278 resultados para 197-1204A


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Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) is an economically important aquaculture species in China; however, frequent mass mortality seriously affects the development of its industry. Genetic linkage map is useful for genetic improvement and selective breeding of C. farreri. Linkage maps were constructed using an intraspecific F-1 cross and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Thirty-two selected AFLP primer combinations produced 545 AFLP markers that were polymorphic in either of the parents and segregated in the progeny. Of these segregating markers, 166 were mapped to 19 linkage groups of the female framework map, covering a total of 1503.9 cM, with an average marker spacing of 10.2 cM; and 197 markers were assigned to 20 linkage groups of the male map, covering a total of 1630.7 cM, with 9.2 cM per marker. A sex-linked marker was mapped on the female map with zero recombination and a LOD of 27.3. The genetic length of C farreri genome was estimated as 1889.0 cM for the female and 1995.9 cM for the male. The coverage of the framework map was calculated as 79.6% for the female and 81.7% for the male. When the triplets and doublets were considered, the observed length of the map was calculated as 1610.2 cM with coverage of 85.2% for the female, and 1880.5 cM with coverage of 94.2% for the male. The genetic maps presented here will serve as a basis for the construction of a high-resolution genetic map and mapping of economically important genes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Internal and surface waves generated by the deformations of the solid bed in a two layer fluid system of infinite lateral extent and uniform depth are investigated. An integral solution is developed for an arbitrary bed displacement on the basis of a linear approximation of the complete description of wave motion using a transform method (Laplace in time and Fourier in space) analogous to that used to study the generation of tsunamis by many researchers. The theoretical solutions are presented for three interesting specific deformations of the seafloor; the spatial variation of each seafloor displacement consists of a block section of the seafloor moving vertically either up or down while the time-displacement history of the block section is varied. The generation process and the profiles of the internal and surface waves for the case of the exponential bed movement are numerically illustrated, and the effects of the deformation parameters, densities and depths of the two layers on the solutions are discussed. As expected, the solutions derived from the present work include as special cases that obtained by Kervella et al. [Theor Comput Fluid Dyn 21:245-269, 2007] for tsunamis cased by an instantaneous seabed deformation and those presented by Hammack [J Fluid Mech 60:769-799, 1973] for the exponential and the half-sine bed displacements when the density of the upper fluid is taken as zero.

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本研究分别于2006、2007年5月在东海沿岸海域22个站位采集牡蛎、贻贝、四角蛤蜊、文蛤、花蛤5种贝类样品,采用荧光分光光度法和气相色谱法检测贝类体内的石油烃(TPHs)和有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs) 含量,分析东海沿岸海域贝类体内的TPHs、HCHs和DDTs的时空分布特征和HCHs、DDTs的组分特征,比较不同贝类体内污染物含量的差异,探讨HCHs和DDTs的来源,并对贝类进行初步海洋生物质量评价和人体健康风险评价。研究结果表明: (1)东海沿岸海域贝类体内TPHs含量范围为0.40 74.40 mg kg-1,平均含量为9.42 mg kg-1;HCHs含量为ND~5.42×10-3mg kg-1,平均含量为1.47×10-3 mg kg-1;DDTs含量为2.09×10-3~197.66×10-3mg kg-1,平均含量为38.05×10-3 mg kg-1。其中,TPHs含量在长江口及邻近海域较高, HCHs和DDTs含量在江苏省的如东、海门和浙江省的各海域含量较高。与2006年相比,2007年贝类体内TPHs含量与2006年基本持平,HCHs含量有稍微降低,但是DDTs含量有明显升高趋势。 (2)HCHs和DDTs组分分析表明,α-HCH和β-HCH占HCHs总量的绝大多数,γ-HCH和δ-HCH仅有极少量检出,大多数区域的α-HCH/γ-HCH比值在4-7之间,说明研究区域内有新的HCHs污染源; DDTs 中O,P’-DDT/P,P'-DDT的比值远高于工业DDTs中O,P’-DDT/P,P'-DDT的比值,分析认为其与周围区域使用三氯杀螨醇密切有关。 (3)贝类体内的TPHs、HCHs和DDTs与水体、沉积物中的相应有机物存在正相关性。相对于TPHs和HCHs,DDTs更容易在贝类体内富集;牡蛎对TPHs和HCHs、DDTs的累积能力明显高于四角蛤蜊和贻贝。 (4)质量评价显示TPHs在局部海域超标,HCHs未超标,DDTs含量超标严重。人体健康风险评估结果显示,东海沿岸海域贝类体内HCHs和DDTs的致癌风险和暴露风险均在可接受的范围之内,消费者因食用监测海域的贝类而受到HCHs和DDTs危害的可能性不大。 (5)与世界其他海域比较表明,东海海域贝类TPHs和HCHs含量处于中等水平, DDTs含量处于比较高的水平。

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近年来,由于对海区不合理的开发,我国浅海贝类筏式养殖接连遭受重创,这亟需从理论上和实践中确定养殖容量和养殖模式。本文在我国北方典型养殖海湾四十里湾对筏式养殖的贝类开展了现场生理生态学研究,对贝类对浮游植物等悬浮颗粒物的处理过程即贝类对颗粒有机物及营养元素C、N、P的摄食、吸收、排泄、排粪和生长进行了剖析,分析了贝类在沿岸养殖生态系中的物质和营养循环中所扮演的角色,为海区贝类养殖容量和养殖模式的最终确定提供了基础数据。另外,本文还对海水、沉积物及生物体中磷的分析方法进行了大量的实验工作。主要结果如下:① 比较系统地评述了双壳贝类的生物沉积(biodeposition)的原理、测定方法及其生态效应。贝类通过生物沉积在沿岸生态系中的物质和营养循环中扮演着重要的角色。国际上已有不少研究专门报道了贝类在海区现场的生物沉积。而在我国,这方面的研究却罕见。② 综述了双壳贝类各种形态的 N 和 P 排泄及其生态效应。对于我国广泛养殖 的栉孔扇贝、海湾扇贝和牡蛎等双壳贝类的TDN、TP排泄尚未见报道。 ③ 在6~7月,在四十里湾的不同养殖海区(8个站位)对扇贝的生物沉积进行了现场测定。在整个四十里湾海区,一龄栉孔扇贝(壳高 41.1±4.1mm,软体干重 0.48±O.10 g/ind))每个每天所产生生物沉积物干重平均为59.9mg,对颗粒有机质(POM)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒有机氮(PON)和颗粒有机磷(POP)的生物沉积速率范围及平均值分别为: 6.88、3.09、0.392 和 0.022mg/ind·d。还在一个站位测定了海湾扇贝(壳高 24.6±2.3mm;软体干重 O.14g/ind)的生物沉积速率为 24.3mg/ind·d,或179.2mg/g·d。不同站位一龄栉孔扇贝的生物沉积速率有较大变化,这主要与饵料浓度不同有关。二龄栉孔扇贝(壳高60.9±8.2mm;软体干重1.91±0.32 g/ind)的生物沉积速率平均为 112.7mg/ind·d,对POM、POC、PON和POP的沉积速率分别是一龄扇贝的1.85倍、1.68倍、1.77倍和2.33倍。养殖海区与非养殖海区比较,前者近海底沉积速率是后者的 1.51~3.47 倍。根据以上数据,作者计算了中等规格栉孔扇贝(用壳高 41.1±4.8mm 扇贝估算)在四十里湾在夏季每天的生物沉积量达 162 吨(干重),或18.6tPOM、8.37tPOC、1.06tPON和60kgPP。在四十里湾的贝类筏式养殖海区,可以估计贝类每年因生物沉积的生产而循环427tN和98.OtP(包括20.0t OP的贡献),它们能分别满足浮游藻类生产所需求N和P的17.0%和28.3%(其中OP贡献 6.9%)。可见,贝类在养殖生态系的物质和营养盐循环中扮演着重要的角色。高密度、大面积的贝类养殖使大量的生物沉积物聚集于海底,可能对海区环境产生冲击。作者分析,98年8月份烟台养殖区赤潮的发生很可能与海底生物沉积物营养盐的快速释放以及栉孔扇贝大面积死亡而使浮游藻类失去了摄食控制有关,而风平浪静和养殖笼对水流的阻挡也为赤潮的发生提供了有利条件。④ 采用半现场流水系统法测定了栉孔扇贝在不同养殖密度、不同养殖模式(扇贝单养、贝藻混养、贝藻参混养)中的生物沉积。实验时间尺度大,前后计80天。结果说明扇贝的生物沉积速率与其养殖密度呈反比关系。养殖密度的高低影响饵料浓度的变化(两者呈负相关的对数函数关系),而饵料浓度的高低直接决定着扇贝的生物沉积速率的高低,两者呈正相关关系(生物沉积速率与POC和叶绿 a 分别呈对数和指数函数关系)。不仅生物沉积物的数量与养殖密度(或饵料浓度)有关,生物沉积物的质量同样与养殖密度(或饵料浓度)有关。栉孔扇贝的养殖使沉积物的有机质含量及C、N 和 P 含量降低,且密度越高,它们的含量越低。这反映了扇贝对环境的适应能力。在海带和扇贝的混养模式中,海带对扇贝生物沉积物的数量和质量不构成影响,当然这是在海带不影响浮游植物数量的前提下得出的结果。而实际上在自然海区两者可能是竞争关系。⑤ 对从海区取回到实验室的多种滤食性动物,包括经济双壳贝类(栉孔扇贝、海湾扇贝、长牡蛎、贻贝、菲律宾蛤仔等)和养殖中的污损动物(栖海鞘、玻璃海鞘、藤壶、玟斑稜蛤)的 N 和 P 排泄进行了测定,包括排泄成分和排泄速率。在N排泄中,NH_4-H 占主要部分,如笼式养殖的双壳贝类 NH_4-N 占总N排泄的70%以上,平均值范围为70.8~80.1%。氨基酸是第二大排泄成分,平均占总N排泄的10~25%。其它形态的N,如尿素、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐也有检出,如双壳贝类尿素氮在总氮排泄中占 2~5%。但在双壳贝类中未检出尿酸氮。比较而言,海鞘、藤壶的尿素氮相对高一些。在P排泄中,OP约占TDP排泄的15~27%。栉孔扇贝TDP排泄速率为0.281μmol/h·ind。作者以实验室测定结果计算,在整个四十里湾的夏季,所养殖的双壳贝类每天将排泄4.54t总溶解氮,其中NH_4-N 3.36t、Amino-N 0.69t、Urea-N 0.2t。 同时每天磷的排泄为0.57t TDP,其中OP O.15t。对面积为1.3 * 10~4hm~2的海区而言,贝类的N、P排泄分别能满足浮游植物生产所需N、P的44%和40%。尽管Urea-N所占比例有限,但也能满足海区浮游植物所需 N 的 2%左右。以上说二月高密度的贝类养殖对海区生态系统营养盐循环的影响是很显著的。附着动物(柄海鞘等)的N、P 排泄也不容忽视,它们分别能满足浮游藻类生产所需 N、P 的 ll%和 12%。它们一方面通过排泄和排粪加速营养盐和物质的循环对浮游植物的生长产生刺激作用;另一方面,对藻类产生摄食控制,如果海区中滤食性动物太多,即使营养盐再丰富也难以使浮游植物大量繁殖,这无疑将影响滤食性动物的生长速率。⑥ 运用近年来发展起来的生物沉积法对四十里湾半现场流水系统中贝类的滤水率、吸收率、生长率、生态效率等生理生态学参数进行了测定。栉孔扇贝(收获时规格0.194~0.412g软体干重/ind)滤水率平均为3.65 1/ind·h。扇贝放养密度和饵料浓度没有显著关系。扇贝的总摄食率平均为3.98mg/ind·h,对POM、POC、PON的 摄食率范围为0.84~1.87、0.335~0.748、0.0515~O.1293mg/ind·h。扇贝的摄食率随放养密度的升高而降低,与POM呈正相关关系。扇贝的吸收速率受密度和饵料浓度的影响不明显。扇贝对N的吸收效率较C、P稍高,对总有机质的吸收效率为75.9±4.1%,如此高的吸收效率与低饵料浓度有关。扇贝氨基酸泄漏所损失的能量高于排氨的能量损失。代谢能与吸收能呈明显的正相关关系。SFG与饵料浓度呈正相关关系。总生长效率K1(* 100)变化较大,范围为20~49;净生长效率K,K_2(* 100)随POM的升高而升高。扇贝对N的总生态效率范围为6.2~12.8%(平均9.9%),这高于对C(平均5.9%)和P(平均4.1%)的总生态效率。扇贝对POC、PON和PP的生长余力(SFG_C、SFG_N、SFG_P)平均分别为197、46.8和6.2μg/ind·h,它们分别与POC、PON和PP呈正比关系。扇贝对N的净生长率高于对C和P的净生长率。在N的预算中,如果仅考虑NH_4-N的排泄而忽视其它形态氮的排泄,将会产生很大偏差(平均约20%)。扇贝贝壳生长所需的能量在整个扇贝生长所需能量的9.0~15.1%(平均 11.2%);贝壳C、N和P在扇贝生长中所占的比例分别为10.5~17.8%、9.4~16.1%和8.7~15.O%。可见,贝壳不管在能量预算还是在元素预算中都不应该被忽视。理论计算而得到的SFG和SFG_C、SFG_N、SFG_P与扇贝的实际生长和扇贝C、N、P的实际增长量之间呈正相关关系,但前者明显过高地估计了扇贝的生长。⑦ 运用生物沉积法在四十里湾养殖海区现场对栉孔扇贝的生理生态学特征进行了研究。不同海区扇贝的滤水率有变化,一龄扇贝(41.1±4.1mm,软体干重 0.48±O.10g/ind)滤水率变化范围为 0.72~2.54(平均 1.27)1/ind·h 或 1.65~5.97(平均 2.61)1/g·h。与半现场研究结果一致,滤水率与TPM没有明显关系,而摄食率却与TPM呈正相关关系。二龄扇贝(软体干重 1.91±0.32g/ind)滤水率为 2.09~3.99(平均 3.10)1/ind·h。吸收速率与POM(或TDM)呈正相关关系,与饵料质量(POM/TPM)无明显的相关关系。吸收效率AE_(POM)与TPM(或POM)没有相关关系,却与饵料质量呈明显 的正相关关系。扇贝对POC、PON和PP的吸收效率平均分别为68.9%、64.0%和63.6%。不同海区SFG差别很大。一龄扇贝SFG范围为-O.174~24.08 J/ind·h,SFG与饵料浓度POM呈正相关关系。SFG负值的出现主要与低饵料浓度有关。SFG_C、SFG_N、SFG_P分别与POC、PON和PP呈正相关关系。在N的生长余力计算中,如果仅考虑NH_4-N排泄,而不考虑其它形态N的排泄,就可能产生相当大的偏差,偏差范围为11~360%,这高于半现场的偏差值,显然SFG_N越低,产生的偏差就越大。这说明在饵料不足、扇贝生长受到限制的环境下进行N生长余力的计算时必须考虑其它形态N的排泄。⑧ 对四十里湾养殖海区一些双壳贝类和藻类的化学组成和有机净生产量进行了讨论。不同双壳贝类的软体有机碳含量差别不大,而N含量差异较大。栉孔扇贝N含量最高(占软体干重的12.36%),而牡蛎、毛蚶软体N含量相对较低,为 8~9%。从双壳贝类贝壳的组成来看,贻贝和菲律宾蛤仔贝壳中N含量最高,分别为 0.55% 和 0.56%;而栉孔扇贝贝壳N含量相对较低,在 O.1%左右。贻贝贝壳有机磷含量 (308ppm) 也明显高于栉孔扇贝贝壳(62.1 ppm)。不同海区海带的 C/N 比值较高,变化明显,范围为17.36~30.23。石莼与此相似。大型藻类高 C/N 比值说明海区营养元素N的不足。海带的不同部位N含量差别很大,中带部和边叶在不同海区有较大变化,即对环境的营养状况比较敏感。紫贻贝贝壳中C、H、N 和 P 的含量在整个贻贝中占有相对大的比例,分别为 30.4%、30.2%、31.8%和 29.6%。

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安全环境是人类赖以生存的基础,天然放射性辐射环境是人类生存环境的重要组成部分,放射性物质存在于各类物质中,包括空气、水源和土壤等。放射性物质的辐射对环境的影响往往被人们所忽视,但又是最危险的环境影响因素。为了生存和健康不仅需要了解重金属和有机物污染,而且需要了解辐射污染。 天然放射性辐射环境与该区域内的地质环境密切相关。青岛地区燕山期岩浆活动频繁,形成了以钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩为主的大规模侵入岩体,大多数母岩为富含铀、钍的花岗岩。本论文选择青岛地区做为放射性的研究区,该花岗岩地区与放射性核素的辐射强度的关系具有典型的代表性。 论文在大量密集测量地表岩石、土壤γ总量、土壤中238U、232Th 、40K放射性核素的含量基础上,分析了天然放射性辐射环境与该区域内的地质环境. 分析了环境中氡的来源及迁移机制,给出了氡的运移理论模型,指出了环境中氡的危害及其土壤中的分布与地质环境的关系。分别从内照射和外照射的角度,将土壤中238U (226Ra) 、232Th 、40K放射性核素的比活度、γ能量谱、环境中的氡浓度和直接测量空气中的吸收剂量率相结合,首次对青岛地区的辐射环境进行了研究和评价,可为奥运和青岛市长远发展提供科学保障。 结果表明研究区内土壤中的238U含量低于全国及世界平均值,土壤中232Th含量分别是全国和世界均值含量的1.1和1.5倍, 土壤中40K含量分别是全国和世界均值含量的2.43和2.44倍,因此空气中的吸收剂量率高于全国(81.5nGy•h-1)和世界(80 nGy•h-1)约1.2倍。通过能谱估算的空气吸收剂量率与实际测量值近似相等。研究区的年有效剂量为0.83 mSv,低于世界平均年有效外部照射的剂量限值1.0mSv,外照射指数和内照射指数均小于1,该区的等效镭浓度Raeq均值为197 Bq•kg-1,低于建议最大容许值370 Bq•kg-1,基于以上的各类指标均在世界均值或容许值范围内,可以认为该区的外照射水平属于安全辐射范畴。 222Rn浓度对人体内部照射具有举足轻重的地位,也是评价辐射环境质量的关键所在。本文采用经典的氡在空气中的扩散和对流的理论模式,通过研究区内的土壤中铀的含量推算出离地面1米高的空气中的氡的浓度,并且分析了土壤中的氡浓度与土壤中的放射性核素U、Th、K的含量的关系。研究区的土壤氡浓度总体平均值为5887Bq/m3,与全球土壤氡浓度的平均值7400 Bq/m3相比属于土壤氡浓度正常地区。由于青岛市区土壤覆盖层很薄,地表储气条件较差,造成土壤氡逸散。因此除区内土壤氡浓度几处偏高区以的其他区域,甚至断裂带上他和其他区域的土壤氡浓度也普遍偏低。通过计算可以得出青岛市区大气中氡浓度所导致的居民室外吸入氡子体所产生的年均人有效剂量估算结果是0.94mSv/a。这与联合国辐射防护委员会公布世界平均本底值1.2mSv/a相比,此值在正常范围内。 这个地区虽然大面积出露富含放射性物质的花岗岩,由花岗岩风化形成的土壤中放射性核素含量(钍、钾)也较高,但是因为铀含量不高,另外本区临海,一年四季的风速较大,因此本地区室外和室内空气中氡浓度不高。 综上可以得出结论:本区的辐射环境属于安全区域,适于人类生活。 本论文研究成果和创新点有:首次在大量密集测量的基础上,系统地对青岛地区的辐射环境进行了研究和评价;在数据采集方面,采用直接就地测量,跟其他调查方法比,采样密度大,数据量大。从研究方法方面,本文从外照射和内照射的角度,采用了多指标相结合的综合方式来评价本区的辐射环境质量,详实可信;引入GIS技术,和放射性评价相结合,较为系统深入地探讨了放射性核素和氡浓度的分布特征及其与岩性的关系。

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In order to assess the toxicity of heavy metals on the early development of Meretrix meretrix, the effects of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on embryogenesis, survival, growth and metamorphosis of larvae were investigated. The EC50 for embryogenesis was 5.4 mu g l(-1) for Hg, 1014 mu g l(-1) for Cd and 297 mu g l(-1) for Pb, respectively. The 96 h LC50 for D-shaped larvae was 14.0 mu g l(-1) for Hg, 68 mu g l(-1) for Cd and 353 mu g l(-1) for Pb, respectively. Growth was significantly retarded at 18.5 mu g l(-1) (0.1 mu M) for Hg, 104 mu g l(-1) (1 mu M) for Cd and 197 mu g l(-1) (1 mu M) for Pb, respectively. The EC50 for metamorphosis, similar to 48 h LC50, was higher than 96 h LC50. Our results indicate that the early development of M. meretrix is highly sensitive to heavy metals and can be used as a test organism for ecotoxicology bioassays in temperate and subtropical regions.

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Sediments and surface water were sampled in a tide flat in the Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, China in January 2004 to simulate the exchange of NH4-N/NO3-N/PO43- between sediments and surface water. A working system was designed with which samples were shaken at 60, 120 and 150 revolutions per minute (r/min). Experiment results show that NH4-N concentration in water at shaking rate of 60 r/min decreased gradually, while at 120 r/min increased gradually. In resuspension, fine-grained sediments contributed most NH4-N to the seawater, followed by medium-grained and coarse-grained sediments. The NO3-N concentration in water had a negative relation, with the shaking rate; the medium-grained sediments contributed more NO3-N to seawater than the coarse- and fine-grained sediments. The PO43- concentration is positively related with the shaking rate, the fine-grained sediments were the main N and P contributor to the seawater, followed by medium- and coarse-grained sediments.

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JGOFS results showed that the ocean is a major sink for the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from human activity. However, the role of the coastal seas in the global carbon cycling is poorly understood. In the present work, the inorganic carbon (IC) in the Yangtze River Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay are studied as examples of offshore sediments. Sequential extraction was used to divide inorganic carbon in the sediments into five forms, NaCl form, NH3 H2O form, NaOH form, NH2OH HCl form and HCl form. Studied of their content and influencing factors were also showed that NaCl form < NH3 H2O form < NaOH form < NH2OH HCl form < HCl form, and that their influencing factors of pH, Eh, Es, water content, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus on inorganic carbon can be divided into two groups, and that every factor has different influence on different form or on the same form in different environment. Different IC form may transform into each other in the early diagenetic process of sediment, but NaCl form, NH3 H2O form, NaOH form and NH2OH HCl form may convert to HCl form ultimately. So every IC form has different contribution to carbon cycling. This study showed that the contribution of various form of IC to the carbon cycle is in the order of NaOH form > NH2OH HCl form > NH3 H2O form > NaCl form > HCl form, and that the contribution of HCl form contributes little to carbon cycling, HCl form may be one of end-result of atmospheric CO2. So Yangtze River estuary sediment may absorb at least about 40.96x10(11) g atmospheric CO2 every year, which indicated that offshore sediment play an important role in absorbing atmospheric CO2.

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The specific activity concentrations of radionuclides U-238, Th-212, and K-40 of 2300 sampling points in the Qingdao area were measured by an FD-3022 gamma-ray spectrometer. The radioactivity concentrations of U-238, Th-232, and K-40 ranged from 3.3 to 185.3, from 6.9 to 157.2, and from 15.8 to 7834.4 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The air-absorbed dose at I meter above ground, effective annual dose, external hazard index, and radium equivalent activity were also calculated to systematically evaluate the radiological hazards of the natural radioactivity in Qingdao. The air-absorbed dose, effective annual dose, external hazard index, and radium equivalent activity in the study area were 98.6 nGy h(-1), 0.12 mSv, 0.56, 197 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Compared with the worldwide value, the air-absorbed dose is slightly high, but the other factors are all lower than the recommended value. The natural external exposure will not pose significant radiological threat to the population. In conclusion, the Qingdao area is safe with regard to the radiological level and suitable for living.

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A new species, Axianassa sinica, from the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin), northern South China Sea, is described and illustrated. The new species is readily distinguished from A. australis Rodrigues & Shimizu, 1992, by its acute rostrum, merus of pereopod 1 with a tooth distally on lower margin and an elongated telson.

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从胡麻主产区引进19个新育成的品种(系),2005年进行预备试验,综合其产量、农艺性状和抗病性,从中筛选出晋亚8号、8858、陇亚9号、97047、0144(甘肃)、91-197-8和3号胡麻7个表现较好的品种(系);2006年进行播种量试验.结果表明各引进胡麻品种(系)的产量在总体上都比作为对照的青海当地品种的产量高;晋亚8号、97047和陇亚9号是表现最好的3个品种,其适宜播种量为375~450 万粒/hm~2,具体为:晋亚8号和97047为375~450 万粒/hm~2,陇亚9号为375 万粒/hm~2左右.

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放牧强度对人工草地群落数量特征的影响,国内外学者已有报道,而有关青藏高原的研究则很少。Reategui认为,载畜量增大将使丛生禾草向矮生禾草演替,而导致草地退化。另外,放牧强度对植物群落组成和生物多样性也有很大影响,随着放牧强度的增加,一些适口性高、再生性强、不耐牧的种类减少,而适口性差、耐牧的种类增多。

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利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20及反相硅胶RP-18分离及纯化技术,从辐状肋柱花全草乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分得到7个水溶性成分,经^1H NMR、^13C NMR等波谱技术鉴定为异荭草苷、芒果苷、Swertipunicoside、当药醇苷、异牡荆苷、当药黄素、和7-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-2)-β-D-吡喃木糖]-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基[口山]酮。除异荭草苷外,其余化合物均首次从该植物中得到。