34 resultados para 1460


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Directional emission InP/AlGaInAs square-resonator microlasers with a side length of 20 mu m are fabricated by standard photolithography and inductively coupled-plasma etching technique. Multimode resonances with about seven distinct mode peaks in a free-spectral range are observed from 1460 to 1560 nm with the free-spectral range of 12.1 nm near the wavelength of 1510 nm, and the mode refractive index versus the photon energy E (eV) as 3.07152+0.18304E are obtained by fitting the laser spectra with an analytical mode wavelength formula derived by light ray method. In addition, mode field pattern is simulated for cold cavity by two dimensional finite-difference time-domain technique.

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Al0.38Ga0.62N/AIN/GaN HEMT structures have been grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on 2-inch sapphire substrates. Samples with AIN growth time of 0s (without AIN interlayer), 12, 15, 18 and 24s are characterized and compared. The electrical properties of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) are improved by introducing AIN interlayers. The AIN growth time in the range of 12-18s, corresponding to the AIN thickness of 1-1.5 nm, is appropriate for the design of Al0.38Ga0.62N/AIN/GaN HEMT structures. The lowest sheet resistance of 277 Omega sq(-1) and highest room temperature 2DEG mobility of 1460 cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) are obtained on structure with AIN growth time of 12s. The structure with AIN growth time of 15s exhibits the highest 2DEG concentration of 1.59 x 10(13) cm(-2) and the smallest RMS surface roughness of 0.2 nm. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) grazing incidence reflectivity and FTIR transmission methods have been used to study GaN films grown on alpha-Al2O3 (0001) substrates by atmospheric pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and low pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The results show that in the frequency range from 400 to 3500 cm(-1) the signal-to-noise ratio of the FTIR grazing incidence measurement is far higher than that of the FTIR transmission measurement. Some new vibrational structures appearing in the former measurement have been discussed. The features around 1460 and 1300 cm(-1) are tentatively assigned to scissoring and wagging local vibrational modes of CH2 in GaN, respectively. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)06509-3].

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针对目前常见的星形模型等易受部件缺失影响的问题,提出一种空间位置约束模型.该模型以目标中心作为参考点,衡量所有局部特征之间的位置关系,避免了特殊结点缺失带来的不利影响.基于模板中目标的表面特征和形状因素构造空间位置约束模型,利用待检测目标的表面特征信息形成相关假设,通过假设检验定量地衡量目标出现的位置及可能性,并提出了一种搜索目标中心位置的加速算法.实验结果表明,该空间位置约束模型不受部件缺失的影响,性能稳定.

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DMSO是一个很好的配位体,有氧原子和硫原子两个配位原子,通过这两个配位原子,DMSO可以和许多过渡金属和稀土金属的离子发生络合,形成稳定的金属络合物。稀土金属离子的络合物,角过氯酸盐、卤化物,高铼酸盐六氟磷化物等,曾有人进行了研究,它们的光谱研究表明,二甲亚砜是通过氧原子同稀土络合,O、N、S三原子的络合能力是O>N>S。在稀土硝酸盐的二甲亚砜的络合物中,由于即存在DMSO的配位,也存在硝基的配位,所在情况比较复杂。它们的振动光谱研究了可以在1967年Ramalingan和1977年Kawcuno的工作中得知一些,前者研究了La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Ho、Yb、Y九个元素的络合物,后者研究了La、Nd、Er、Yb、Lu五个元素的络合物,所有络合物的光谱数据都很不完全,他们都认为DMSO与NO_3都与稀土离子络合,并肯定是通过氧原子络合,但是对于NO_3的络合方式没有一致的结论。Ramalingan等认为络合物分子中,硝根既有双基配位,又有单基配位,和X光衍射实验的结果不相符,Kawano通过研究全氘化二甲亚砜(DMSO-d_6)的稀土硝酸盐络合物,认为三个NO_3都是通过两个氧原子同稀土相配位,是双基配位基。硝基的配位方式是一个长期争论的振动光谱问题,不少学者曾对硝基的各种振动模式的谱带位置和吸收强度进行探讨,很难得出一致的结论。在络合物中氧与稀土离子的络合键Ln-O的振动频率位置问题,亦存在争论,Kawanv认为这个配位键的振动频率在180 cm~(-1)附近,但是日本的岩濑秋雄等人,在研究稀土高氯酸盐的二甲亚砜络合物时,则认为400 cm~(-1)附近的谱带为Ln-O的振动频率在研究稀土的无水硝酸盐的红外光谱的工作中。A.Walker等人也把180 cm~(-1)谱带归属为Ln-O络合键。J.R.Ferraro等人在研究Ln(NO_3)_3·3DBP络合物时,也认为Ln-O配位键在180 cm~(-1)附近,但是我们考察了他们的数据与稀土动量L的关系,未发现四分组现和“斜W”效应。我们研究了除P_m 以外的十四个稀土元素并Y的硝酸盐DMSO络合物的付氏变换红外光和激光拉曼光谱,4000 cm~(-1)-80 cm~(-1)的红外光谱图和4000 cm~(-1)-50 cm~(-1)的拉曼光谱图提供了较完整的数据,除了肯定了NO_3和DMSO都以氧原子与稀土络合外,还肯定了NO_3的配位方式和利用红外数据区别不同类型的配位的方法找出了金属离子配位数不同的光谱特征,做了Ln-O络合键的振动频率的归属及其与稀土物化性质间的规律关系。根据DMSO的简正坐标计算结果,可以归属出DMSO及其络合物的许多谱带,其中S=0伸缩振动频率在990-1018 cm~(-1)之间,随原子序数增加无明显规律性变化,在Gd络合物以后,分裂为三条谱带。C-S的伸缩振动移问低波数,变化随原子序数增加而增加,但无明显的线性变化,C-S-O变形振动频率向高频方向移动约16 cm~(-1),与原子序数无关,C-S-C变形振动移向高波数5 cm~(-1),与原子序数无关。此外,在~3000 cm~(-1)是Vc-H,~1400 cm~(-1)是CH_3变形振动频率谱带,~950 cm~(-1)是CH_3摇摆,络合后上述谱带变化不大,可见络合对CH_3基团的振动无大的影响。通过考察S=0振动频率变化,可以看出十配位络合物和九配位络合物之间的光谱区别在于十配位络合物S=0伸缩振动仍为一条谱带,而九配位络合物的S=0振动频率则分裂为两条谱带。已知十配位的Ln-O多面体为双帽正多棱柱,九配位络合物则为三帽三角柱,考虑到氧原子的不同,前者为C_(2v)对称性,后者为C_3对称性,不同配位数的络合物所显示谱带分裂不能用对称性来说明,因为这两种群均没有简并的群表示,利用X光衍射数据计算了La和Yb的络合物中DMSO间氧原子的距离,可以看出,十配位络合物中DMSO的配位氧原子间距离大,而九配位络合物中氧原子间距离小,两者之间相差近两倍。所以S=0振动频率分裂可能是相同基团因距离近而产生了振动耦合。利用此结果可以区分不同配位数的络合物,这种现象,在以往的DMSO络合物的研究中没有发现。硝基离子属于D_(3h)群,有四个振动模式,其中三个是红外活性,分别为V_2(A")=823-817 cm~(-1),V_3(E')=1368-1355 cm~(-1),V_4(E')=702-718 cm~(-1),V_1、V_3、V_4是拉曼活性的,络合以后,NO_3对称性变为C_(2v)群,有六条红外谱线,同时也是拉曼活性,其中N-O伸缩振动在1460 cm~(-1) (A,S),No_2反对称伸缩振动在1340-1329cm~(-1)(B,S),NO_2,对称伸缩振动在1037.7 cm~(-1)附近,NO_3的对称面内弯曲振动在817 cm~(-1)(A,S),反对称面内弯曲振动在767.7 cm~(-1),NO_3的面外变形振动在710 cm~(-1)(B_2 W),由此可知硝基在络合物中确实参加了配位。存在络合物中的三个硝基的配位类型在红外上如何区别我们进行了初步探讨。单基配位基和双基配位基同属C_(2v)对称性所以在基频上很难区别,Lever等人在研究过渡金属络合物中发现,No_3的组频1750 cm~(-1) (V_1+V_4)在络合以后发生了分裂,双基配位基分裂在22-66cm~(-1)范围,而单基配位基则在5-26cm~(-1)范围,可以以此来区别NO_3的配位类型,这种方法适用于很多络合物,我们把这种方法应用于稀土络合物中发现,这个组频分裂现象在络合物中普遍存在,分裂在25-44.4cm~(-1)范围,所以络合物的硝基是双基配位体,在此波数区间内只有分裂很好的两个峰,所以可以断定无单基配位的硝基存在,这与X光衍射实验结果相一致,分裂距离随原子序数增加而增加,但无“斜W”效应。Ce和Lu的络合物分裂较小。由此可知这种方法适用于稀土二甲亚砜络合物。对有可能归属为Ln-O配位键的180 cm~(-1)和400 cm~(-1)附近的两条谱带进行考查,~400 cm~(-1)附近的谱带随原子序数增加总趋势增加,在Gd络合物开始分裂为两条,这条谱带与稀土离子总角动量L之间存在“斜W”效应,Shyama P. Sinha在研究稀土元素的性质时发现,稀土很多性质都具有“斜W”效应。其中包括配位键振动频率。利用V=1/(2πC)(F/(-1~n))~(1/2),用乙酰丙酮络合物的F_(Ln-O)近似计算V_(Ln-O)可以算得V_(Ln-O)在400.8-418.49cm~(-1)范围,所以可以认为~400 cm~(-1)附近的谱带可以归属为Ln-O键伸缩振动。~200 cm~(-1)的谱带在S_m络合物以后分开,此谱带亦随原子序数增加而增加,但无“斜W”效应,Kawano把它们归属为Ln-O,J.R.Ferraro在研究Ln(NO_3)_3(TBP)_3时,也认为Ln-O键伸缩振动在此位置,但也无“斜W”效应,这条谱带能否归属于Ln-O键,有待寻找更进一步的证据。通过稀土二甲亚砜络合物的研究,我们可以得知,NO_3的组频在1750 cm~(-1)谱带在络合以后发生了分裂,分裂范围在25-44.4 cm~(-1),从而证明了NO_3为双基配位基。DMSO的S=0伸缩振动频率和Ln-O键伸缩振动在Gd络合物后出现分裂,因而可以利用此结果可以区分两种不同配位数的络合物,通过考虑振动频率同稀土物化性质L间的关系及近似计算,初步可以确定Ln-O键振动频率在~400 cm~(-1)附近。有“斜W”效应存在。

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IEECAS SKLLQG

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本文对科尔沁沙地流动沙丘不同坡位(丘间地、过渡带、迎风坡中部、坡顶、背风坡上部和下部)和不同土层深度(0~20、20~40和40~60cm)的土壤线虫群落组成与多样性进行了比较研究。研究结果表明,流动沙丘土壤线虫具有显著的坡位效应,而垂直分布特征不显著。丘间地和背风坡下部具有较高数量和较多种类的土壤线虫,而过渡带和迎风坡中部土壤线虫数量较低、种类也较少。不同坡位土壤线虫总数、食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫和植物寄生线虫数量存在显著差异。除食细菌线虫外,不同土层土壤线虫总数及其各营养类群均无显著差异。土壤含水量和电导率是影响土壤线虫群落空间分布格局的主要因素。土壤线虫群落分布格局的变化反映了流动沙丘土壤微环境的变化,对土壤质量具有一定的指示作用。

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Treatment of anilido-phosphinimine-ligated yttrium mono(alkyl) complex 1a, LY(CH2Si(CH3)(3))(THF) (L = o-(2,6-(C6H3Pr2)-Pr-i)NC6H4P(C6H4)(C6H5)N(2,4,6-C6H2Me3)), with 2 equiv of phenylsilane in DME afforded methoxy-bridged complex 2, [LY(mu-OCH3)](2), via the corresponding hydrido intermediate. When excess isoprene was added to the mixture of la and phenylsilane, a eta(3)-isopentene product, 3, LY(CH2C(CH3)=CHCH3)(THF), was isolated. A lutetium chloride, LLuCl(DME) (4), was generated through the reaction of lutetium mono(alkyl) complex 1b, LLu(CH2Si(CH3)(3))(THF), with [Ph3C]-[B(C6F5)(4)]center dot LiCl accompanied by the formation of [Li(DME)(3)](+)[B(C6F5)(4)](-). Metathesis reaction of 1b with excess AlMe3 at room temperature gave a methyl-terminated counterpart, 5, LLu(CH3)(THF)(2). In all these reactions, the Ln-C-phenyl bonds of complexes 1 remained untouched.

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Crystallization and melting behavior of short ethylene sequence of metallocene ethylene/alpha -olefin copolymer with high comonomer content have been studied by standard DSC and modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (M-TDSC) technique. In addition to high temperature endotherm around 120 degreesC, a low temperature endotherm is observed at lower temperatures (40-80 degreesC), depending on time and temperature of isothermal crystallization. The peak position of the low temperature endotherm T-m(low) varies linearly with the logarithm of crystallization time and the slope, D, decreases with increasing crystallization temperature T-c. The T-m(low) also depends on the thermal history before the crystallization at T-c, and an extrapolation of T-m(low) (30.6 degreesC) to a few seconds has been obtained after two step isothermal crystallization before the crystallization at 30 degreesC. The T-m(low) is nearly equal to T-c, and it indicates that the initial crystallization at low temperature is nearly reversible. Direct evidence of conformational. entropy change of secondary crystallization has been obtained by using M-TDSC technique. Both the M-TDSC result and the activation energy analysis of temperature dependence suggest that crystal perfection process and conformational entropy decreasing in residual amorphous co-exist during secondary crystallization.

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钛酸钡(BaTiO_3)晶体在室温附近为四方晶系,空间群为P4mm,具有优良的光折变特性和非线性光学效应,是目前最为理想的非线性光折变材料。BaTiO_3的相图复杂,相变点多,由于六方相在低温下可以亚稳态存在,使得晶体生长必须在1460℃以下进行。本文提出了生长晶体的感应加热三温区温场助熔剂传输溶质方法及装置。这种方法对于那些成晶温度

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This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.