42 resultados para 124-770B


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本文展现了一个从实验谱提取核形变值的唯象方法,并用该方法提取了某些偶偶核的基态形变值。根据Bohr和Mottelson关于对关联对转动惯量的影响的近似考虑及转动惯量对于形变的依赖关系,从实验有效转动惯量提取了核的形度值,并与最近发现的两组理论计算值以及从电四极矩提取的形变数值作了系统比较,结果取得一致,同时表明Bohr和Mottelson关于对关联效应的近似考虑是合理的。本文并计算了一镧系区偶偶核和锕系区偶偶核的α带的形变值。本论文工作利用近年来发展起来的平均共振俘获(ARC)的核谱技术,对~(124)Te核作了探讨和研究。平均能量为24kev中子被~(123)Te靶核俘获后退激放出的γ初级射线,用电子对谱仪进行测量,获得ARC γ谱。通过对2kev、24kev ARC谱数据处理,获取了~(124)Te核2.6Mer下所有O~+、1~+、2~+能级,证明长期以来没确定的2~+态的2倍能量附近的0~+态不存在。在IBMI模型框架下对~(124)Te结构作了探讨,认为最近Robinson等人通过拟合实验谱的理论计算,得出~(124)Te是O(6)核的结论是不合理的。而认为~(124)Te核具有非谐振子能谱的特征,并初步提出~(124)Te可能是接近U(5)结构的核

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用粘沙法对科尔沁沙地西部124种天然植物进行了粘液繁殖体甄别。结果表明:(1)在124种植物中,有13种植物包括冷蒿(Artemisiafrigida)、万年蒿(A.gmelinii)、差不嘎蒿(A.halodendron)、野艾蒿(A.lavan-dulaefolia)、大籽蒿(A.sieversiana)、黄蒿(A.scoparia)、乌丹蒿(A.wudanica)、画眉(Eragrostispilosa)、小画眉(E.poaeoides)、百里香(Thymusmongolicus)、平车前(Plantagodepressa)、盐生车前(Plantagomaritima)、野亚麻(Linumstelleroides)的种子分泌粘液,占所有被测植物的10.5%;(2)综合浇水2mm和水浸20min两种处理结果发现,盐生车前、平车前、乌丹蒿、冷蒿、百里香粘液(粘沙)繁殖体比例很高,万年蒿、黄蒿、野艾蒿粘液繁殖体比例相对低;(3)综合浇水2mm和水浸20min处理结果发现,分泌粘液粘沙后重量变化较大的植物包括画眉、小画眉、盐生车前、乌丹蒿、万年蒿;(4)将水浸20min与浇水20mm处理的结果进行平均,得到的粘沙种子总粘沙量由小到大的顺序是:黄蒿<野艾蒿<万年蒿<小画眉<画眉<冷蒿<差不嘎蒿<大籽蒿<百里香<野亚麻<平车前<乌丹蒿<盐生车前;(5)全部13种有粘液繁殖体植物的种子均小,单粒重小于1mg;(6)无论对水浸20min,还是浇水20mm处理,粘沙种子粘沙量与未粘沙种子重量正相关,即种子越大,粘沙量越大;(7)蒿属植物占具有粘液繁殖体植物的比例较大,供试的7种植物均有种子分泌粘液,但在粘沙种子重量增加量、粘沙种子对未粘沙种子的重量倍数、粘沙种子百分数等方面表现物种间差异;(8)蒿属植物分泌粘液是其适应流沙的属性之一。

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本文研究了丁基罗丹明 B-磷钼杂多酸-PVA_124超高灵敏显色反应,提出了测定痕量磷新的分光光度法,缔合物的最大吸收波长位于588nm 处,表观摩尔吸光系数ε值为1.1×10~6L·mol~(-1)·cm,研究了缔合物的组成比和红外光谱,并初步讨论了反应机理,本法直接用于钢、试剂和水样的分析,结果较为满意,测定下限分别可达4ppb(10ml 水)和2×10~(-6)%(1g 试剂)。

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本文研究了丁基罗丹明B-砷钼杂多酸-PVA-124体系,由于形成高取代氢原子的杂多酸而使反应灵敏度大增,ε值高达6.9×10~5 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。缔合物的组成比As(V):BRB=1:7。红外光谱研究证明,染料和杂多酸形成了离子对缔合物。本法可成功地用于水样和试剂中痕量砷的测定。测定下限分别为2.0ppb(水样)和2×10~(-6)%(试剂)。

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本文研究了在聚乙烯醇-124存在下,钨(V)-SCN~--乙基罗丹明B超高灵敏显色体系。缔合物λ_(max)=585nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(585)=1.9×10~6L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。钨浓度在0.1~1.5μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律,方法曾用于水样及钢样中痕量钨的测定,结果较满意。

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采用纳米压入方法表征了热浸镀铝钢表面由Al_2O_3层、Al层和FeAl层组成的复合涂层的纳米硬度、弹性模量及断裂韧性等微观力学性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了纳米压痕形貌,并分析了孔洞对陶瓷层的纳米压入行为和压痕裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明:等离子体电解氧化(PEO)陶瓷层中包含许多微米和亚微米尺度的细小孔洞,陶瓷层弹性模量约为226.4 GPa,纳米硬度约为19.6 GPa.当纳米压入深度为250 nm时,所测得陶瓷层的力学参数分散性较大.与FeAl层比较,PEO陶瓷层具有较高的裂纹扩展阻力.FeAl层纳米压痕顶端产生了沿直线扩展的径向裂纹;而陶瓷层纳米压痕中除径向裂纹外出现了侧边裂纹.

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In this research, asymmetrical cold rolling was produced by the difference in the coefficient of friction between rolls and sheets rather than the difference of roll radius or rotation speeds. The influence of friction coefficient ratio on the cross shear deformation, rolling pressure and torque was investigated using slab analysis. The results showed that the shear deformation zone length increased with the increase of the friction coefficient ratio. The rolling force decreased only under the condition that the friction coefficient ratio increased while the sum of the friction coefficients was held constant. As the reduction per pass was increased, the shear deformation zone length increased and the rolling force also increased. An increase of the front tension resulted in a decrease of the shear deformation zone length. An increase of back tension, however, led to an increase of the shear deformation zone length. The reduction of rolling torque for the work roll with higher surface roughness was greater than that for the work roll with lower surface roughness. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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<正>力学所成立已34年,目前职工总人数逾800人,是力学科学的综合性研究大所。它面临着课题分散、人员及设备老化、资金紧张、住房紧张等一系列问题。如何走出困境,如何进一步完善综合性研究大所的运转机制,在竞争中寻求自身的生存与发展,是有待深入讨论研究和急需解决的重要问题。近年来,力学所在这些方面也进行了初步的探索和尝试。一、适当调整内部科研组织结构,建立跨室联合研究集体,增强研究所的竞争力和自身发展能力力学所原有13个研究室,基本上是按力学分支学科划分建立起来的,主要研究领域包括爆炸力学、物理力学、磁流力学和等离子体动力学、土力学、高速气体动力学、流体力学、空气动力学、高温气体动力学、固体力学、激光流体物理、跨声速空气动力学、材料力学性质、微重力科

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本文从描述非饱和土壤中水分流动的基本方程出发,对4种不同典型土壤在各种假定的均匀降雨速率下的入渗速率进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在降雨初期,由于降雨率低于入渗率,故全部雨量入渗,但当雨率大于入渗速率之后,入渗流动可以比拟为饱和水柱向非饱和区推进的柱塞流,其速率与饱和水柱长度成反比,而与分隔非饱和区与饱和水柱的湿润阵面上吸力大小成正比。如果对实际计算的吸力与Mein及Larson所推荐的理论计算吸力分别按各自最大吸力进行无量纲化,发现二者值吻合得很好。根据柱塞流这样一个概念,本文推导了决定入渗率等于雨率时的时间及该时的湿润锋面位置,并继而推导了在此以后,如果雨率永远大于入渗率情况下(并且不考虑地表有积水)入渗速率与湿润锋面位置的解析解,大大地简化了入渗率的工作量,具有实际应用的意义。

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been analyzed in detail. The effects ofm icroscopic energy transfer from

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采用纳米压入方法表征了热浸镀铝钢表面由Al2O3层、Al层和FeAl层组成的复合涂层的纳米硬度、弹性模量及断裂韧性等微观力学性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了纳米压痕形貌,并分析了孔洞对陶瓷层的纳米压入行为和压痕裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明:等离子体电解氧化(PEO)陶瓷层中包含许多微米和亚微米尺度的细小孔洞,陶瓷层弹性模量约为226.4 GPa,纳米硬度约为19.6 GPa.当纳米压入深度为250nm时,所测得陶瓷层的力学参数分散性较大.与FeAl层比较,PEO陶瓷层具有较高的裂纹扩展阻力.FeAl层纳米压痕顶端产生了沿直线扩展的径向裂纹;而陶瓷层纳米压痕中除径向裂纹外出现了侧边裂纹.

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试图从以下4个方面对热等离子体材料加工现在以及将来的研究与发展进行评价:(1)热等离子体涂镀技术;(2)热等离子体微细粉末合成;(3)热等离子体处理废物;(4)热等离子体球化及致密化.一般来讲,由于热等离子体加工由大量参数决定,实行控制非常必要.在某些情况下,缺乏足够的控制以及经济方面的一些不利因素是热等离子体技术成长的主要障碍.但是,目前的研究与开发工作正在致力于解决这些问题

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特征分析表明:对原始扰动量的抛物化稳定性方程组(PSE),它在亚、超音速区分别具有椭圆和抛物特性,给出PSE特征对马赫数的依赖关系,阐明PSE仅把信息对流-扩散传播特性抛物化,而保留了信息对流-扰动传播特性,因此PSE应称为扩散抛物化稳定性方程(DPSE)。

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Adiabatic shear localization is a mode of failure that occurs in dynamic loading. It is characterized by thermal softening occurring over a very narrow region of a material and is usually a precursor to ductile fracture and catastrophic failure. This reference source is the first detailed study of the mechanics and modes of adiabatic shear localization in solids, and provides a systematic description of a number of aspects of adiabatic shear banding. The inclusion of the appendices which provide a quick reference section and a comprehensive collection of thermomechanical data allows rapid access and understanding of the subject and its phenomena. The concepts and techniques described in this work can usefully be applied to solve a multitude of problems encountered by those investigating fracture and damage in materials, impact dynamics, metal working and other areas. This reference book has come about in response to the pressing demand of mechanical and metallurgical engineers for a high quality summary of the knowledge gained over the last twenty years. While fulfilling this requirement, the book is also of great interest to academics and researchers into materials performance.

Table of Contents

1Introduction1
1.1What is an Adiabatic Shear Band?1
1.2The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands6
1.3Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur10
1.4Historical Aspects of Shear Bands11
1.5Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps14
1.6Scope of the Book20
2Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands24
2.1General Features24
2.2Deformed Bands27
2.3Transformed Bands28
2.4Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding35
2.5Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals44
3Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands54
3.1Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture54
3.2Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands57
3.3Metallurgical Implications69
3.4Effects of Stress State73
4Testing Methods76
4.1General Requirements and Remarks76
4.2Dynamic Torsion Tests80
4.3Dynamic Compression Tests91
4.4Contained Cylinder Tests95
4.5Transient Measurements98
5Constitutive Equations104
5.1Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour104
5.2Strain-Rate History Effects110
5.3Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour114
5.4Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals124
6Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands125
6.1Empirical Criteria125
6.2One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis134
6.3Localization Analysis140
6.4Experimental Verification146
7Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands155
7.1Post-Instability Phenomena156
7.2Scaling and Approximations162
7.3Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation167
7.4The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands171
7.5Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology179
7.6Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States187
8Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands194
8.1Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations194
8.2One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding199
8.3Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods213
8.4Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State218
9Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics229
9.1Planar Impact230
9.2Fragmentation237
9.3Penetration244
9.4Erosion255
9.5Ignition of Explosives261
9.6Explosive Welding268
10Selected Topics in Metalworking273
10.1Classification of Processes273
10.2Upsetting276
10.3Metalcutting286
10.4Blanking293
 Appendices297
AQuick Reference298
BSpecific Heat and Thermal Conductivity301
CThermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence312
DMaterials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands335
ESpecification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands341
FConversion Factors357
 References358
 Author Index369
 Subject Index375

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