Production cross section of Th-236 in the interaction of U-238 with 60 MeV/u O-18 ions

The neutron-rich target-like isotope Th-236 has been produced in the U-238-2p multinucleon transfer reaction between a 60 MeV/u O-18 beam and natural U-238 targets. The activities of thorium were determined after radiochemical separation of Th from the mixture of uranium and reaction products. The Th-236 isotope was identified by the characteristic gamma-rays of 642.2, 687.6 and 229.6 keV. The production cross section of Th-236 was determined to be 250 +/- 50 mu b.

Liquid-liquid extraction of protactinium(V) using tri-iso-octylamine

Solvent extraction of protactinium with tri-iso-octyl-amine (TIOA) in xylene, benzene, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform from HCl, HF, HNO3, HClO4 and H2SO4 media was studied using Pa-233 as a radiotracer. The extraction efficiencies of protactinium were determined as a function of shaking time, concentrations of mineral acids in aqueous phase, extractant concentrations and diluents in organic phase. The extraction mechanism was discussed. The results show that the extracted species in the organic phase is [(R3N-H)(n)Pa(OH)(x)Cl-y(5-x-y)].

Color center formation in alpha-Al2O3 induced by high energy heavy ions

Single crystals of alpha-alumina were irradiated at room temperature with 1.157 (GeVFe)-Fe-56, 1.755 (GeVXe)-Xe-136 and 2.636 (GeVU)-U-238 ions to fluences range from 8.7 x 10(9) to 6 x 10(12) ions/cm(2). Virgin and irradiated samples were investigated by ultraviolet visible absorption measurements. The investigation reveals the presence of various color centers (F, F+, F-2(2+), F-2(+) and F-2 centers) appearing in the irradiated samples. It is found that the ratio of peak absorbance of F-2 to F centers increases with the increase of the atomic numbers of the incident ions from Fe, Xe to U ions, so do the absorbance ratio of F-2(2+) to F+ centers and of large defect cluster to F centers, indicating that larger defect clusters are preferred to be produced under heavier ion irradiation. Largest color center production cross-section was found for the U ion irradiation. The number density of single anion vacancy scales better with the energy deposition through processes of nuclear stopping, indicating that the nuclear energy loss processes determines the production of F-type defects in heavy ion irradiated alpha-alumina.

低速~(40)Ar~(17+)离子入射金属Be表面发射的近红外光谱线和X射线谱；Infrared Light and X-ray Emissions of ~(40)Ar~(17+) Impacting on Be Surface ；

用速度不同的(动能EK=272和357keV,速度v=1.14×106和1.72×106m/s)的高电荷态离子40Ar17+分别入射金属Be表面,同时测量这种相互作用过程中产生的近红外光谱线和X射线谱。实验结果表明,在低速范围内(速度小于玻尔速度vBohr=2.19×106m/s),速度较小的40Ar17+离子在到达金属的表面临界距离Rc到进入表面(2—3原子层)的进程中,形成了较多的高激发态Ar原子,其退激辐射较强的光谱线,进而验证了经典过垒模型。

CSRm外靶实验装置中快塑料闪烁体阵列型探测器研制

随着HIRFL-CSR工程的顺利完工，更高能量和更多种类的束流可以用于实验，大大拓展了可开展的核物理实验研究的内容。为了更好的利用束流，促进核物理实验研究的深入，设计和建造新的大规模探测设备成为必然。本论文工作针对CSR主环外靶实验终端建设，完成了利用飞行时间方法探测中子和带电粒子的两种快塑料闪烁体探测器阵列的研制。其中中子探测器有效体积为1.5  1.5  1 m3，包含252个，两种不同结构的探测单元；每组带电粒子探测器（TOFW）由60个探测单元构成，有效探测面积为1.21.2m2。论文工作通过解决材料加工、抛光、粘接、单元包装、测试等一系列工艺难题，完成了中子探测器和三组TOFW探测器的安装和测试。利用宇宙射线测试得到两种类型中子探测单元和TOFW探测单元的平均时间分辨分别为278 ± 59、272 ± 44和258 ± 51 ps，扣除各种因素后，探测单元的本证时间分辨可以达到80、100和150 ps；对后者利用12C重离子束流在线测试，得到本证时间分辨好于70 ps,完全满足设计的要求。论文工作中还设计完成了探测单元中光电倍增管高压系统的控制和监测系统，并建立了以LED为光源的光刻度系统，用于探测单元的刻度和工作状态的在线监测。在终端现场对探测器进行的初步在束测试表明，两种探测器工作稳定，运行良好，其性能均满足实验需求

xylE基因用于监测根瘤菌在土壤中存活的研究

通过细菌接合将质粒ｐＬＶ１０１６（含ｘｖｌＥ基因）转移至ＲｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍｆｒｅｄｉｉＱＢ１１３０和Ｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍｌｅｇｕｍｉｎｏｓａｒｕｍｂｖ．ｖｉｃｉａｅＢ４０，ｘｙｌＥ基因在根瘤菌内表达活性较高．质粒ｐＬＶ１０１６携带的ＸｙｌＥ基因用于监测根瘤菌在灭菌和未灭菌土壤中的存活，结果表明，在灭菌土壤中含质粒与不含质粒菌株存活菌数量之间无显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），大接种量有利于细菌的生长与繁殖，Ｂ４０（ｐＬＶ１０１６）质粒丢失比例很低．以低于１０６ＣＦＵ·ｇ－１干土浓度接种时，ＱＢ１１３０（ｐＬＶ１０１６）质粒丢失率随接种浓度的降低而增大．未灭菌土壤中生物因素抑制了释放菌株的生长，大接种量有利于细菌存活．以低浓度（１０６ＣＦＵ·ｇ－１干土）接种时，ＱＢ１１３０（ｐＬＶ１０１６）质粒丢失比例高于Ｂ４０（ｐＬＶ１０１６）．

Heat capacity and enthalpy of fusion of penconazole (C13H15C12N3)

Low-temperature heat capacities of penconazole (C13H15Cl2N3) were precisely measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature rang from 78 to 364 K. The sample was observed to melt at 332.38 +/- 0.06 K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the compound were determined to be 33580 +/- 11 J mol(-1), 101.03 +/- 0.02 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. Further research of the melting process for this compound was carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The result was in agreement with that obtained from the measurements of heat capacities. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermodynamic investigation of the azeotropic mixture composed of water and benzene

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of water and benzene was measured by an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 80 to 320 K. The phase transitions took place in the temperature range from 265.409 to 275.165 K and 275.165 to 279.399 K. The phase transition temperatures were determined to be 272.945 and 278.339 K, which were corresponding to the solid-liquid phase transitions of water and benzene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature 298.15 K were derived from the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.

Low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of crystalline 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine

The low-temperature heat capacities of 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine were measured with a high-precision automated adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 80 K to 345 K. A solid-liquid phase transition was observed from 318.57 K to 327.44 K with peak temperature 324.67 K; the molar enthalpy and entropy of phase transition, DeltaH(m) and DeltaS(m), were determined to be 14.50 +/-0.02 kJ mol(-1) and 44.66 +/- 0.07 kJ K-1 mol(-1), respectively. The thermal stability was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The TG and DTG results reveal that 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine starts to lose mass at 332 K due to evaporation and completely changes into vapour at 483 K under the present experimental conditions.

长白山北坡植物群落复杂性的海拔梯度变化(英文)

应用梯度格局法在长白山北坡海拔700m-2600m的坡面上每100 m海拔设置一样地,共计20块样地,通过对同一群落各样方间的相异性测定,对各海拔植物群落的复杂性进行了分析。结果表明,以主林层乔木种的二元数据计算的结果,除亚高山岳桦林外,其它各海拔群落的样方间均表现出较高的相异性,特别是低海拔的阔叶红松林平均相异系数达0.74,明显高于其它植被类型;暗针叶林各群落间差异不大,相对而言1400 m群落样方间的相异性略高于其它群落,表现出过渡性群落树种组成的复杂性;岳桦林树种组成简单,样[(\267\275\274\344\322\262\261\355\317\326\263\366\275\317\270\337\265\304\\317\340\313\306\320\324\241\243)-0.1(\322\324\271\340\304\276\326\326\265\304\266\376\324\252\312\375\276\335\\274\306\313\343\265\304\310\272)]落内的相异性,虽低海拔的阔叶红松林总体上高于其它群落,但差异趋势并不像乔木种那么明显。以各草本植物与所有植物种的二元数据计算的各海拔群落内样方间的相异性,表现出非常相近的趋势,群落内样方间草本植物及所有植物种均以阔叶红松林及高山冻原差异最大,暗针叶林基本稳定于比较相近的水平。图3表1参8。

长白山地区红松树干呼吸的研究

采用土壤呼吸气室于2003年5～10月测定了长白山阔叶红松林主要树种红松不同径阶不同方位的树干呼吸,同时监测了树干温度和林内温度.结果表明,树干呼吸速率具有明显的季节变化趋势,呈单峰曲线,8月出现最大值,2月呼吸速率最低.树干呼吸速率与树干温度具有显著幂指数关系,同时表现出大径阶树干呼吸速率与温度因子间曲线拟合效果好于小径阶红松.不同径阶树干呼吸速率均呈南面高于北面,并随树干径阶的减小南北面呼吸速率差异降低.不同径阶红松树干平均维持呼吸占总树干呼吸6363%,红松树干径阶越大维持呼吸所占比例越大.依树干径阶大小顺序分别为6676%、7329%和5084%.不同径阶红松树干呼吸Q10值在256～332之间,利用呼吸Q10值分别获得不同径阶树干Rt和Rm的季节变化趋势.因此,当估算生态系统呼吸时应考虑树干不同部位和不同径阶之间的差异.

长白山红松针阔叶混交林林冠层叶面积指数模拟分析

根据长白山原始红松针阔叶混交林光合有效辐射的连续3年自动观测结果,结合便携式叶面积仪的季节观测,建立了以林冠上下光合有效辐射估算森林冠层叶面积指数的半经验公式.结果表明,该方法可以很好地反映叶面积的季节动态.通过3年叶面积指数的季节动态比较发现,该森林冠层叶面积的起始生长日期随气温稳定通过0℃的日期延迟而延迟,整个生长季的叶面积动态可划分成上升期、相对稳定期和下降期,每个阶段都与大于0℃的积温存在较好的相关关系,分别用Logistic曲线和线性方程表达.并对叶面积的观测和估算方法中存在的问题进行了讨论.