观压入测试结果与MTS Nano Indenter(R) XP测试结果进行对比,二者基本一致,其分散性均在10%以内.显示了开发传统材料试验机宏观压入测试功能的可行性

气相爆轰波数值模拟中化学反应模型研究

基于改进的时-空守恒元解元算法对气相爆轰波数值模拟中3种常用化学反应模型(二步模型,基元反应模型和Sichel的二步模型)进行了考察。对平面爆轰波和具有胞格结构的爆轰波进行了数值模拟,并对数值结果进行了比较和讨论。结果表明:3种化学反应模型得到的爆轰参数准确性有所差异,但得到的胞格结构均能和实验结果较好吻合。3种化学反应模型在爆轰波数值模拟中各有优缺点,应视具体问题决定使用哪种化学反应模型。

微重力环境下蒸发液层热毛细对流的数值模拟

提出了一种新模型来研究由单一物质构成的液层在其纯蒸气中的蒸发．液层置于微重力环境中并且受到水平方向温度梯度的作用，液层的热毛细对流和蒸发耦合在一起，使得气液界面的传热传质规律更加复杂．用理论分析的方法求解了不考虑热毛细效应的纯蒸发模型，得出温度场分布和界面质量流量的解析表达式．对于热毛细对流和蒸发耦合情况，采用有限差分的投影算法同时求解Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程，得到了不同蒸发Blot数和Marangoni数下流场和温度场的稳态数值解．论述了蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数对界面传热传质的影响，提出并解释了蒸发和热毛细对流耦合的三种模式．

Diffusive waves in a channel with concentrated lateral inflow

In the current paper an analytical solution for diffusive wave equation with the concentrate-distributed lateral inflow is yielded. Finite-difference numerical method is also employed to validate this model. The backwater effects drawn from lateral inflow on the mainstream are examined finally.

Formation of dendritic nanostructures in Pyrex glass anodically bonded to silicon coated with an aluminum thin film

Anodic bonding with thin films of metal or alloy as an intermediate layer, finds increasing applications in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. At the bonding temperature of 350 degrees C, voltage of 400 V, and 30 min duration, the anodic bonding is completed between Pyrex glass and crystalline silicon coated with an aluminum thin film with a thickness comprised between 50 and 230 nm. Sodium-depleted layers and dendritic nanostructures were observed in Pyrex 7740 glass adjacent to the bonding interface. The sodium depletion width does not increase remarkably with the thickness of aluminum film. The dendritic nanostructures result from aluminum diffusion into the Pyrex glass. This experimental research is expected to enhance the understanding of how the depletion layer and dendritic nanostructures affect the quality of anodic bonding. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electron acceleration in a tightly focused laser beam

Electron acceleration in a tightly focused ultra-intensity linear polarized laser beam is investigated numerically. It has been found that the acceleration is strong phase dependent and is periodic to the variety of the initial laser field phase. When optimal initial parameters are chosen, the electron can be accelerated effectively. The accelerated electrons are emitted in pulses of which the full width is less than the half period of the laser field.

Ablation and ultrafast dynamics of zinc selenide under femtosecond laser irradiation

The ablation in zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystal is studied by using 150-fs, 800-nm laser system. The images of the ablation pit measured by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) show no thermal stress and melting dynamics. The threshold fluence is measured to be 0.7 J/cm2. The ultrafast ablation dynamics is studied by using pump and probe method. The result suggests that optical breakdown and ultrafast melting take place in ZnSe irradiated under femtosecond laser pulses.

Long lifetime plasma channel in air generated by multiple femtosecond laser pulses and an external electrical field

The lifetime of a plasma channel produced by self-guiding intense femtosecond laser pulses in air is largely prolonged by adding a high voltage electrical field in the plasma and by introducing a series of femtosecond laser pulses. An optimal lifetime value is realized through adjusting the delay among these laser pulses. The lifetime of a plasma channel is greatly enhanced to 350 ns by using four sequential intense 100fs( FWHM) laser pulses with an external electrical field of about 350kV/m, which proves the feasibility of prolonging the lifetime of plasma by adding an external electrical field and employing multiple laser pulses. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

飞秒激光对高反膜的破坏及其超快动力学过程

研究了800nm飞秒激光照射下45°高反膜ZrO2—SiO2的破坏及其超快动力学过程。利用原子力显微镜和扫描电镜观察了材料的烧蚀形貌，测量了破坏阈值与脉冲宽度、烧蚀深度与脉冲能量的依赖关系。随着脉冲宽度从50fs增加到900fs，其烧蚀阈值从0．35J／cm^2增加到1．78J／cm^2。烧蚀深度与激光能流密度近似成对数关系。当激光强度略高于烧蚀阈值时，材料很快被烧蚀到几百纳米，烧蚀深度表现出明显的层状特性。同时，利用建立的抽运-探针实验系统，测量了高强度抽运脉冲作用下材料对探针光的反射率随延迟时间的变化