Compound specific D/H ratios and molecular distributions of higher plant leaf waxes as novel pale oenvironmental indicators in the Chinese Loess Plateau

IEECAS SKLLQG

Summer monsoon intensity controls C-4/C-3 plant abundance during the last 35 ka in the Chinese Loess Plateau: Carbon isotope evidence from bulk organic matter and individual leaf waxes

IEECAS SKLLQG

Characteristics of carbonate content and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of northern China soil and dust aerosol and its application to tracing dust sources

IEECAS SKLLQG

Flower color chimera and abnormal leaf mutants induced by C-12(6+) heavy ions in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.

The effect of C-12(6+) heavy ions bombardment on mutagenesis in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl. was studied. Dose-response studies indicated that there was a peak of malformation frequency of S. splendens at 200 Gy. Abnormal leaf mutants of the bileaf, trileaf and tetraleaf conglutination were selected. Meanwhile, a bicolor flower chimera with dark red and fresh red flower was isolated in M1 generation of S. splendens. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated that DNA variations existed among the wild-type, fresh and dark red flower shoots of the chimera. The dark red flower shoots of the chimera were conserved and cultivated at a large-scale through micropropagation. MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.3 mg/L NAA was the optimal medium in which the maximum proliferation ratio (5.2-fold) and rooting rate (88%) were achieved after 6 weeks. Our findings provide an important method to improve the ornamental quality of S. splendens.

Linear energy transfer dependence of the effects of carbon ion beams on adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionahta

Purpose: To determine the effects of carbon ion beams with five different linear energy transfer (LET) values on adventitious shoots from in vitro leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionahta Mauve cultivar with regard to tissue increase, shoots differentiation and morphology changes in the shoots. Materials and methods: In vitro leaf explant samples were irradiated with carbon ion beams with LET values in the range of 31 similar to 151 keV/mu m or 8 MeV of X-rays (LET 0.2 keV/mu m) at different doses. Fresh weight increase, surviving fraction and percentage of the explants with regenerated malformed shoots in all the irradiated leaf explants were statistically analysed. Results: The fresh weight increase (FWI) and surviving fraction (SF) decreased dramatically with increasing LET at the same doses. In addition, malformed shoots, including curliness, carnification, nicks and chlorophyll deficiency, occurred in both carbon ion beam and X-ray irradiations. The induction frequency with the former, however, was far more than that with the X-rays. Conclusions: This work demonstrated the LET dependence of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of tissue culture of Saintpaulia ionahta according to 50% FWI and 50% SF. After irradiating leaf explants with 5 Gy of a 221 MeV carbon ion beam having a LET value of 96 keV/mu m throughout the sample, a chlorophyll-deficient (CD) mutant, which could transmit the character of chlorophyll deficiency to its progeny through three continuous tissue culture cycles, and plantlets with other malformations were obtained.

Effects of ion beam irradiation on adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionahta

The effects of 960 MeV carbon ion beam and 8 MeV X-ray irradiation on adventitious shoots from in vitro leaf explants of two different Saintpaulia ionahta (Mauve and Indikon) cultivars were studied with regard to tissue increase, shoots differentiation and morphology changes in the shoots. The experimental results showed that the survival fraction of shoot formation for the Mauve and Indikon irradiated with the carbon ion beam at 20 Gy were 0.715 and 0.600, respectively, while those for both the cultivars exposed to the Xray irradiation at the same dose were 1.000. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of Mauve with respect to X-ray was about two. Secondly, the percentage of regenerating explants with malformed shoots in all Mauve regenerating explants irradiated with carbon ion beam at 20 Gy accounted for 49.6%, while that irradiated with the same dose of X-ray irradiation was only 4.7%; as for Saintpatdia ionahta Indikon irradiated with 20 Gy carbon ion beam, the percentage was 43.3%, which was higher than that of X-ray irradiation. Last, many chlorophyll deficient and other varieties of mutants were obtained in this study. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the effect of mutation induction by carbon ion beam irradiation on the leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionahta is better than that by X-ray irradiation; and the optimal mutagenic dose varies from 20 Gy to 25 Gy for carbon ion beam irradiation.

土壤改良剂与氮肥配施对玉米生长及其养分含量的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了秸秆配方、废料配方和胶土配方3种改良剂与氮肥配施对玉米植株生长状况、生物量、叶绿素含量、全N及全P含量的影响。结果表明:3种改良剂与0.5 g/盆氮肥配施可以显著提高株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上地下生物量、叶绿素含量及植株全N含量,且以秸秆配方配施效果最佳,过量施用氮肥(1.0 g/盆)时,各指标与0.5 g氮肥水平下的值相比增加幅度甚小,茎粗和地下生物量甚至有下降的趋势。改良剂因素和氮肥因素对全P含量也有一定的影响,但二者交互作用对其并未产生显著性影响。因此,在施加改良剂的条件下可以适当地减少肥料的使用量,在满足植物体吸收利用前提下,既减少了养分投入和浪费,又减轻了对环境的污染。

四种园林植物的热值与养分特征

测定了蔷薇科植物美人梅、樱花和木兰科植物白玉兰、广玉兰不同组分的热值、养分和灰分含量,探讨4种植物不同发育阶段根系、枝干和叶等器官的热值分配特征及其影响因子.结果表明:4种植物不同组分干质量热值和去灰分热值在17.02~21.93 kJ.g-1和18.42~22.57 kJ.g-1之间;叶片和细根具有较高的干质量热值和去灰分热值,去灰分热值随着根系和茎干(枝)的发育呈减小趋势.美人梅和樱花的干质量热值和去灰分热值总体上高于白玉兰和广玉兰.细根干质量热值和去灰分热值与其养分和灰分含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01).随着根系的发育,干质量热值和去灰分热值与有机碳含量的相关性逐渐降低,不同器官干质量热值与全氮含量相关性最强.

氮磷营养对小麦水分关系的影响

比较研究了氮磷营养对春小麦水分关系影响的差异。结果表明 ,土壤干旱情况下 ,氮磷营养虽然皆增强了春小麦的渗透调节能力 ,但由于氮磷营养对作物地上地下部生长的不同进促作用而对作物的水分状况产生了完全相反的影响。氮营养增强了作物对干旱的敏感性 ,使其水势和相对含水量大幅度下降 ,蒸腾失水减少 ,自由水含量增加而束缚水含量减少 ,并使膜稳定性降低 ;而磷营养则明显改善了植株的水分状况 ,增大了气孔导度 ,降低了其对干旱的敏感性 ,增加了束缚水含量 ,并使膜稳定性增强

作物非充分灌溉决策指标研究进展

为了有效地进行非充分灌溉,通过不同方面研究土壤和作物水分亏缺的诊断方法,从而制定科学有效的灌水指标。对目前非充分灌溉的土壤、灌溉、作物等指标的研究现状及存在的问题进行了的阐述,讨论了非充分灌溉决策指标今后研究发展的方向。从目前国内外研究情况来看,应用叶水势、茎直径变化、冠层温度等作物指标来精确诊断作物的水分状况,已逐渐成为非充分灌溉研究领域关注的热点,但其基础理论、监测方法及不同作物的应用效果仍需进一步研究完善。因此,单纯从一种灌溉决策指标出发确定灌溉量是不全面的,如何建立非充分灌溉条件下不同地区、作物的灌溉指标体系将是今后中国重要的研究内容。

灌水对小麦旗叶光合功能衰退的影响

利用田间小区试验研究了不同灌水对冬小麦旗叶光合功能衰退的影响。研究表明 :小麦旗叶光合衰退初期引起光合下降的原因主要是气孔限制 ,后期则为非气孔限制。灌水可提高旗叶光合速率 ,并使由气孔限制向非气孔转变的时间推后 ,同时 ,还可增加叶绿素含量 ,增强根活力 ,使小麦旗叶光合功能持续期延长。过量灌水改善旗叶光合衰退的效果主要表现在后期 ,对产量提高的意义并不大。

Nitrogen-15 signals of leaf-litter-soil continuum as a possible indicator of ecosystem nitrogen saturation by forest succession and N loads

National Key Research and Development Program [2010CB833502]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30600071, 40601097, 30590381]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-432, O7V70080SZ, LENOM07LS-01]; GUCAS [O85101PM03]

Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration is affected by prevailing climatic conditions and soil organic carbon content: A trans-China based case study

National Natural Science Foundation of China [30590381]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2YW-432]; International Partnership Project

Effect of the nucleating agent 1,3 : 2,4-di(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol on the gamma phase content of propylene/ethylene copolymer

The influence of the concentration of a nucleating agent (NA), namely 1,3:2,4-di(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (DMDBS), on the gamma phase content in a propylene/ethylene copolymer was investigated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Small- Angle X-ray Scatter (SAXS) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM).