Michelson干涉仪式光纤空气声传感器

介绍了一种用于直升机等低空目标探测的光纤空气声传感器.该传感器基于光纤Michelson干涉仪的原理,结合弹性盘片的应力应变理论分析和光纤粘接的工艺设计,采用相位载波解调技术进行信号解调.对比实验测试验证了这种声音探测技术可行性.传感器理论灵敏度为2.38 rad/Pa,实测灵敏度为1.5 rad/Pa,采用PGC相位解调理论最小可探测的最小声信号为6.7 μPa,即9.5 dB.传感器在20～300 Hz范围内响应基本平坦.结合声音传播规律分析并肯定其在实用中的可行性.

黄土高原分形沟网研究

推测认为黄土高源沟网具有分形性。根据Hoton定律推导沟网分维计算式 ,确定沟网分形结构 ,分形理论求算得小流域沟网的分维D =1.9接近于平面空间时的D =2理论值。统计分析发现流域边界周长、长轴、短轴、长短轴比、汇合角等地貌指标随流域面积的变化。从而证明黄土高源流域的自相似性

有机物料中有机碳和有机氮的分解进程及分解残留率

在中国科学院沈阳生态站(埋袋法)和海伦站(砂滤管法)研究了不同有机物料中有机碳和有机氮的矿化进程、分解残留率和C/N的动态变化.结果表明:有机物料中有机碳和有机氮的分解进程可分为快、慢2个阶段;各有机物料中有机氮的矿化速率均明显低于有机碳,因而其残留率高于有机碳;有机物料C/N的下降速率也可分为快、慢2个阶段.经3～5年分解后,各种有机物料残留物的C/N趋于稳定:低C/N有机物料(猪粪)残留物的C/N值接近土壤腐殖质的C/N,约为10,已完成其腐殖化过程;高C/N有机物料残留物的C/N值处于适宜微生物活动的25左右,利于增加土壤有机质、培肥土壤.

Novel PPV-based light-emitting copolymers containing triazole moiety

Two new light-emitting PPV-based copolymers bearing electron-withdrawing triazole unit in the main chain have been synthesized by Wittig reaction between triazole diphosphonium salt and the corresponding dialdehyde monomers, respectively. Their optical and physical properties are characterized by UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL), TGA and DSC. The resulting copolymers are highly soluble in common organic solvents and have high Tg and Td values. They show blue-greenish fluorescence in solution (lambda(max) 502 and 508 nm) and green fluorescence in the solid state (lambda(max) 520 and 526 nm), respectively.

16-and 18-electron Cp*Rh complexes with 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecabofane(12)-1,2-dichalcogenolato ligands, as studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance

The reaction of [Cp*RhCl2](2) 1 with dilithium 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12)-1,2-dithiolate (a) and -diselenolate (b) afforded the 16-electron rhodium(III) half-sandwich complexes Cp*Rh[E2C2(B10H10)] [E=S (3a), Se (3b)]. The 18-electron trimethylphosphane rhodium(III) half-sandwiches Cp*Rh(PMe3)[E2C2(B10H10)] 4a-c were prepared from the reaction of Cp*RhCl2(PMe3) 2 with the same dichalcogenolates, including the ditelluride (c). The complexes 4a,b could also be obtained from the reaction of 3a,b with trimethylphosphane. The molecular geometry of 4b was determined by X-ray structural analysis. The 16-electron complexes 3 an monomeric in solution as shown by multinuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-, B-11-, C-13-, P-31- Se-77-, Rh-103-, Te-125-NMR). also in comparison with the data for the trimethylphosphane analogues 4a-c and for 6a in which the rhodium bears the eta(5)-1,3-C5H3 Bu-t(2) ligand. The Rh-103 nuclear shielding is reduced by 831 ppm (3a) and 1114 ppm (3b) with respect to the 18-electron complexes 4a,b. Similarly, the Se-77 nuclear shielding in 3b is reduced by 676.4 ppm with respect to that in 4b. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

维生素B_1对细胞色素C电化学反应的影响

本文探讨了细胞色素C在维生素B_1修饰金电极上的电化学反应,结果表明维生素B_1是细胞色素C电化学反应很好的促进剂而且它的促进作用与金电极表面维生素B_1分子数量相关。

大型海藻龙须菜与赤潮微藻营养竞争的研究

近年来，陆源污染物的排放以及近海养殖废水对海洋的污染日趋加重，近岸水体的富营养化程度日益严重，有害赤潮暴发的频率和规模都有逐渐增加之势。作为一种新兴的生物防治方法，利用大型海藻与赤潮生物间的营养竞争因为其综合效益而越来越受到人们的重视。本论文研究了大型海藻龙须菜分别与涵盖了甲藻、针胞藻和硅藻在内的5种赤潮微藻之间营养竞争的情况，结果发现由于龙须菜对环境中营养盐的竞争利用，导致了共培养体系中的各目标微藻的生长增殖均受到了明显抑制。在此基础上，以一种常见的赤潮微藻——锥状斯氏藻为目标微藻，详细研究了其与龙须菜营养竞争的情况以及二者的营养吸收动力学，结果发现当起始生物量比相对较低时，共培养体系中锥状斯氏藻细胞密度的下降是因为龙须菜竞争吸收利用水体中的NO3-；当起始生物量比相对较高时，除去营养竞争之外尚存在其他因素，进一步的研究发现，龙须菜主要通过细胞直接接触来抑制锥状斯氏藻的生长。营养吸收动力学参数显示，锥状斯氏藻对硝酸盐的最大吸收速率高于龙须菜，而且前者可以更好的适应低硝酸盐环境，龙须菜从共培养体系中胜出是因为其储存营养盐的能力更强，因此能够适应贫营养环境。而龙须菜通过竞争吸收利用环境中的营养盐，使共培养体系中的锥状斯氏藻储存于体内的营养盐含量降低，这是共培养时后者的生长受到抑制的重要原因。此外，我们还研究了培养液起始氮磷比以及半连续培养条件下龙须菜与锥状斯氏藻的竞争情况，结果发现当磷限制时，龙须菜对锥状斯氏藻可以表现出促进作用，其他情况下龙须菜则对锥状斯氏藻表现出抑制作用，当氮磷比为Redfield值时龙须菜对锥状斯氏藻的生长影响最小，这可能因为锥状斯氏藻最适合生长的氮磷比也为16:1。半连续培养时，当培养液起始硝酸盐浓度为10μmol•L-1，龙须菜起始密度为0.2gFW•L-1时，龙须菜对锥状斯氏藻的生长表现为促进作用，其余条件下则表现为抑制作用；起始营养盐条件不同时，当起始硝酸盐浓度为50μmol•L-1时龙须菜的抑制作用与起始生物量比的相关性更明显，这可能由于相对锥状斯氏藻，龙须菜更适于营养盐浓度较高的环境。

低氧对新生大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素发育的影响

本文研究模拟高原低氧下新生和胚胎大鼠发育时,下丘脑内促肾上腺皮质激素(CRF) 及垂体环磷酸腺苷(cAMP) 水平的变化。结果表明:5km 海拔高度抑制下丘脑CRF 的发育,当发育至25天和30天时,CRF含量分别为对照组的64. 8 %和57. 9 %。此时,体重分别为47. 8 %和52. 9 %。30 天时,cAMP为20. 8 %。本研究还显示,在7km 海拔高度,已怀孕大鼠难以完成正常的妊娠和胎儿发育过程,5km 海拔高度暴露17 天时,胚胎脑内CRF 含量高于对照。

Soil organic carbon storage and soil CO2 flux in the alpine meadow ecosystem

High-resolution sampling, measurements of organic carbon contents and C-14 signatures of selected four soil profiles in the Haibei Station situated on the northeast Tibetan Plateau, and application of C-14 tracing technology were conducted in an attempt to investigate the turnover times of soil organic carbon and the soil-CO2 flux in the alpine meadow ecosystem. The results show that the organic carbon stored in the soils varies from 22.12x10(4) kg C hm(-2) to 30.75x10(4) kg C hm(-2) in the alpine meadow ecosystems, with an average of 26.86x10(4) kg C hm(-2). Turnover times of organic carbon pools increase with depth from 45 a to 73 a in the surface soil horizon to hundreds of years or millennia or even longer at the deep soil horizons in the alpine meadow ecosystems. The soil-CO2 flux ranges from 103.24 g C m(-2) a(-1) to 254.93 gC m(-2) a(-1), with an average of 191.23 g C m(-2) a(-1). The CO2 efflux produced from microbial decomposition of organic matter varies from 73.3 g C m(-2) a(-1) to 181 g C m(-2) a(-1). More than 30% of total soil organic carbon resides in the active carbon pool and 72.8%. 81.23% of total CO2 emitted from organic matter decomposition results from the topsoil horizon (from 0 cm to 10 cm) for the Kobresia meadow. Responding to global warming, the storage, volume of flow and fate of the soil organic carbon in the alpine meadow ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau will be changed, which needs further research.

青藏高原及邻区面波频散反演--岩石圈-软流层体系结构研究

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lies in the place of the continent-continent collision between Indian and Eurasian plates. Because of their interaction the shallow and deep structures are very complicated. The force system forming the tectonic patterns and driving tectonic movements is effected together by the deep part of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. It is important to study the 3-D velocity structures, the spheres and layers structures, material properties and states of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere for getting knowledge of their formation and evolution, dynamic process, layers coupling and exchange of material and energy. Based on the Rayleigh wave dispersion theory, we study the 3-D velocity structures, the depths of interfaces and thicknesses of different layers, including the crust, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere, the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. The following tasks include: (1)The digital seismic records of 221 seismic events have been collected, whose magnitudes are larger than 5.0 over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. These records come from 31 digital seismic stations of GSN , CDSN、NCDSN and part of Indian stations. After making instrument response calibration and filtering, group velocities of fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves are measured using the frequency-time analysis (FTAN) to get the observed dispersions. Furthermore, we strike cluster average for those similar ray paths. Finally, 819 dispersion curves (8-150s) are ready for dispersion inversion. (2)From these dispersion curves, pure dispersion data in 2°×2° cells of the areas (18°N-42°N, 70°E-106°E) are calculated by using function expansion method, proposed by Yanovskaya. The average initial model has been constructed by taking account of global AK135 model along with geodetic, geological, geophysical, receiving function and wide-angle reflection data. Then, initial S-wave velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle in the research areas have been obtained by using linear inversion (SVD) method. (3)Taking the results of the linear inversion as the initial model, we simultaneously invert the S wave velocities and thicknesses by using non-linear inversion (improved Simulated Annealing algorithm). Moreover, during the temperature dropping the variable-scale models are used. Comparing with the linear results, the spheres and layers by the non-linear inversion can be recognized better from the velocity value and offset. (4)The Moho discontinuity and top interface of the asthenosphere are recognized from the velocity value and offset of the layers. The thicknesses of the crust, lithosphere and asthenosphere are gained. These thicknesses are helpful to studying the structural differentia between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas and among geologic units of the plateau. The results of the inversion will provide deep geophysical evidences for studying deep dynamical mechanism and exploring metal mineral resource and oil and gas resources. The following conclusions are reached by the distributions of the S wave velocities and thicknesses of the crust, lithosphere and asthenosphere, combining with previous researches. (1)The crust is very thick in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, varying from 60 km to 80 km. The lithospheric thickness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is thinner (130-160 km) than its adjacent areas. Its asthenosphere is relatively thicker, varies from 150 km to 230 km, and the thickest area lies in the western Qiangtang. India located in south of Main Boundary thrust has a thinner crust (32-38 km), a thicker lithosphere of about 190 km and a rather thin asthenosphere of only 60 km. Sichuan and Tarim basins have the crust thickness less than 50km. Their lithospheres are thicker than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their asthenospheres are thinner. (2)The S-wave velocity variation pattern in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system has band-belted distribution along east-westward. These variations correlate with geology structures sketched by sutures and major faults. These sutures include Main Boundary thrust (MBT), Yarlung-Zangbo River suture (YZS), Bangong Lake-Nujiang suture (BNS), Jinshajiang suture (JSJS), Kunlun edge suture (KL). In the velocity maps of the upper and middle crust, these sutures can be sketched. In velocity maps of 250-300 km depth, MBT, BNS and JSJS can be sketched. In maps of the crustal thickness, the lithospheric thickness and the asthenospheric thickness, these sutures can be still sketched. In particular, MBT can be obviously resolved in these velocity maps and thickness maps. (3)Since the collision between India and Eurasian plate, the “loss” of surface material arising from crustal shortening is caused not only by crustal thickening but also by lateral extrusion material. The source of lateral extrusion lies in the Qiangtang block. These materials extrude along the JSJS and BNS with both rotation and dispersion in Daguaiwan. Finally, it extends toward southeast direction. (4)There is the crust-mantle transition zone of no distinct velocity jump in the lithosphere beneath the Qiangtang Terrane. It has thinner lithosphere and developed thicker asthenosphere. It implies that the crust-mantle transition zone of partial melting is connected with the developed asthenosphere. The underplating of asthenosphere may thin the lithosphere. This buoyancy might be the main mechanism and deep dynamics of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet hinterland. At the same time, the transport of hot material with low velocity intrudes into the upper mantle and the lower crust along cracks and faults forming the crust-mantle transition zone.