一种新的拓扑指数及其在有机化合物结构／性质相关性研究中的应用

以距离矩阵为基础，提出一种表征化合物分子结构的拓扑指数，并将其用于预报饱和链烃类、醇类和含氮芳香类化合物的性质和活性，获得了满意的结果．

α－蒎烯等离子体聚合反应机理研究

应用ＧＣ－ＭＳ、ＰＧＣ－ＭＳ、ＥＳＲ和ＩＲ等分析方法测定了α－蒎烯等离子体聚合过程中气相产物的组成及其聚合物结构。根据分析结果，提出ａ－蒎烯等离子体聚合机理是自由基聚合反应机理。

非加热气敏元件选择性机理探讨

已研制成非加热气敏元件。通过XRD、IR、BET等测试手段研究了非加热气敏元件的气敏机理。指出元件的表面积越大,142m~2/g。吸附的OH~-(O~(2-))越多,气敏性越好。通过元件运行温度与电阻变化关系,元件表面吸附氧的状态与温度关系的研究,指出了元件表面吸附氧的状态主要以O~-和O~(2-)存在,元件对H_2等还原气体灵敏,对CO不敏感,解释了元件的选择性。

La-Ba系氧化物催化剂用于甲烷氧化偶联

以La_2O_3为基础,碱土金属作为第二组分的二元氧化物催化剂均具有较高的生成C_2活性,特别是La-Ba-O系催化剂具有优良的甲烷氧化偶联活性和稳定性,当La/Ba原子比为2.5时,C_2收率可达20.3％。第三组分的添加有助于提高C_2选择性,特别是添加碱金属,可以抑制完全氧化反应,并提高乙烯/乙烷比。在La:Ba:Na=2.5:1:0.1的催化剂上进行了500/小时的寿命实验,在整个反应期间,催化剂的活性和选择性相当稳定。X-射线物相分析表明,新鲜催化剂除有少量的碳酸钡外,主要是氧化镧和氧化钡的混合物。500小时后的物相基本上是氧化镧和碳酸钡。使用前后催化剂的比表面积及表面La和Ba的分布均无改变。较高的CH_4/O_3比对提高C_2选择性有利,当CH_4:O_2=4:1时,C_2选择性和收率分别为65.1％和19.1％。

La_4(P_2O_7)_3:Ce,Gd,Tb磷光体的合成与光谱性质

本文首次采用溶液沉淀法合成了一系列La_4(P_2O_7)_3;Ce,Gd,Tb磷光体.经X射线分析表明,它们属于纯的La_4(P_2O_7)_3相。测定了这些化合物的激发和发射光谱、相对亮度及Ce~(3+)的发光寿命,观察到在此基质中Ce~(3+)与Gd~(3+)的光谱重叠,它们之间存在着一定的相互作用,使(La_(0.64)Ce_(0.3)Gd_(0.06)_4(P_2O_7)_3的亮度比(La_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)_4(P_2O_7)3和(La_(0.94)Gd_(0.06)_4(P_2O_7)_3有少许增加.此外,Ce~(3+)能有效地敏化Tb~(3+)~9,从而大大增强Tb~(3+)的发射.然而,Gd~(3+)与Tb~(3+)共存时存在着竞争吸收和独自发射,使(La_(0.80)Gd_(0.06)Tb_(0.14)_4(P_2O_7)_3的亮度与单掺的(La_(0.86)Tb_(0.14)_4(P_2O_7)3相比有少许降低.相应地在Ce,Gd和Tb共掺时,由于Gd~(3+)的影响,使Tb~(3+)的发射减弱,从而总的发光相对亮度有所降低。

Sm~(3+)在玻璃中的发光以及Sb~(6+)、Ce~(6+)、Gd~(3+)对Sm~(3+)发光性质的影响

本文研究了单掺(Sm~(3+),Ce~(3+)、Gd~(3+).Sb~(3+)、双掺(Sm~(3+)+Ce~(3+)、Sm~(3+)+Gd~(3+),Sm~(3+)+Sb~(3+))和兰掺(Sm~(3+)+Gd~(3+)+Ce~(3+))约四十余种不同玻璃的发射谱和激发谱.探讨了玻璃成份和掺杂离子浓度对Sm~(3+)发光性质的影响以及Ce~(3+),Gd~(3+)、Sb~(3+)、Ce~(3+)+Gd~(3+)对Sm~(3+)的敏化作用。

溶剂聚合膜pH电极作内电极的气敏电极的研究

研究了以中性载体为活性物的石墨内导平头溶剂聚合膜(SPM)pH电极作内电极的二氧化碳和氨气敏电极。电极的性能取决于中性载体的特性,其中以菸酸十八酯为内电极膜活性物的二氧化碳气敏电极和以二辛基十八胺为活性物的氨气敏电极性能较佳。二氧化碳气敏电极用作丙酮酸脱羧酶酶电极的原电极,其性能院于传统的以玻璃pH电极作内电极的二氧化碳气敏电极。

稀土文献库(GREDB)及检索服务

本文论述了稀土文献库建设的整个过程及检索功能,并以实例说明了稀土文献库自成果鉴定以来为国内外近200个用户检索服务的概况,及稀土文献库建设的重要意义。

窄分子量分布稀土顺丁橡胶的合成及其性能

以Nd(naph)_3-Al(i-Bu)_3-Al(i-Bu)_2Cl(Nd-Al-Cl)为催化体系,在Cl/Nd≤1.7(mol比)时,可得到分子量分布(4.3—4.5)比意大利铀系BR(UBR,6.7)窄的钕系BR(NdBR),实验发现,Al中所含的Al(i-Bu)_2H是分子量及其分布的调节剂,求得ML与[η]的关系式为ML=33.6[η]-60。本工作合成的NdBR,不但具有优良的辊筒行为,而且它的挤出行为接近或超过镍系BR(NiBR),ML为40左右的硫化胶的物理机械性能优于NiBR而与意大利的UBR相仿。窄分子量分布NdBR的充油量可达40％—50％,充油胶的物理机械性能优于宽分子量分布的稀土充油BR。

Discovery of immune related factors in Fenneropenaeus chinensis by annotation of ESTs

A total of 10446 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are obtained by a large-scale sequencing of a cDNA library from cephalothorax of adult Fenneropenaeus chinensis. An EST analysis platform was built up based on local computers and bioinformatic techniques were used to annotate these ESTs in order to promptly find possible functional genes, especially for immune related factors. About 4% of the ESTs show similarity to the coding sequences of such factors, including lectin, serine protease, serpin, lysozyme, etc. These ESTs provide a partial profile of the immune system in F. chinensis and useful information for further study on these genes.

贝藻混养系统中贝类食物来源的定量分析

应用稳定碳、氮同位素比值法和脂肪酸标志分析法，较为系统地研究了贝藻混养系统中滤食性贝类的食物来源，评估了大型藻类对混养系统及滤食性贝类的物质贡献。主要研究结果如下： 1.综述了典型生态系统中大型藻类和滤食性贝类各自的生态学地位和作用，大型藻类与滤食性贝类不仅在水体营养盐方面存在互利关系，二者在物质循环与收支方面同样具有耦合性，大型藻类提供的颗粒态有机质可以为滤食性贝类提供饵料来源。 2.总结了稳定同位素比值法和脂肪酸标志法在海洋生态系统食物来源及食物网分析中的应用，并建立了两种方法的具体操作规程。 3.分析了栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri和海带Laminaria japonica混养系统中海带碎屑形成及释放不同阶段的生态学特征，评估了碎屑对扇贝的饵料贡献。海带在6周内释放了自身约27％的碳；碎屑形成及释放过程中C:N比值显著下降，同时伴随着旺盛的细菌降解，碎屑中也发现有大量硅藻类和原生动物存在。稳定同位素分析证实海带碎屑是混养期间扇贝的主要食物来源。 4.查明了春季胶州湾潮间带自然分布的长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas、紫贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis和湾内浅海筏式养殖栉孔扇贝的可能食物来源。湾内栉孔扇贝饵料组成中浮游硅藻类为最主要部分，同时混杂有陆源有机质和细菌类物质；潮间带自然生长的牡蛎和贻贝饵料组成中，浮游植物占86.2-89.0％，种类组成中除硅藻外还包括一定比例的金藻和甲藻类；潮间带繁盛的孔石莼Ulva pertusa藻床为两种贝类提供了8.7-11.0％的补充食物来源。 5.揭示了桑沟湾贝藻混养海区春、夏季栉孔扇贝饵料来源组成情况及其季节变化，评估了海带养殖区碎屑碳量季节变化及海带来源碳对扇贝组织碳的贡献。结果表明，湾内贝藻混养区碎屑碳量为75.52-265.19 μg l-1，其在水体总颗粒态有机碳中的比例为25.6-73.8％。海带来源碎屑碳对栉孔扇贝组织碳的贡献比例为14.1-42.8％，且与水体碎屑碳比例的季节变化存在极显著相关性(F=0.992, P=0.004)。5月份湾外海带养殖区水体碎屑碳量为110.12-144.71 μg l-1，显著高于湾内无海带区（75.52 μg l-1），湾外养殖的扇贝组织中海带来源碳比例为22.0-24.1％，显著高于湾内单养区扇贝（9.6％）。估算结果表明，桑沟湾每年收获的6967吨（总湿重）栉孔扇贝中，海带提供了约57.1吨碳，换算为海带干物质为219.6吨。脂肪酸标志分析结果表明，2月份至8月份硅藻类在扇贝饵料组成中比例逐渐下降，而细菌类比例逐渐升高。整个采样期间，EPA/DHA比例较低，说明扇贝饵料组成中可能包括高DHA含量的组分。

Potential P limitation leads to excess N in the pearl river estuarine coastal plume

There is excess nitrate (NO3) in the Pearl River coastal plume in the southern waters of Hong Kong in summer. We hypothesize that phosphorus (P) limitation controls the utilization of excess NO3 due to the high N:P ratio in the Pearl River. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two 1-day cruises on July 13 and 19, 2000 to examine the response of the phytoplankton to P additions with respect to changes in biomass, uptake of nutrients and nutrient uptake ratios using a batch incubation of natural water samples collected from the Pearl River estuary and adjacent coastal waters. At a station (E1, salinity =5) in the Pearl River estuary, the N/P ratio at the surface was 46:1, (64 muM DIN: 1.3 muM PO4) and decreased to 24:1 (12 muM DIN: 0.5 muM PO4) downstream at a station (Stn 26, salinity =26) in the coastal plume south of Hong Kong. Without a P addition, NO3 in the water samples collected at E1 could not be depleted during a 9 day incubation (similar to20 muM NO3 remaining). With a P addition, NO3 disappeared completely on day 6 with the depletion of the added PO4 (2-3 muM). This was also true for a station, E4 (salinity= 15) further downstream, but within the estuary. At Stn 26, in the coastal plume south of Hong Kong, NO3 (similar to11.5 muM) was eventually depleted without the addition of PO4, but it took 8 days instead of 5 days for Stn E4. The uptake ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to PO4, without a P addition was 51:1, 43:1 and 46:1 for Stns E1, E4 and 26, respectively. With a P addition, the DIN/PO4 uptake ratio decreased to 20:1, 14:1 and 12:1, respectively, for the 3 stations. These results clearly indicate potential P limitation to utilization of NO3 in the Pearl River estuary, resulting in excess NO3 in waters of the coastal plume downstream of the estuary, some of which would eventually be transported offshore. High uptake ratios of N:P without a P addition (43N:1P) suggest that phytoplankton have a nitrogen uptake capacity in excess of the Redfield ratio of 16N: 1P by 2.5-3 times. The value of 2.5-3 times was likely a maximum that should have contained a contribution of P released from desorption of P from sediments or from regeneration by zooplankton grazing and bacterial activity during the incubation of natural water samples. Without a P addition, however, phytoplankton biomass did not increase. This means that P turnover rates or regeneration may allow phytoplankton to take up additional N in excess of the Redfield ratio and store it, but without increasing the algal biomass. Therefore, high ambient N:P ratios in excess of the Redfield ratio do indicate potential P limitation to phytoplankton biomass in this estuarine coastal ecosystem. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The distribution, enrichment and source of potential harmful elements in surface sediments of Bohai Bay, North China

A geochemical study of Bohai Bay surface sediments was carried out to analyze the potential harmful element (PHE: Ge, Mo, In, Sn, Sb,Te, Tl, Bi and V) concentrations, transportation and deposition, enrichment factors and sources. Germanium, Mo, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Bi and V concentrations in the surface sediments were: 1.43-1.71, 0.52-1.43, 0.04-0.12, 2.77-4.14, 1.14-2.29, 0.027-0.085, 0.506-0.770, 0.27-0.63 and 70.35-115.90 mu g/g, respectively. The distributions of total PHE concentrations, together with sequential extraction analyses, showed that the PHEs were mainly due to natural inputs from the continental weathering delivered to the bay by rivers and atmospheric transportation and deposition. However, high Mo, Sb, Te, Bi and V occurred in non-residual fractions, suggesting some anthropogenic inputs in addition to the natural inputs. Besides sources, the distributions of PHEs were influenced by the coupling of physical, chemical and biological processes. Enrichment factor (EF) was computed for each site for each element in order to assess the polluting elements and the degree of pollution at each site. Results revealed that the EFs were generally lower than 1.0, particularly for Ge, Mo, In, Sn, Tl and V; however, the EFs were higher (>1.5), particularly for Sb, Te and Bi, revealing moderate contamination. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

青海湖区东部沙地植被及其特征研究

根据野外样地调查资料,对青海湖区东部沙地植被从区系特征及其物种多样性进行了研究,结果表明:①青海湖东部沙地植被种类组成简单,共有27科58属71种.其中禾本科比重最高为22.535%,其次为菊科占12.676%;再次为豆科占9.8592%;桔梗科等14科比重较小均占1.4085%.②地理成分上,湖东沙地植物区系以世界分布为主,共有16科,湖区植物区系中的优势科均为世界广布科;其次是温带成分10科;热带亚热带成分仅有1科.③生活型以多年生地面芽植物和地下芽植物为主,两者种类系数之和达到76.06%,一年生植物所占种类比重最小.④湖东沙地植被群丛多以单一优势种为主,物种多样性指数H、丰富度指数R1和均匀度指数Jsw三者的变化趋势大致是一致的,即随物种的增多,他们的指数趋向增大;生态优势度C的变化趋势则正好相反.⑤湖东沙地群丛物种相似性差异较大.固定沙地之间植被群丛相似性较高,流动半流动沙地与流动沙地之间则较低.

三种高寒草甸植被类型植物群落结构及其土壤环境因子研究

对海北定位站地区分布的金露梅灌丛草甸、矮嵩草草甸和沼泽化藏嵩草草甸3种高寒植被类型群落及土壤环境因子的观测结果表明:3种植被类型地上年净生产量依次为矮嵩草草甸(339.594 g/m2)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(339.358 g/m2)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(278.299 g/m2);光能利用率为矮嵩草草甸(0.099%)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(0.091%)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(0.075%);植被群落的种类组成为矮嵩草草甸(54种)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(47种)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(24种).观察矮嵩草草甸和金露梅灌丛草甸0～20 cm土壤温湿度表明,矮嵩草草甸土壤温度＞金露梅灌丛草甸,土壤湿度则相反,其中矮嵩草草甸土壤温度较高,土壤湿度较低,金露梅灌丛草甸则是高土壤湿度和低土壤温度,而沼泽化藏嵩草草甸土壤湿度达饱和甚至超饱和状态,土壤温度显得更低.