激光晶体YAG:Er中的浓度效应

本文讨论了激光晶体YAG:Er中Er~(3+)浓度效应所引起的晶体结构畸变,Er~(3+)离子高激发态(~4S_(3/2),~4F_(9/2)和~2H_(11/2)能级)的发光与浓度猝灭,~4I_(11/2)→I_(13/2)自饱和跃迁和激光波长红移的变化规律。

二(2-乙基己基)膦酸萃取Er(Ⅲ)的动力学和机理

H(DEHP)是HEH(EHP)和HDEHP的同系物,它们的结构分别为:HDEHP,(GO)_2PO(OH);HEH(EHP),(GO)(G)PO(OH);H(DEHP),(G)_2PO(OH)。其中G为2-乙基已基。 希土元素萃取分离工艺化学表明,溶剂萃取希土元素对酸度的依赖关系及相邻希土元素间的分离因素值是选择萃取剂时应优先考虑的因素。HDEHP萃取剂对中、重希士元素反萃酸度高,HEH(EHP)是一个优良萃取剂,但对Er,Tm,Yb,Lu的反萃仍需5mol/l的酸。由于H(DEHP)分子中不含酯氧原子,使得它的pK_a值比HDEHP和HEH(EHP)的高。从而,用H(DEHP)萃取希土元素时需要的水相酸度更低,反萃更容易。而且H(DEHP)

RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的结构和某些性质的变化趋势

本文用X射线衍射、碘量法,扫描电镜等手段系统地研究了RBa_2Cu_3O_7-δ[R=La、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Er、Yb、(DyYb)]化合物的结构和某些性质(如氧含量、Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)等)随稀土离子半径的变化规律。发现随着稀土离子半径的减少,晶胞参数(a、b、c、v)几乎线性降低,Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)(％)、氧含量(7-δ)、正交畸变(a-b)几乎线性增加,XRD图谱中001峰加强,SEM像中晶形更加完整。

交联共聚物(ER-PEO)及其与NaSCN络合物的结构研究

环氧树脂(ER)与聚环氧乙烷(PEO)的共混物经水/乙醇萃取后的剩余物为交联ER-PEO非晶共聚物。萃取分析表明,ER/PEO中约有50wt·％的PEO与ER形成ER-PEO交联共聚物。ER/PEO与NaSCN络合后,由于Na~+的配位络合作用,使结晶能力进一步降低。

YP_5O_(14):Er~(3+),Tm~(3+)晶体的合成

研究了水热法合成晶体,浓度配比、生长温度对晶体生长习性的影响.合成了一系列化学计量比的Y_(1-x-0.3)Er_(0.3)Tm_xP_5O_(14)(x=0.01～0.1)晶体,观察和分析了晶体的缺陷及成因,测定和讨论了晶体结构.

激光晶体YAG中Er~(3+)的辐射跃迁

本文讨论和分析了激光晶体YAG中Er~(3+)离子的激光上能级的~4S_(3/2)、~4I_(11/2)和~4I_(13/2)辐射跃迁的有关因素。

LaMSb_2O_7:R~(3+)(M=Li,Na,K;R=Eu,Dy,Bi)的合成、组成、结构及发光性能

研究了激活离子Eu~(3+),Dy~(3+)和Bi~(3+)在具有相同结构的LaMSb_2O_7(M=Li,Na,K)中的发光特性,得到了发白光的磷光体LaNaSb_2O_7:Dy~(3+)。讨论了化学键的共价程度对Eu~(3+)和Dy~(3+)超灵敏跃迁强度比的影响。发现当用281nm激发试样时,Bi~(3+)对Eu~(3+)具有敏化作用并解释了其原因。

助熔剂法合成RPO_4(R=La、Ce、Tb)晶体的研究

本文研究了以(NH_4)_2HPO_4-Li_2CO_3-MoO_3(PbF_2)为助熔剂合成 RPO_4(R=La~(3+),Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+))晶体的工艺,测试和分析了晶胞参数和晶体结构。对 CePO_4和 TbPO_4晶体的激发光谱和荧光光谱进行了讨论和分析。

Purification of R-phycoerythrin from Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) using expanded-bed absorption

R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) was purified from leafy gametophyte of Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) by a simple, scaleable procedure. Initially, phycobiliproteins were extracted by repeated freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in release from the algal cells by osmotic shock. Next, R-PE was recovered by applying the crude extract with a high concentration of (NH4)(2)SO4 salt directly to the expanded-bed columns loaded with phenyl-sepharose. An expanded-bed volume twice the settled-bed volume was maintained; then low (NH4)(2)SO4 concentration was used to develop the column. After two rounds of hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), R-PE was purified by anion-exchange column. The method was also successful with free-living conchocelis of P. haitanensis. The purified R-PE was identified with electrophoresis, and absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results were in agreement with those previously reported. The yield with a spectroscopic purity (OD565/OD280) higher than 3.2 (the ratio of A(565)/A(620) <= 0.02) was 1.4 mg . g(-1) of leafy gametophyte of P. haitanensis. For the free-living conchocelis of P. haitanensis extract, R-PE could be purified successfully with only one round of HIC. The yield with a spectroscopic purity (OD565/OD280) higher than 3.2 (the ratio of A(565)/A(620) <= 0.02) was 5.0 mg . g(-1) of free-living conchocelis of P. haitanensis. The method described here is a scaleable technology that allows a large quantity of R-PE to be recovered from the unclarified P. haitanensis crude extract. It is also a high protein recovery technology, reducing both processing costs and times, which enhances the value of this endemic Porphyra of China.

One-step chromatography method for efficient separation and purification of R-phycoerythrin from Polysiphonia urceolata

Phycoerythrins have been widely used in food, cosmetics., immunodiagnostics and analytical reagents. An efficient one-step chromatography method for purification of R-phycoerythrins from Polysiphonia urceolata was described in this paper. Pure R-phycoerythrin was obtained with an absorbance ratio A(565)/A(280) of 5.6 and a high recovery yield of 67-33%, using a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography with a gradient elution of pH, alternative to common gradient elution of ionic strength. The absorption spectrum of R-phycoerythrin was characterized with three absorbance maxima at 565, 539 and 498 mum, respectively and the fluorescence emission spectrum at room temperature was measured to be 580nm. The results of native-PAGE. and SDS-PAGE showed no contamination by other proteins in the phycoerythrin solution. which suggests an efficient method for the separation and purification of R-phycoerythrins from Polysiphonia urceolata. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparative studies on the efficiency of energy transfer of two R-phycoerythrin-C-phycocyanin conjugates constructed from sodium periodate and glutaraldehyde respectively

The C-phycocyanin and the R-phycoerythrin were purified from the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis and red alga Polysiphonia urceolata respectively. Both sodium periodate and glutaraldehyde are effective coupling agents being capable of constructing the R-phycoerythrin-C-phycocyanin conjugate, which was also called phycobiliproteins energy transfer model. The two artificial conjugates constructed with different methods were purified by Sephadex G-200 chromatography respectively. Spectra analysis indicated that energy transfer occurred in the two conjugates. The conjugate with sodium periodate had the higher efficiency of energy transfer than that with glutaraldehyde conjugate.

Characterization of the artificially covalent conjugate of B-phycoerythrin and R-phycocyanin and the phycobilisome from Porphyridium cruentum

B-phycoerythrin (BPE) and R-phycocyanin (RPC) were purified from Porphyridium cruentum by Sephadex G-200 chromatography, then the BPE was attached covalently to the RPC by reacting their amino groups to form the artificially covalent BPE-RPC conjugate in which the excitation energy can transfer from the BPE to the RPC with low efficiency. Meanwhile, the intact phycobilisome (PBS) consisting of BPE, RPC, APC and L-CM was isolated and purified from Porphyridium cruentum, and the purified PBS was found to keep intact if the solution contains sucrose. Comparison of spectroscopic properties between the purified PBS and the BPE-RPC conjugate suggests that the BPE-RPC conjugate is much more stable than the purified PBS. The construction of BPE-RPC conjugate with low efficiency of the excitation energy transfer may be useful for preparing phycobiliprotein probes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The experimental research of R-phycoerythrin subunits on cancer treatment: A new photosensitizer in PDT

The mouse tumor cell 5180 and human liver carcinoma cell SMC 7721 cells were first treated with R-PE and its subunits (alpha, beta, gamma subunits), then irradiated with Argon laser (496 nm, 28.8 J/cm(2)). Survival rate was measured by MTT method. In order to compare the phototoxicity in normal cells, the mouse marrow cells were treated with photofrin II and beta-subunit, irradiated with 45 J/cm(2) of light; survival rate was also measured by MTT method. The result showed that R-PE subunits had better PDT effect on s180 cells than R-PE and lower phototoxicity in marrow cells than photofrin II Flow cytometric analysis showed that PDT results in a growth inhibition and a G(0)-G(1) cell cycle arrest in SMC 7721 cells. The tumor cells inhibited by PDT in vivo were morphologically observed by TEM, the tumor cell death was daze to the occlusion of tumor blood vessels and inducement of cell programmed death in nuclei. Therefore, with the advantage in special fluorescence activity, loth molecular weight, good light absorbent character and weak phototoxicity, R-PE subunit is art attractive option for improving the selectivity of PDT.

Large-scale isolation and purification of R-phycoerythrin from red alga Palmaria palmata using the expanded bed adsorption method

R-phycoerythrin, a light-harvesting protein in some marine algae, and can be widely used in medicine, was isolated and purified from a red alga, Palmaria palmata (Lannaeus) Kuntze, using the streamline column (expanded bed adsorption) combined with ion-exchange chromatography. Because the crude extract was applied to the column upwardly, the column would not be blocked by polysaccharides usually very abundant in the extract of marine alga, this kind of blockage could hardly lie overcome in ordinary chromatographic column. After applying the crude extract containing 0.5 mol/L (NH4)(2)SO4, (NH4)(2)SO4 solution of different concentrations (0.2 mol/L, 0.1 mol/L and 0.05 mol/L) was used to elute the column downwardly and the eluates were collected and desalted. The desalted eluates were then applied onto all ion-exchange chromatographic column loaded with Q-sepharose for further purification of the R-phycoerythrin. Through these two steps, the purity (OD565/OD280) of the R-phycoerythrin from P. palmata was up to 3.5, more than 3.2, the commonly accepted criterion for purity, and the yield of the purified R-phycoerythrin could reach 0.122 mg/g of frozen P. palmata, much higher than that of phycobiliproteins purified with the previous methods. The result indicated that the cost of R-phycoerythrin will drop down with the method reported in this article.

In vitro assembly of R-phycoerythrin from marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata

Scanning tunneling microscope was used to investigate the in vitro assembly of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata. The results showed that R-PE molecules assembled together by disc-to-disc while absorbing on HOPG surface, which just looked like the rods in the phycobilisomes. When the water-soluble R-PE was dissolved in 2% ethanol/water spreading solution, they could form monolayer film at the air/water interface. Similar disc-to-disc array of R-PE was constituted in the two-dimensional Langmuir-Blodgett film by the external force. It could be concluded that, apart from the key role of time linker polypeptides, the in vivo assembly of phycobiliproteins into phycobilisomes is also dependent on the endogenous properties of phycobiliprotein themselves.