高能、含铝和温压炸药爆炸抛撒实验研究

采用高速运动分析系统观察了高能炸药、含铝炸药和温压炸药爆炸产物抛撒的过程;分析比较了三种炸药的爆炸产物抛撒运动及后燃特点,得到了温压炸药具有爆炸和后燃二个过程,爆炸场范围大,温度高,后燃持续时间长;高能炸药与温压炸药相比爆炸场范围小,温度低,几乎没有后燃过程;含铝炸药介于温压炸药和高能炸药之间。

梯度涂层材料中裂纹问题的非均匀元分析

本文采用非均匀等参有限元的方法研究了薄膜梯度涂层/均匀基材中的界面裂纹问题，并与双材料界面裂纹情况进行了对比计算。研究表明：在均匀基材上采用梯度涂层，与双材料相比可以有效地降低裂尖场应力强度因子；同时还分析了涂层厚度与梯度参数对界面应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：当薄膜厚度大于或等于裂纹长度时，应力强度因子（K_I、K_(II)）对其尺度的变化显得不敏感；对梯度参数的影响而言，当材料性能曲线的幂指数m大于1时，裂尖场的应力强度因子K_(II)相对K_I很小且基本不随m变化，因此裂尖场与均匀材料情况类似；当m小于1时，应用强度因子K_(II)随m减小而急剧增大，裂尖场由K_I及K_(II)控制，断裂趋于混合型。

天然气水合物热激励法开采模型研究

根据分子动力学分解理论,建立了天然气水合物热激励法开采数学模型,并在此基础上考虑了逆反应的存在对水合物分解规律和气体在地层中渗流特性的影响.利用有限差分法对压力和温度控制方程进行了数值求解,同时分析了地层压力场和温度场的分布规律、天然气的产量变化特征以及渗透率对它们的影响.计算结果表明,在水合物分解前沿,压力值出现跳跃而温度值达到最低点,天然气的产量随时间呈明显的周期性变化趋势,而且随着时间增长,周期逐渐变长,对渗透率的变化敏感.通过分析比较,计算结果与实验结果吻合很好.

纳米压痕技术测量管胞次生壁S_2层的纵向弹性模量和硬度

重点研究和详细介绍了利用纳米压痕技术测试管胞次生壁S_2层纵向弹性模量以及硬度的实验技术，并测试了人工林杉木早晚材管胞S2层的纵向弹性模量和硬度。结果表明：杉木晚材管胞s_2层的平均纵向硬度为0．390GPa，弹性模量的平均值为14．844GPa；早材管胞S_2层的硬度和模量则小于晚材，平均值分别为0．306GPa和9．823 GPa。

隧道开挖方式对建筑物桩基影响的数值模拟分析

运用岩石破裂与失稳过程分析RFPA~(2D)系统以及FLAC~(2D)程序对广州地铁二号线隧道通过电化教育学院录音楼引起建筑物桩基的变形与力学特性进行研究。RFPA~(2D)系统视材料为非均匀损伤材料,考虑修正后的Mohr-Coulomb准则(包含拉伸截断)作为单元破坏的强度判据,研究不同隧道开挖方式对建筑物桩基和地面移动的影响。分析表明,RFPA~(2D)系统是研究地表移动和破坏机理的适用工具。

滦县M_L=4.8地震的局部多台数字记录

据中国数字地震台网测定,2004年1月20日16时34分11.9秒在滦县发生了ML=4.8的地震,震中位于东经118.77°,北纬39.71°,震源深度H=10km。尽管地震造成的破坏轻微,但有感范围较大,在秦皇岛市、青龙县、北京市、廊坊市、天津市等地均有震感。这次地震使震中及其附近地区的5台数字强震仪触发,记录了5组3分量数字加速度记录。本文对这次地震事件、地震地质概况作了简要介绍,并就台站(阵)基本背景资料、数字强震仪主要技术指标作了详细说明。最后,对获取的15条数字加速度记录作了初步处理分析,如基线校正、加速度峰值计算、傅里叶谱及反应谱计算等。

发育生物学中模式形成的力学模型

对所有多细胞生物体而言,其个体发育均涉及由初始的单个细胞开始,经过在时间和空间上细胞有序地增殖、凋亡、分化、迁移等诸多过程,并最终生成物种特异的生物模式.对模式形成的机制的探讨一直是发育生物学的中心课题.目前已就这个问题积累了大量的分子生物学、生物化学、数学、力学等多学科的研究数据并提出了一些模式形成的理论,然而,迄今为止,模式形成的真正机制仍然很不清楚而需进一步的深入探索.本文简要介绍了生物发育过程中模式形成的一些典型的力学模型,重点在于力学模型的建立及其模型本身的介绍,而对其数值模拟和具体应用很少涉及.

湍流射流理论与计算

板壳断裂力学

本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值；介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。

目录

燃烧物理学基础

第四届全国环境力学研讨会简介

由于社会与经济可持续发展的重要需求,近年来环境力学研究得到迅速发展,成为力学学科一个新的重要生长点.

Ejection of energetic photoelectrons in laser-induced autoionisation: effects of high-order ionisation processes

Resonant interaction of an autoionising state with a strong laser field is considered and effects of second-order ionisation processes are investigated. The authors show that these processes play a very important role in laser-induced autoionisation (LIA). They drastically affect the lowest-order peaks in the photoelectron spectrum. In addition to these peaks, high-order peaks due to ejection of energetic photoelectrons appear. For the laser intensities of current interest, second-order peaks are much stronger than the original ones, an important result that, they believe, can be observed experimentally. Moreover, `peak switching', a general feature of above-threshold ionisation, is also manifest in the electron spectrum of LIA.

Group velocity of the light pulse in an open V-type system

We investigate the group velocity of the probe light pulse in an open V-type system with spontaneously generated coherence. We find that, not only varying the relative phase between the probe and driving pulses can but varying the atomic exit rate or incoherent pumping rate also can manipulate dramatically the group velocity, even make the pulse propagation switching from subluminal to superluminal; the subliminal propagation can be companied with gain or absorption, but the superluminal propagation is always companied with absorption. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Existence of the transverse relaxation time in optically excited bulk semiconductors

Two basic types of depolarization mechanisms, carrier-carrier (CC) and carrier-phonon (CP) scattering, are investigated in optically excited bulk semiconductors (3D), in which the existence of the transverse relaxation time is proven based on the vector property of the interband transition matrix elements. The dephasing rates for both CC and CP scattering are determined to be equal to one half of the total scattering-rate-integrals weighted by the factors (1 - cos chi), where chi are the scattering angles. Analytical expressions of the polarization dephasing due to CC scattering are established by using an uncertainty broadening approach, and analytical ones due to both the polar optical-phonon and non-polar deformation potential scattering (including inter-valley scattering) are also presented by using the sharp spectral functions in the dephasing rate calculations. These formulas, which reveal the trivial role of the Coulomb screening effect in the depolarization processes, are used to explain the experimental results at hand and provide a clear physical picture that is difficult to extract from numerical treatments.

Fetntosecond pulse shaping with space-to-time conversion based on planar optics

We propose a novel structure of planar optical configuration for implementation of the space-to-time conversion for femtosecond pulse shaping. The previous apparatuses of femtosecond pulse shaping are 4f Fourier-transforming type system that is usually large, expensive, difficult to align. The planar integration of free-space optical systems on solid substrates is an optical module with the attractive advantages of compact, reliable and robust. This apparatus is analyzed in details and the design of the particular lens for femtosecond pulse shaping based on planar optics is presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.