溶胶—凝胶法制备LaMO_3超微粉末(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)

使用溶胶—凝胶法低温合成多组分氧化物玻璃的详细工艺已有报导。我们亦成功地用该法制备出了钕玻璃薄膜和钕玻璃纤维。本文报道利用此法低温合成LaCrO_3、LaMnO_3、LaFeO_3、LaCoO_3、LaNiO_3超微粉末的研究结果。

Ni顺1.4一聚丁二烯的形态结构

本文选用不同微观结构、不同分子量、支化度及不同交联度的Ni-PB,用电子显微镜研究了其室温的聚集状态及低温下的结晶行为。讨论了其结构与性能的关系。

异菸酸十六烷酯作中性载体的镍离子选择电极

本文报道了一种镍离子选择性电极,它以我们合成的异菸酸十六烷酯作中性载体,该电极对浓度范围为10~(-1)～8×10~(-5)mol/L的镍离子有线性响应,斜率为-25.5±0.4 mV/pC_((Ni)~(2+))(20℃).相对于钠、钾、锂、钙、锡、铁、钴、铜离子的选择性系数分别为:8.1×1~(-5)、8.6×10~(-5)、8.2×10~(-5)、4.1×10~(-3)、7.5×10~(-4)、3.2×10~(-2)、8.0×10~(-2)、4.4×10~(-1).电极重现性优良,响应较快,用交流阻抗法研究了电极膜的传导机理,实验结果表明电极过程受扩散过程控制。

Li-Ni-Y-O系复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联的研究

本文考察了用于甲烷氧化偶联反应的Li-Ni-Y-O系复合氧化物催化剂的组成、制备条件以及各反应条件对反应活性的影响,考察了催化剂的稳定性,并利用XRD对此系列催化剂进行了结构表征。

稀土Ziegler-Natta催化剂的结构和活性

自六十年代初沈之荃等首次用稀土Ziegler-Natta催化剂聚合共轭双烯以来,人们对这类催化剂进行了大量的研究。结果表明,稀土催化剂具有许多独特的优点,不但能将丁二烯和异戊二烯聚合成顺式含量很高的均聚物,而且也能将这两种单体聚合成每一种单体链节的顺式含量都很高的共聚物,这是Ti,Co,Ni等催化体系所没有的;但是,

萃取-非水介质氢化物发生-ICP-AES中的干扰及Ni-Fe基合金的分析

本文结合溶剂萃取研究了非水介质中氢化物发生-ICP-AES的分析条件、干扰等因素的影响。利用KI~+H_2SO_4/MIBK萃取体系将As,Sb,Bi萃取到MIBK中而与基体元素分离,然后将该有机相与甲酸按等体积混合后,即可直接进行氢化物发生-ICP-AES分析。还对影响萃取和氢化物发生的一些因素及共存元素的干扰进行了讨论。该方法应用于Ni-Fe基合金中As和Sb的分析,取得了较满意的结果。

Alteration of metallothionein mRNA in bay scallop Argopecten irradians under cadmium exposure and bacteria challenge

Metallothionein (MT) is a superfamily of cysteine-rich proteins contributing to metal metabolism, detoxification of heavy metals, and immune response such as protecting against ionizing radiation and antioxidant defense. A metallothionein (designated AiMT2) gene was identified and cloned from bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. The full length cDNA of AiMT2 consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) of 333 bp encoding a protein of 110 amino acids. with nine characteristic Cys-X-Cys, five Cys-X-X-Cys, five Cys-X-X-X-Cys and two Cys-Cys motif arrangements and a conserved structural pattern Cys-x-Cys-x(3)-Cys-Tyr-x(3)Cys-x-Cys-x(3)-Cys-x-Cys-Arg at the C-terminus. The cloned ANT showed about 50% identity in the deduced amino acid sequence with previously published MT sequences of mussels and oysters. The conserved structural pattern and the close phylogenetic relationship of AiMT2 shared with MTs from other mollusc especially bivalves indicated that AiMT2 was a new member of molluscan MT family. The mRNA transcripts in hemolymph of AiMT2 under cadmium (Cd) exposure and bacteria challenge were examined by real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of AiMT2 was up-regulated to 3.99-fold at 2 h after Listonella anguillarum challenge, and increased drastically to 66.12-fold and 126.96-fold at 16 and 32 h post-challenge respectively. Cadmium ion exposure could induce the expression of AiMT2, and the expression level increased 2.56-fold and 6.91-fold in hemolymph respectively after a 10-day exposure of 100 mu g L-1 and 200 mu g L-1 CdCl2. The sensitivity of AiMT2 to bacteria challenge and cadmium stress indicated it was a new Cd-dependent MT in bay scallop and also regulated by an immune challenge. The changes in the expression of AiMT2 could be used as an indicator of exposure to metals in pollution monitoring programs and oxidative stress, and bay scallop as a potential sentinel organism for the cadmium contamination in aquatic environment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Investigation of heavy metals in sediments and Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum from Jiaozhou Bay, China

Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) and sediments were collected bimonthly during 2007 at five locations in Jiaozhou Bay near Qingdao, China, to determine heavy metal concentrations and to assess the validation of R. philippinarum as a metal biomonitor. Concentrations of heavy metals in clam soft tissues ranged between 0.75 and 3.31, 0.89 and 15.20, 5.70 and 26.03, 52.12 and 110.33, 10.30 and 72.34, 9.64 and 28.60, and 3.15 and 52.75 mu g g (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) dry weight for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ni, respectively. Most of the highest values occurred at the northeast bay and the lowest values occurred at the western part. Regarding seasonal variation, relatively high tissue metal concentrations were observed during October or December. A similar pattern was also found in habitat sediments. There was a strong correlation between the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ni in soft tissues and surrounding sediments. It is indicated that R. philippinarum could be used as a biomonitor for heavy metal contamination in Jiaozhou Bay.

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of cluster compound {[Ni(enMe)(2)][SiW12O40]}[Ni(enMe)(2)(H2O)(2)](2) center dot 3H(2)O

the novel One-dimensional chain structure of the title cluster compound was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, TGA and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The title cluster compound crystallized in a monochnic system with space group C2/c, a = 1.2656 nm, b = 2.20656 (4) nm, c =2.26763 (4) nm, beta = 92.078 degrees, V = 6.32852 (16) nm(3), Z = 4, D-c = 3.801 g/cm(3), A = 2.271 mm(-1), F(000) = 6512, R-1= 0.0549, wR(2) = 0.1087. The structure building block of the structure is the polyanion [SiW12O40](6-) with alpha-Keggin structure. The clusters were linked together with one-dimensional infinite chain through [ Ni ( enMe) (2)] (2+) cations. The [ Ni ( enMe) (2) ( H2O) (2)] (2+) cations and water molecules were filled in the structure. The cluster compound was expanded to three-dimensional framework by hydrogen bond interactions among molecules.

海藻酸钙固定混合SRB菌群生物吸附Ni^2＋的动力学

利用海藻酸钙为载体包埋固定化硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）混合菌群，研究了固定化微生物吸附重金属镍离子的动力学特性．结果表明：固定化混合SRB菌群对Ni^2＋具有良好的吸附性能，最大吸附容量qm高达931．9mg（Ni^2＋）／g（SRB）颗粒，是一种颇具应用前景的生物吸附剂．固定化SRB吸附Ni^2＋的动力学过程可以用准二次动力学方程描述，整个吸附过程可以明显地分为两个阶段，即物理化学吸附阶段和生物沉淀阶段．扩散动力学研究表明，固定化颗粒的内扩散并非是唯一控制吸附速率的机制，整个吸附过程涉及到多种吸附机制．

硫化物熔离对岩浆硫化物含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响——以金川岩体为例

为探讨硫化物熔离对含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响，在前人橄榄石结晶硫化物熔离模型的基础上，定量模似计算了分离结晶过程中橄榄石Ni含量，并将其应用于金川橄榄石成园研究。研究表明，部分橄榄石落于无硫化物熔离橄榄石结晶趋势线下方，暗示其母岩浆为S饱和。根据模拟计算S饱和母岩浆橄榄石分离结晶趋势线，指出金川深部岩浆房中母岩浆橄榄石的分离结晶程度小于或等于3％，而由橄榄石结晶所导致熔离的硫化物熔体与橄榄石之间质量比约为40。

峨眉山大火成岩省Ni-Cu-PGE矿床矿化类型变异机理研究

在峨眉山大火成岩省（ELIP）产出许多岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE岩浆硫化物矿床，如金宝山、杨柳坪、力马河、白马寨，以及大槽－阿布郎当矿化岩体。根据成矿元素组成特征，这些矿床可以区分为多种不同矿化类型，有以铂族元素为主贫铜镍的矿床，如金宝山Pt-Pd矿床；有含较高铂族元素和铜镍的矿床，如杨柳坪Ni-Cu-PGE矿床；也有贫铂族元素富铜镍的矿床，以力马河和白马寨Ni-Cu矿床最为典型。造成峨眉山大火成岩省中Ni-Cu-PGE岩浆硫化物矿床矿化类型变异的原因是什么？它们的母质岩浆性质如何，产生于怎样的熔融程度？既然能形成岩浆硫化物矿床，造成硫化物熔离的原因有哪些，什么因素起到了关键作用？这些矿化类型多样的Ni-Cu-PGE矿床的成矿岩浆有何差异？产生差异的原因是什么？带着这些疑问，通过借鉴国内外Ni-Cu-PGE岩浆硫化物矿床研究的经验，本文以金宝山铂钯矿、力马河镍矿及大槽－阿布郎当岩体的地球化学研究为基础，结合近几年来前人对杨柳坪，白马寨等矿床的系统研究，本文试图解决上述疑问。现在取得的主要认识有： 1） 根据成矿元素组成特征，可以把峨眉山大火成岩省中（ELIP）存在的Ni-Cu-PGE岩浆硫化物矿床分成多种不同的矿化类型，包括PGE矿床（例如金宝山Pt-Pd矿），Ni-Cu-PGE矿床（例如杨柳坪矿床），Ni-Cu矿床（例如力马河和白马寨矿床），以及弱矿化或不含矿的超镁铁质堆晶岩体（例如大槽－阿布郎当岩体）。通过对ELIP中几种类型Cu-Ni-PGE矿床成矿母岩浆的研究发现，它们均具有类似峨眉山苦橄岩的成分特征，表明母岩浆形成于较高程度的地幔部分熔融，并富集Ni和PGE。 2）硫化物熔离的多阶段性是导致矿床类型变异的一个重要因素。早期结晶矿物的分离结晶导致了金宝山母岩浆出现S的饱和，少量的浸染状硫化物被携带进入岩浆通道中发生了沉淀，继续富集PGE，形成了金宝山矿体。杨柳坪的母岩浆先发生了少量早期硫化物熔离丢失，PGE弱亏损的岩浆在后期上升过程中由于强烈的地壳混染，发生了大量硫化物熔离并发生堆积，形成杨柳坪矿体。力马河和白马寨的母岩浆在早期发生了较多的硫化物丢失，PGE强烈亏损的岩浆发生了二次以上的硫化物熔离，形成了力马河和白马寨矿体。 3） R因子（岩浆与熔离硫化物的比例）是决定ELIP中Cu-Ni-PGE矿床矿化类型变异的重要因素。金宝山矿床具有极高的R值（＞10000），杨柳坪和朱布矿床具有中等的R值（2000~5000），而力马河矿床近似为在经过R=2000的硫化物熔离之后，残余岩浆再经过R=200的硫化物熔离。 4） 地壳混染程度的差异可能是造成ELIP中Ni-Cu-PGE矿床矿化类型发生变异的关键因素。金宝山矿床的地壳混染程度较低，可能主要是早期橄榄石和铬铁矿的分异结晶导致了岩浆中硫化物出现了饱和。对于大槽－阿布郎当矿化岩体，只是在岩体边缘的局部出现了硫化物熔离，可能是围岩混染造成的。对于杨柳坪Ni-Cu-PGE矿床、力马河和白马寨Ni-Cu矿床，从微量元素蛛网中明显的Nb-Ta负异常，高放射成因187Os丰度的初始Os同位素组成（γOs(t)=100~120），S同位素等反映出显著的地壳混染，因而出现大量硫化物熔离。