Four new species of the Genera Eudesme and Sphaerotrichia (Chordariaceae, Heterokontophyta) from the Chinese Coast

Four new species, Eudesme huanghaiensis Ding et Lu, E. qingdaoensis Ding et Lu, E. shandongensis Ding et Lu and Sphaerotrichia huanghaiensis Ding et Lu, from the western Yellow Sea coast of China are described. Eudesme huanghaiensis is mainly characterized by its spherical or sub-spherical sub-cortical cells, its rhizoidal filaments developing from the basal cells of sub-cortex and its broad sub-cortical and medullary layers. E. qingdaoensis is mainly characterized by its long medullary cells, generally hollow center of the medulla, short sub-cortex with only 3-4 cylindrical cells and long, slender and clavate terminal cells of the rhizoidal filaments. E. shandongensis is mainly characterized by its hollow frond, thick cell walls of both medulla and inner sub-cortical layers and the spherical terminal cells of the rhizoid filaments. Sphaerotrichia huanghaiensis is mainly characterized by its cylindrical, sparsely branched frond with acute angle, and its thick 5-6 layered sub-cortex with long assimilating filaments of 6-10 cells.

植物群落生物量和有机碳对高寒草甸土地利用变化的响应

在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区,选择高寒矮嵩草草甸及其开垦后形成的农田和一年生人工草地作为研究对象,研究了高寒草甸不同土地利用方式下生物量和植物-土壤系统固定的有机碳量的变化。结果表明：3种土地利用方式相比较,地上生物量由高到低依次为人工草地〉农田〉高寒草甸（P〈0.01）,分别为11.83、9.78和4.36 t/hm~2;3种土地利用方式下地下生物量剖面分布均呈倒金字塔形,0～40 cm地下生物量为高寒草甸〉人工草地〉农田（P〈0.01）,分别为15.74、5.61和1.24 t/hm~2。随着高寒草甸土地利用方式改变,植物群落碳素固定量也随之减小,其序列由高到低依次为：高寒草甸〉人工草地〉农田（P〈0.05）,其值分别为7.63、6.81和4.51 t/hm~2。

栽培花锚中抗肝炎活性成分的含量在不同生长期变化的研究

研究了花锚中去甲氧基花锚甙和花锚甙的含量随着不同生长期的变化趋势,为药材的合理栽培和采收提供科学依据.RP-HPLC法,使用VP-ODS C18柱,流动相为乙腈∶磷酸∶水(1‰),梯度洗脱程序:0～5.00 min乙腈的体积分数(以下同)为15%、5.01～14.00 min由15%增至25%、14.01～30.00 min由25%增至40%,流速为1 mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长:254 nm.花锚甙和去甲氧基花锚甙、在花锚全草中的含量在不同生长期有明显变化.

Energy exchange between the atmosphere and a meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

To reveal the potential contribution of grassland ecosystems to climate change, we examined the energy exchange over an alpine Kobresia meadow on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The annual pattern of energy exchange showed a clear distinction between periods of frozen soil with the daily mean soil temperature at 5 cm (T-s5 ≤ 0 ° C) and non-frozen soil (T-s5 > 0 ° C). More than 80% of net radiation was converted to sensible heat (H) during the frozen soil period, but H varied considerably with the change in vegetation during the non-frozen soil period. Three different sub-periods were further distinguished for the later period: (1) the pre-growth period with Bowen ratio (β) > 1 was characterized by a high β of 3.0 in average and the rapid increase of net radiation associated with the increases of H, latent heat (LE) and soil heat; (2) during the Growth period when β ≤ 1, the LE was high but H fluxes was low with β changing between 0.3 and 0.4; (3) the post-growth period with average β of 3.6 when H increased again and reached a second maximum around early October. The seasonal pattern suggests that the phenology of the vegetation and the soil water content were the major factors affecting the energy partitioning in the alpine meadow ecosystem. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of lanthanum on the uptake of trace elements in cucumber plant

The effects of La3+ on the uptake of trace elements (Se, Co, V, and Tc) in cucumber plants were studied by a radioactive multitracer technique. It was observed that the uptake and distribution of these trace elements in roots, stems, and leaves are different under different La3+, treatments. Furthermore, in the control, the plant accumulates Se-75, Co-56, and V-48 all in the order roots>leaves>stems, whereas Tc-95m was in the order leaves>stems>roots. The accumulations of Se-75 and Tc-95m in plants treated with different La3+ concentration were in the same order as those in the control, but the uptakes percentages of other kinds of element changed differently. The results indicate that lanthanum treatments to a growing cucumber lead to the change of uptake of trace elements, which suggest that a rare earth element is directly or indirectly involved in the ion transport of the plant and affects plant growth by regulating the uptake and distribution of elements that influence the plant cell physiology and biochemistry.

链式可变形模块化机器人控制系统研究

随着机器人技术的不断发展，机器人的能力不断提高，其应用的领域和范围正在不断扩展。各式各样的机器人正逐步走入各行各业和社会的各个领域，并在其中发挥着越来越重要的作用，特别是在科学考察、军事侦察、灾难救援等对人类来讲极度危险的领域。它所具有的优势越来越受到世界各国普遍关注和重视，日益成为各国的战略必争装备和竞争核心技术。 应用于危险环境的机器人在作业时往往面对极为复杂的非结构环境。传统的机器人受其自身的机械结构限制，一般不能够适应这种多变的地形。具有改变自身构形能力的机器人的出现，解决了这一问题。国外自80年代开始研究可重构机器人。可重构机器人一般是由多个模块组成，通过模块的数量以及相对位置的变化，使机器人形成新的构形。由于这种机器人在变形时要消耗大量的时间，同时需要计算能力较强的控制单元，因此很难应用于实际作业。 本文叙述了灾难救援机器人的研究和发展现状，并提出了一种新颖的用于灾难救援和军事侦察的可变形机器人。该机器人由三模块组成，通过模块间的关节运动改变自身构形。三模块可变形机器人采用了基于CAN总线的集中式控制系统。本文在论述了机器人控制系统的硬件平台构建后，给出了基于此硬件平台的软件实现。 本文在对三模块可变形机器人的变形机理进行分析和计算的基础上，提出了“协同变形法”改善了机器人的变形过程，使其更为合理。通过协同变形实验验证了改进后变形方法的合理性和优越性；通过转弯实验验证了可变形机器人的机动性能；通过整体变形实验和通过性实验验证了控制系统的可行性以及机器人极强的通过能力。变形机器人基于该控制系统能够完成前进、后退、转向以及变形等运动，运动平滑，系统响应迅速。最后，本文对可变形机器人的发展和后继研究工作进行了展望。

未来十年全球无人无缆自主式潜水器的发展趋势

本文阐述了全球无人无缆自主式潜水器（ＡＵＶ）应用背景和重要性，以及它的开发和应用，同时也阐述了中国的开发现状。最后展望未来十年全球无人无缆自主式潜水器（ＡＵＶ）的发展趋势。

俯冲带深部流体特征——以西南天山变质俯冲杂岩为例

The subduction zone is an important site of the fluid activity and recycling of chemical elements. The fluid characteristic of deep subduction zones is a top scientific problem attracting the petrologists, geochemists and tectonists. In this dissertation, the characteristics of fluid activity within a deep subduction zone have been explored on the basis of the studies on the petrography, mineral chemistry, fluid inclusions, geochemistry and metamorphic P–T conditions of the omphacite-bearing high-pressure veins and related hosts from the low-temperature/high-pressure metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan, China. Multiple high-pressure veins are exposed in host eclogites and blueschists. The veins are composed predominantly of omphacite, garnet, quartz, and other minerals. Some veins contain cm-sized rutiles. In general, the vein can be divided into three types, the ‘in situ dehydration’ vein, the ‘external transport’ vein and the ‘composite’ vein. The omphacites within the veins and related host rocks contain lots of two-phase or three-phase primary fluid inclusions. The final melting temperature (Tfm) of fluid inclusions varies mainly from -0.6 to -4.3 °C, the homogeneous temperature (Th) varies from 185 to 251 °C, the salinity varies from 1.1 to 6.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent and the density varies from 0.81 to 0.9 g/cm3. The fluids were released under the conditions of T = 520–580°C and P = 15–19 kbar at blueschist facies to eclogite facies transition. The fluids include not only Li, Be, LILE, La, Pb-enriched and HFSE- and HREE-depleted aqueous fluids but also HFSE (Ti-Nb-Ta)-rich aqueous fluids. The complex composed of aluminosilicate polymers and F was the catalyst which had caused the Ti-Nb-Ta to be dissolved into the fluids. During the transport of the LILE-rich and HFSE- and HREE-poor fluids, they can exchange some chemical elements with country rocks and leach some trace elements in some extent. The rutile could be precipitated from the HFSE (Ti-Nb-Ta)-rich aqueous fluids when CO2 was added into the fluids. The host rocks could obtain some elements, such as Ca, Cs, Rb, Ba and Th, from the external fluids. The fluids with complex composition had been released within the deep subduction zone (>50 km) in Early Carboniferous during the subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean under the Yili–Central Tianshan Plate. The results obtained in this dissertation have made new progress compared with the published data (e.g. Tatsumi, 1989; Becker et al., 1999; Scambelluri and Philippot, 2001; Manning, 2004; Hermann et al., 2006; Spandler and Hermann, 2006).

安多地区早中侏罗世岩浆岩岩石地球化学和同位素年代学研究及其对构造演化的制约

Anduo area is located in the Central Tibet, the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture. Anduo Block is the northern part of Lhasa terrane. The relationships among the different geological bodies were determined during the 1: 250000 regional geological surveying. Petrography, petrologic geochemistry, isotopic geochemistry and geochronology of igneous rocks from the suture and granitoids from Anduo Block were analyzed systematically as a whole for the first time. Then, their tectonic setting and history are discussed.Anduo ophiolitic melange consists of metamorphic peridotites, cumulates, plagiogranites, sheeted dykes swarm, pillow lava and radiolarian cherts. The concentration of Cr and Ni in the metamorphic peridotites is very high, with Mg# about 0.94 ~ 0.97, higher 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotopic ratios, and lower 143Nd/i44Nd ratio. LREE is enriched relative to HREE and positive Eu anomaly is very clear. The REE distribution curve is U shape. Nb and Ta anomalies from cumulate gabbro and sheeted dyke swarm are not clear, while that are slightly negative from pillow lava. Plagiogranite belongs to strong calc-alkaline series with high Si, middle Al, low Fe, Mg and low K contents. Eu anomaly (~ 1.23) from plagiogranites is slightly positive. The character of all components of ophiolite is similar to that of the MORB, while to some extent the ophiolite was influenced by crustal material. Anduo ophiolite formed in a mature back-arc basin. Additionally, intermediate acidity volcanic rocks within Anduo phiolite melange are island arc calc-alkline rocks related to ocean subduction.The early-middle Jurassic plutonic rocks are tonalite, granodiorite bearing-phenocryst, magaporphyritic hornblende monzogranite, magaporphyritic monzogranite, monzogranite bearing-phenocryst and syenogranite in turn. They belong to calc-alkaline series which developed from middle K to high K series temporally. REE distribution curves of all plutonic rocks are similar and parallel to each other. SREE and negative Eu anomaly values decrease. In the multi-element spider diagram, the curves of different plutons are similar to each other, but troughs of Nb, Sr, P and Ti from young plutons become more evident. This suggests that thereare some closely petrogenetic affinities among plutonic rocks which make up amagma plutonism cycle of the early-middle Jurassic. Magma source is mainly crustal,but abundant mafic microgranular enclaves within granitoids indicate that crastalmagma should be mixed with mantle-derived magma and the mantle-derived magmadecreased subsequently. Tonalite has features of I-type granite, magaporphyriticmonzogranite is transition type, and monzogranite bearing-phenocryst is S-typegranite. The characteristic of granitoids from Anduo Block suggest that the formingtectonic setting is active continental margin.Reliable zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages are obtained in the study area firstly. Plagiogranite from the Anduo ophiolite of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture is 175.1 Ma, and granitoids from Anduo Block is 172.6-185.4 Ma. Additionally, plagioclase from the plagiogranite dates a 40Ar/39Ar age of 144 Ma, while biotite and hornblend from granitoids of Anduo Block give a 163-165 Ma.Similar cooling ages of plagiogranite from the Anduo ophiolitic melange and granitoids from Anduo Block and the spatial distribution of the ophiolitic rocks between Anduo, Naqu, and Shainzha area suggest that bilateral subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic basin took place in the early-middle Jurassic. During this subduction, Anduo ophiolitic rocks were related to north subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic basin and Anduo back-arc basin spreading, while granitoids from Anduo Block were related to south subduction.

饮水氟化预防龋齿及其在中国的实践

龋齿目前已成为严重危害我国人民健康的口腔疾病。国内外大量研究与观察证明饮水氟化是最安全、投入产出比最佳的预防龋齿的公共卫生措施。在广州,1965 年开始进行饮水加氟试点,龋病发病率曾降低约50 % ,停止加氟后,龋病发病率再次上升。目前广州已成为全国龋病病情最为严重的城市。考虑到随着人民生活水平的提高,食品中的糖增加而粗纤维减少;随着经济的发展,水资源严重不足,城市供水正由以含氟较高的地下水为主转为以含氟较低的地面水为主,这种趋势将使我国龋病问题日益严重。在牙医严重不足,公众缺乏口腔卫生、牙齿保健知识的情况下,饮水加氟是最安全、有效、经济的防治措施。推广饮水加氟的工作,应当在科学研究和公众参与下,积极稳妥地进行。

与富碱侵入岩有关的金、铜矿床的成矿流体：氦、氩同位素研究

近年来,对富碱火成岩(如钾玄岩和碱性斑岩)的研究引起了国内外学者的广泛关注.这不仅是因为研究富碱火成岩可以重建研究区的构造背景,也因为近年来发现很多金属矿床与这类岩石有关[1～3].其中,一些世界上规模最大、以火山岩和侵入岩容矿的铜、金矿床都与富碱火成岩关系密切[2].据统计,环太平洋区约20%的大型金矿床都产在这套岩石中或其附近,而这套岩石的体积最多不超过该区域火成岩总体积的3%[3].正是由于有关矿床的巨大的经济意义,驱使人们近年来对富碱火成岩浆活动与成矿的关系进行了许多研究,并取得了重要进展[1～9].但是,也有一些重要问题尚未得到很好解决:如产金与产铜富碱火成岩的异同以及含金与含铜成矿流体的的成因和差异等.

中国早古生代若干高硒黑色岩系中层状硅质岩的地球化学特征及其成因意义

在中国早古生代若干高硒黑色岩系中发育有数层的厚度不等的层状硅质岩，si02含量一般在90％ 以上，岩石富Fe，相对贫Mn、A1、Ti。亲石元素大量亏损，但富典型的热水沉积指示元素Ba、As、Sb，也有一定的铂族元素(PGE)的异常，稀土元素的配分模式呈左倾，有明显的Ce的负异常和轻微的Eu的正异常。63o si值变化范围为一0．7‰ ～1．2‰ ， O值变化范围为17．6％-29．0‰ 。硅质岩的地球化学表明其为热水沉积作用的产物。文章最后讨论了热水成因硅质岩的形成与硒富集的关系，认为形成硅质岩的构造环境可能是地壳深部se得以上升到浅部聚集的前提，而含硅热液则可能是硒的良好的”溶剂”。

最近13万年以来洛川黄土剖面中固定铵态氮的古气候意义

对13万年以来洛川黄土-古土壤序列中固定铵态氮进行了分析。末次间冰期S1占土壤中固定铵态氮含量最高，其次为冰后期S0古土壤，末次冰期形成的马兰黄土最低；而且，固定铵态氮的分布在马兰黄土中也能体现出三次小的低-高值的波动特征。洛川黄土13万年以来固定铵态氮的分布与磁化率和<2μm组分的分布相似。在此基础上，利用马兰黄土中粒度与固定铵态氮的相关关系，计算了S1古土壤中固定铵的分布，并与实测结果进行了对比，推测S1古土壤中固定铵态氮有轻微的损失，尽管如此，S1古土壤中固定铵态氮含量仍然高于黄土。鉴于黄土-古土壤序列中固定铵态氮的分布与粉尘粒度有密切的关系，能与气候变化较好地对应，它可视为反映黄土高原区东亚冬季风强，弱周期性变化较好的替代性指标。

Regeneration behaviors of Fe/Si-2 and Fe-Mn/Si-2 catalysts for C2H6 dehydrogenation with CO2 to C2H4

The catalytic performance of Fe/Si-2 and Fe-Mn/Si-2 catalysts for conversion of C2H6 with CO2 to C2H4 was examined in a continuous-flow and fixed-bed reactor. The results show that the Fe-Mn/Si-2 catalyst exhibits much better reaction activity and selectivity to C2H4 than those of the Fe/Si-2 catalyst. Furthermore, the coking-decoking behaviors of these catalysts were studied through TG. The catalytic performances of the catalysts after regeneration for conversion of C2H6 or dilute C2H6 in FCC off-gas with CO2 to C2H4 were also examined. The results show that both activity and selectivity of the Fe-Mn/Si-2 catalyst after regeneration reached the same level as those of the fresh catalyst, whereas it is difficult for the Fe/Si-2 catalyst to refresh its reaction behavior after regeneration.