湍流射流在等速流动中的扩散

<正> 在工程技术问题中,譬如冲压发动机燃烧室内燃料逆气流方向喷射发展的下游流动以及为了防热目的采用所谓气膜冷却等实际问题中,往往遇到湍流射流在等速流动中的热量扩散与质量扩散过程。本文建议采用扩散系数随流动发展距离与流动速度的乘积而变的关系来求解两个简单问题:1.无限平面平行射流的扩散;2.距射流出口相当远处的扩散。

对塑性变形问题的一些看法——并答王仁同志的书评

<正> 王仁同志对于笔者所写的专著“硬化材料的軸对称塑性平面应力問題的研究”作了介结,并指出了該专著在叙述上还欠簡洁,重复的地方較多,全书缺乏一段结论和讨论以给出一个总的概括。这些的确都是該专著的缺点,承王仁同志指出,笔者非常感谢。

Influence of liquid bridge volume on the onset of oscillation in floating-zone convection .1. Experiments

The onset of oscillation in the floating zone convection driven by the gradient of surface tension was experimentally studied, and discussions were concentrated on the influence of liquid bridge volume on the onset of oscillation. Distributions of critical applied temperature difference and frequency depending on the volume of the liquid bridge were obtained, and there was a gap range of liquid volume which separated the curve of marginal stability into two parts for fixed rod diameter and aspect ratio. The results imply that the volume of the liquid bridge is a sensitive critical parameter for the onset of oscillation. The implication on the instability is also discussed in the present paper.

Influence of liquid bridge volume on the onset of oscillation in floating-zone convection .2. Numerical-simulation

The onset of oscillation in the floating zone convection driven by the gradient of surface tension was studied numerically for an unsteady and two-dimensional model, and studies were concentrated on the influence of liquid bridge volume on the onset of oscillation in comparison with the experimental results in the Paper I. The numerical results agree with the experimental ones presented in the previous paper, in which the distributions of critical applied temperature difference depending on the volume of liquid bridge and a gap range of liquid volume in marginal stability curve were obtained.

“十一五”水动力学发展规划的建议

水动力学是流体力学的一个重要分支，有着悠久的研究与发展历史，形成了比较完整的学科体系．进入21世纪以来，资源开发、环境保护、国家安全已成为世界各国普遍关注的战略问题．我国的海防建设、海洋资源开发与海洋空间利用、海岸带综合规划和水环境保护、水资源开发与利用等为水动力学研究提出了新的迫切需求．本文阐述了水动力学研究的国家需求、国内外水动力学研究的现状和发展趋势，提出了近期有待研究的主要科学问题．

第54届国际宇航大会介绍

<正> 第54届国际宇航大会于2003年9月29～10月3日在德国布莱梅召开.国际宇航大会是国际宇航联合会(IAF)、国际宇航科学院(IAA)和国际空间法律联合会联合主办的国际宇航界盛会,每年举办一届,至今已举办了54届,一直得到国际宇航领域的科学家和工程技术与管理人员的极大重视.来自世界多个国家和地区的超过2000位代表参加了会议,此次国际宇航大会共交流学术论文约 1170篇,分26个专题,分别是:

第十三届美国复合材料学会技术年会简介

1．会议概况美国复合材料学会第十三届年会（The13thTechnicalConferenceofAmericanSocietyforComposite），于1998年9月21日～23日在美国巴尔的摩（Baltimore）举行，会议由马理兰大学（MarylandUniversity）宇航工程系（DepartmentofAerospaceEngineering）主办．会议执...

微/纳米力学测试技术及其应用

　　本书系统地介绍了微/纳米力学测试技术中最常用压入和划入技术及其典型应用。
全书共分13章。测量技术方面，内容涉及接触力学，测试原理、方法、校准、仪器、
力学参量、影响因素。典型应用方面，内容涉及在表面工程、微机电系统、生物、高
聚物和金属玻璃等领域内的微/纳米力学行为的测试。
　　本书可供力学、材料、物理、电子、机械、生物和化学等领域的研究人员、工程技术人员以及大专院校相关专业的师生参考。

 

边界层理论讲义

Atomistic Simulation On Size-Dependent Yield Strength And Defects Evolution Of Metal Nanowires

A simple derivation based on continuum mechanics is given, which shows the surface stress is critical for yield strength at ultra-small scales. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with modified embedded atom method (MEAM) are employed to investigate the mechanical behaviors of single-crystalline metal nanowires under tensile loading. The calculated yield strengths increasing with the decrease of the cross-sectional area of the nanowires are in accordance with the theoretical prediction. Reorientation induced by stacking faults is observed at the nanowire edge. In addition. the mechanism of yielding is discussed in details based on the snapshots of defects evolution. The nanowires in different crystallographic orientations behave differently in stretching deformation. This study on the plastic properties of metal nanowires will be helpful to further understanding of the mechanical properties of nanomaterials. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Friction properties of bio-mimetic nano-fibrillar arrays

Nano-fibrillar arrays are fabricated using polystyrene materials. The average diameter of each fiber is about 300 nm. Experiments show that such a fibrillar surface possesses a relatively hydrophobic feature with a water contact angle of 142 degrees. Nanoscale friction properties are mainly focused on. It is found that the friction force of polystyrene nano-fibrillar surfaces is obviously enhanced in contrast to polystyrene smooth surfaces. The apparent coefficient of friction increases with the applied load, but is independent of the scanning speed. An interesting observation is that the friction force increases almost linearly with the real contact area, which abides by the fundamental Bowden-Tabor law of nano-scale friction.

Compression of Chinese document images based on morphologic analysis and pattern matching

We propose a highly efficient content-lossless compression scheme for Chinese document images. The scheme combines morphologic analysis with pattern matching to cluster patterns. In order to achieve the error maps with minimal error numbers, the morphologic analysis is applied to decomposing and recomposing the Chinese character patterns. In the pattern matching, the criteria are adapted to the characteristics of Chinese characters. Since small-size components sometimes can be inserted into the blank spaces of large-size components, we can achieve small-size pattern library images. Arithmetic coding is applied to the final compression. Our method achieves much better compression performance than most alternative methods, and assures content-lossless reconstruction. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

高阶群速度色散引起的高斯超短脉冲宽度的展宽和形变

基于动量守恒和光参变过程中的三波耦合波方程, 和负单轴非线性光学晶体CsLiB6O10的色散方程, 研究了在光参变效应中超短激光脉冲由于群速度色散引起的展宽和形变。数值模拟显示, 在超短脉冲波形为双曲正割形和无啁啾调制时, 高阶群速度色散引起的超短脉冲为50 fs时, 晶体长度为10 mm, 紫外光213 nm作为基波入射时的脉冲展宽是波长为532 nm绿光在同等条件下的1.6倍。脉冲展宽程度与入射波长和晶体长度有关, 波长越短和晶体长度越长则脉冲展宽和波形变化越严重,高阶色散引起的超短高斯脉冲展宽, 将