Reproductive ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial characterized by herkogamy and dichogamy

The combined occurrence of both herkogamy and dichogamy in a hermaphrodite species has been considered to strongly favour outcrossing. In this study, we investigated in detail the reproductive ecology of Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In a series of observations and experiments over four consecutive years, we examined whether the combination of dichogamy and herkogamy in individual flowers completely prevents geitonogamous pollen transfer in this species. The mode of floral development clearly indicates that autonomous self-pollination is completely avoided through herkogamy and dichogamy in individual flowers. This implication was confirmed by the breeding experiments, since no seed was produced when flowers were isolated. However, this gentian proved to be highly self-compatible when geitonogamous selfing was artificially induced. Many flowers opened simultaneously on individual plants, the ratio of male to female phase flowers was close to 2:1 in each inflorescence, at the full anthesis phase, and they were randomly distributed amongst the upper, middle and lower parts of each stem's inflorescence. On average, Bombus sushikini Skorikov, the most frequent visitor and only legitimate pollinator of G. straminea, visited nearly two flowers per inflorescence, and four flowers per plant. Among the pollinators' foraging bouts, the proportions of geitonogamous visits to inflorescences or flowers within an individual plant were 29% and 37%, respectively. Therefore, despite the strict dichogamous and herkogamous characteristics of the individual flowers, geitonogamous selfing might still prevail in G. straininea because of the size of its floral displays and the continuous visiting behavior of B. sushkini. (C) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

云南金顶超大型铅锌矿区镉的地球化学特征及其环境效应

云南金顶铅锌矿是镉元素富集区，采矿活动导致镉元素释放出来进入地表环境造成镉污染。矿区不同岩石中镉分布差异比较大，围岩中镉含量范围在50×10^-6-650×10^-6之间，平均310×10^-6，原生矿中镉含量范围14×10^-6-2800×10^-6，平均767×10^-6，氧化矿中镉含量范围110×10^-6-8200×10^-6，平均1661×10^-6，其平均值最高。氧化矿是镉元素的主要载体和释放源。淋滤实验表明矿石易氧化而释放出镉等有害元素，滤出元素可以迅速发生沉淀或被沉淀物包裹，其能力表现为Zn〉Pb〉Cd。研究结果表明，矿区下游江河段水体中隔的平均值为15.7μg/L，悬浮物中镉平均值为49.3 mg/kg，沉积物中镉平均值为203.7 mg/kg。矿区富镉岩石和矿物的自然风化是造成江水体和沉积物中镉污染的直接原因，对流域水生态环境造成潜在危害.

富镉锌矿成矿流体地球化学研究：以贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿为例

通过对贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿包裹体的研究，发现有一定数量的有机包裹体。该矿床与密西西比河谷型（ＭＶＴ）矿床相似，均属于Ｎａ＾＋－Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｋ＾＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋－Ｃｌ＾－体系，同时，两者在成矿流体温度、盐度和密度方面也有一定差别。该矿床成矿流体组分与油田卤水相似，仅Ｃａ＾２＋和Ｍｇ＾２＋含量偏高，这可能与晚阶段的碳酸盐有关。笔者认为，成矿流体可能与麻江古油藏的油田卤水有关，正是由于油田卤水携带了Ｃｄ

会泽超大型铅锌矿床成矿时代研究

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床由麒麟厂和矿山厂两个独立的铅锌矿床组成。利用两组同源矿物组合Rb-Sr等时线方法测定了麒麟厂6号矿体的成矿时代，测定结果分别为(225．1±2．9)Ma和(225．9±3．1)Ma，根据已知的分布于该矿床北部和西南部分布的峨眉山玄武岩成岩时代为250Ma左右，有多个火山喷发旋回，显示多期次的喷发活动，认为川-滇-黔成矿区内铅锌成矿作用与蛾眉山玄武岩岩浆活动存在成因联系。

三叠纪右江盆地构造-沉积演化

采用沉降分析的"反剥法",建立了三叠纪右江盆地的构造沉降曲线.该曲线具有4个较清楚的代表沉降加速的坡折,这说明在三叠纪华南板块南缘上曾发生过4次明显的构造负荷的叠加过程,这些坡折之间的构造沉降曲线较平缓,说明主要是热沉降造成.通过对盆地沉降史的定量分析和沉积特征研究,认为华南板块南缘在晚二叠世末期开始由离散边缘转为汇聚边缘,右江盆地也随之从裂谷盆地转为前陆盆地.前陆盆地的构造-沉积演化分为三个阶段:(1)早期阶段(晚二叠世长兴末期-中三叠世安尼初期,即251～239 Ma)为初始沉降和非补偿充填阶段;中期阶段(中三叠世安尼早期-晚三叠世卡尼早期,即239～225.5 Ma)主要以浊流沉积充填为特征,并伴有盆缘隆起的形成,且从早到晚盆地沉降中心自南向北推进,而盆缘隆起则由北往南位移;晚期阶段(晚三叠世卡尼晚期-瑞替期,即225.5～210 Ma)盆地由深变浅,并最终被陆相磨拉石沉积覆盖.

Study on thermodynamic properties of polypyromellitimide molding powder

Polypyromellitimide molding powder has been prepared. In the 78-370 K range, the dependence of the specific heat capacity (c(p)) on the temperature (T) is given by the polynomial: c(p)=0.8163+0.4592X+0.02468X(2)+0.1192X(3)+0.05659X(4) (J K-1 g(-1)) where X=(T-225.5)/144.5. Thermal decomposition in air starts at 716 K, and is complete at 1034 K. The standard combustion enthalpy is Delta(c)H=-26.442 kJ g(-1). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Epoxidation of cyclohexene on Ti/SiO2 catalysts prepared by chemical grafting TiCl4 on deboronated silica xerogel

Ti/SiO2 (or Ti/de[B]SiO2) catalysts were prepared by grafting deboronated silica xerogel with gaseous TiCl4. Using TBHP as oxidant, the Ti/de[B]SiO2 catalyst shows both catalytic activity and selectivity in epoxidation of cyclohexene better than 80%, and the activity can be comparable with that of Ti-beta. The catalytic activity of Ti/de[B]SiO2 strongly depends on the content of B of support precursor, and the pretreatment temperature of the support. IR studies show that the sites in the deboronated silica xerogel to react with TiCl4 are not only the silanol nests, but also the defect sites produced during the deboronation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

影响大学生学业成绩的四个重要非智力因素

In the present study, 520 questionnaires about general self–efficacy, achievement goal orientation, learning motivation and time management were delivered to university students. The students were randomly chosen from Communication University of China, Central University of Finance and Economics, Capital University of Business and Economics and Shanxi University. 495 responses were valid , in which 225 majoring in liberal arts and 270 majoring in natural sciences. The influences of these four factors on students’ academic achievements were explored. And the gender differences in General self-efficacy, achievement goal orientation, learning motivation and time management were analyzed in the present study too. It was found that: 1) There were gender difference on academic achievements. The scores’ of female students were higher than males’. 2) Significant gender differences were found in four considered factors which indicated that female students got higher scores than male students; 3) There were close relations between the four considered factors and students’ academic achievements. There were also obvious relations among the four factors. 4) University students’ academic achievements could be well predicted by their general self-efficacy, achievement goal orientation, learning motivation and time management.