250 resultados para 311.7


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以2000—03到2001—02的辐射观测资料,分析了海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区辐射及各分光辐射的变化特征.将为高寒草甸生态系统的物质循环、能量流动、草地生产力形成机制等问题的研究提供科学依据。结果表明:海北站区Eg、Er、UV、PAR、NIR和En具有明显的日、年变化,年内其总量分别达6278.867MJ/m^2、1515.139MJ/m^2、311.242MJ/m^2、2576.777MJ/m^2、3397.404MJ/m^2和2542.950MJ/m^2,其中在植物生长期的5—9月分别为3181.215MJ/m^2、698.021MJ/m^2、165.955MJ/m^2、1133.965MJ/m^2、1673.871MJ/m^2和1668.805MJ/m^2。年内Er、UV、PAR、NIR和Eh占Eg的比例分别为0.242、0.048、0.410、0.540和0.410,在植物生长期分别为0.219、0.052、0.413、0.528和0.527。对Eg和PAR提出了下列形式的模拟求算式.Eg=Eg0(0.089.7+0.9768S/S0)和PAR=-3.8044+0.4177%,模拟效果较好,可利用有关常规气象观测资料进行估算。

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络石藤为夹竹桃科络石属植物络石藤Trachelospernum jisminoides(Lindl.)Lem.的干燥带叶藤茎,有祛风通络、凉血消肿之功,主治风湿热痹、筋脉拘挛、腰膝酸痛等症。主要成分为黄酮、木质素类化合物。王杰松等的研究表明,芹菜素类化合物具有骨关节保护作用。因此,本研究采用反相高效液相色谱法测定其中的主要黄酮——芹菜素7-O-β-新橙皮糖苷(AN),为络石藤质量标准的制定提供依据。

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目的 研究藏药市场上9种“藏茵陈”植物中有效化学成分,根据所含成分的差异及其生理活性,确定这些植物的药用价值。方法 采用HPLC法测定7种成分的量。结果 9种植物的有效成分差异很大。结论 针对不同的化学成分用途,选择不同的植物,有效利用资源。[著者文摘]

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海北高寒矮嵩草草甸区植被下的草毡寒冻雏形土属季节性冻土, 因温度低, 冻土在年内的每个月均可发生. 一般在11月中旬可形成稳定的季节冻结层, 至翌年3~4月冻土层厚度最大可达230 cm. 从3月下旬到4月中旬开始, 土壤开始消融, 至6月下旬到7月上旬冻土全部消失. 分析发现, 季节冻土在高寒草甸植被生产力形成过程中有着积极的影响作用, 主要表现在: 1)季节冻土的存在和维持将给高寒植物生长提供良好的土壤水分, 对植物初期营养生长发育有利, 可弥补春夏之交时降水不足所引起的干旱胁迫影响; 2)季节冻土的长时间维持, 有利于植物残体和土壤有机质留存于土壤, 并随土壤冻结和融化过程发生迁移, 可提高土壤肥力; 3)较高的土壤水分有利于土壤胡敏酸的形成, 可保证植物生长所需的其它有机元素的供给; 4)冻土层所形成较高的土壤水分使土体热容量加大, 从而调节因气候异常波动引起的土壤温度变化; 5)季节冻土的变化对植物地上年生产量形成有一定的影响作用, 表现出从10月或11月开始, 土壤冻结速率快, 对提高植物地上年生产量有利. 这也证实, 在未来气候变暖的趋势下, 土壤有机质将加快分解速度, 土壤水分因受温度升高 , 冻结期缩短, 其贮存能力降低; 受温度升高的影响, 地表蒸发能力加大, 若降水仍保持目前的水平, 土壤水分将明显减少, 将导致高寒草甸植被生产力有下降的可能.

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目的通过观察藏药7号水提液对大鼠离体胸动脉条收缩作用的影响,研究藏药7号的降压机制.方法以生理盐水作为对照组,观察藏药7号水提液(6 g/L)和维拉帕米(Ver 0.013 g/L)对高K+液引起的主动脉条收缩的时效影响,观察对KCl、NE及CaCl2引起的大鼠主动脉条收缩的量效曲线的影响,以及对NE引起的依赖于细胞内钙及细胞外钙收缩的影响.结果藏药7号水提液抑制高K+液引起的主动脉收缩(P<0.001);而且可以使KCl、NE及CaCl2引起的大鼠主动脉条收缩的量效曲线非平行右移,最大效应降低,呈非竞争性拮抗作用(P<0.05);与维拉帕米相似,并且对NE引起的依赖于细胞内钙及细胞外钙的收缩均有抑制作用(P<0.05).结论提示藏药7号的降压机制与钙离子通道拮抗剂一致,而且其作用效果比Ver平稳,其最大作用与Ver相近.

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目的 通过对比观察藏药1号与藏药7号水提液对大鼠离体胸动脉条收缩作用的影响,研究藏药1号与藏药7号的降压机制。方法 以生理盐水作为对照组,观察藏药1号与藏药7号水提液(6mg/ml)和维拉帕米(Ver 0.013 mg/ml)对高K~+液引起的主动脉条收缩的时效影响,观察对KCl,NE及CaCl_2引起的大鼠主动脉条收缩的量效曲线的影响,以及对NE引起的依赖于细胞内钙及细胞外钙的收缩的影响。结果 藏药1号与藏药7号水提液抑制高K~+液引起的主动脉收缩(P<0.001);而且可以使KCl,NE及CaCl_2引起的大鼠主动脉条收缩的量效曲线非平行右移,最大效应降低,呈非竞争性拮抗作用(P<0.05),与维拉帕米相似,并且对NE引起的依赖于细胞内钙及细胞外钙的收缩均有抑制作用(P<0.05)。从pD'2值分析,藏药1号的药效作用要强于藏药7号,但比Ver的弱。结论 提示藏药1号与藏药7号的降压机制与钙离子通道拮抗剂一致,而且其作用效果比Ver延迟、平缓,其最大作用与Ver相近。而且藏药1号药效更加显著。

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was measured in a Kobresia humilis meadow and a Potentilla fruticosa meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from June 2003 to July 2006. Five treatments were setup in the two alpine meadows. Two bare soil treatments were setup in the K. humilis meadow (BSK) and in the P. fruticosa meadow (BSP) by removing the above- and belowground plant biomass. Three plant community treatments were setup with one in the K. humilis meadow (herbaceous community in the K. humilis meadow-HCK) and two in the P. fruticosa meadow (herbaceous community in the P. fruticosa meadow-HCP, and shrub community in the P. fruticosa meadow-SCP). Nitrous oxide emission from BSP was estimated to be 38.1 +/- 3.6 mu g m(-2) h(-1), significantly higher than from BSK (30.2 +/- 2.8 mu g m(-2) h(-1)) during the whole experiment period. Rates from the two herbaceous blocks (HCK and HCP) were close to 39.5 mu g m(-2) stop h(-1) during the whole experimental period whereas shrub community (SCP) showed significant high emission rates of N2O. Annual rate of N2O emission was estimated to be 356.7 +/- 8.3 and 295.0 +/- 11.6 mg m(-2) year(-1) from the alpine P. fruticosa meadow and from the alpine K. humilis meadow, respectively. These results suggest that alpine meadows in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are an important source of N2O, contributing an average of 0.3 Tg N2O year(-1). We concluded that N2O emission will decrease, due to a predicted vegetation shift from shrubs to grasses imposed by overgrazing.

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Background and Aims It is an enduring question as to the mechanisms leading to the high diversity and the processes producing endemics with unusual morphologies in the Himalayan alpine region. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships and origins of three such endemic genera were analysed, Dolomiaea, Diplazoptilon and Xanthopappus, all in the tribe Cardueae of Asteraceae.Methods The nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid trnL-F and psbA-trnH regions of these three genera were sequenced. The same regions for other related genera in Cardueae were also sequenced or downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from individual and combined data sets of the three types of sequences using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses.Key Results The phylogenetic tree obtained allowed earlier hypotheses concerning the relationships of these three endemic genera based on gross morphology to be rejected. Frolovia and Saussurea costus were deeply nested within Dolomiaea, and the strong statistical support for the Dolomiaea-Frolovia clade suggested that circumscription of Dolomiaea should be more broadly redefined. Diplazoptilon was resolved as sister to Himalaiella, and these two together are sister to Lipschitziella. The clade comprising these three genera is sister to Jurinea, and together these four genera are sister to the Dolomiaea-Frolovia clade. Xanthopappus, previously hypothesized to be closely related to Carduus, was found to be nested within a well-supported but not fully resolved Onopordum group with Alfredia, Ancathia, Lamyropappus, Olgaea, Synurus and Syreitschikovia, rather than the Cardinis group. The crude dating based on ITS sequence divergence revealed that the divergence time of Dolomiaea-Frolovia from its sister group probably occurred 13.6-12.2 million years ago (Ma), and the divergence times of the other two genera, Xanthopappus and Diplazoptilon, from their close relatives around 5.7-4.7 Ma and 2.0-1.6 Ma, respectively.Conclusions The findings provide an improved understanding of the intergeneric relationships in Cardueae. The crude calibration of lineages indicates that the uplifts of the Qiinghai -Tibetan Plateau since the Miocene might have served as a continuous stimulus for the production of these morphologically aberrant endemic elements of the Himalayan flora.

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本文在分析、归纳、综合的基础上作出了7自由度机械臂的图谱.包括位置空间、奇异空间、回避障碍和回避奇异等问题.给出了一种普遍适用的方法.并介绍了该方法的使用,对7自由度机器人的结构设计和选型有一定的参考价值.

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To investigate the changes in the chemical weathering intensity of dust source region in Asia continent, ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of acid-washed residues from the loess deposits in China and Tajikistan were analyzed, respectively. The results and conclusions are listed as below. 1. The oscillation of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of acid-insoluble residues in the Chinese Loess Plateau was mainly attributed to the chemical weathering intensity of the source region and the grain size. Counteracted the effect of particle size, the calibrated 87Sr/S6Sr ratio can be used as a proxy for the chemical weathering intensity of the source region. 2. The Sr/ Sr ratios of red clay-loess sequence from the Loess Plateau indicate that the chemical weathering intensity of the dust source region between 7.0 and 2.6 Ma is stronger than that in the Quaternary period. This also suggests a general decline in chemical weathering intensity of the source region from 2.6 Ma to the present. Such pattern is more remarkable since 1.0 Ma BP. 3. The ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of the Tajik loess during 0.8-1.8 Ma is much more higher than those from 0.8 Ma to the present. This implies that the chemical weathering intensity of the source region in Central Asia is much stronger during 0.8-1.8 Ma than the period since 0.8 Ma. 4. The record of Sr isotope ratios from both sections shows an accelerating course of aridity of the Asian dust source region over the Quaternary period.

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为了解高温高压条件下,α-β石英相变过程中的弹性性质,在0.7~1.8GPa,室温~1120℃条件下,利用多顶砧波速测量装置,采用脉冲反射-透射法,测量了α石英以及相变为β石英的纵波速度,弹性纵波穿过单晶α石英的方向为平行结晶轴X方向。实验结果表明,随温度升高,α石英的纵波速度开始非线性降低,之后,快速升高,这一现象是由于α-β石英相变引起的,依据晶体对称性与弹性参数的关系确定了α石英的弹性参数(C_(11)),及其随温度和压力的变化关系,同时获得了β石英的弹性参数(C_(11)),实验证实,测量α-β石英相变时的纵波速度,不仅是确定α-β石英相变温度和压力的一种方法,也是校正高压腔体温度和压力的有力手段.

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震旦-寒武交变期是地史上一个重大转折期,从隐生宙向显生宙过渡,海、陆、空发生了显著不同的变化,是一个具有特殊意义的过渡时期。中国扬子地区广泛发育的海相沉积层序有效地记录了震旦一寒武交变期重要的地质事件,因此为研究该时期大气圈、生物圈、岩石圈和水圈的相互联系提供了独一无二的场所。在前寒武纪一寒武纪地质研究中,由于缺少标志性生物化石,行之有效的生物地层学方法在上前寒武系的划分和对比中受到很大限制,沉积有机,质干酪根和相应碳酸盐的稳定碳同位素分析已经成为全球对比和划分的一个极为重要的的研究方法。尽管一些学者对扬子地台进行了多年的地球化学研究,使用碳酸盐和与之共生的有机质碳同位素组成对广泛的扬子地台变化的沉积环境进行研究还很欠缺、对分析和探讨该时期的生命演化过程和环境变化的关系研究方面还不足。本研究是以中国扬子地区为研究范围,用沉积碳酸盐和与之共生的有机质碳同位素组成对广泛的扬子地台变化的沉积环境(台地相、盆地相、过渡地带)进行分析,初步建立了一个地球化学模型,用于解释震旦一寒武交变期沉积地球化学记录,分析和探讨区域扬子地台碳循环和环境变化与地质事件之间的内在和外在联系:(1)南沱期:有机碳同位素组成(瓮安剖面平均值在-35.0‰左右)表现为较强负异常。地球被称为雪球(Snow-ball)或部分冰雪覆盖球体(Slush-ball),水体滞留和水动力不强,原始产率较低,物源以深源为主;生物不发育,主要是细菌和低等的真核细胞生物;空气和海水的气体通过冰裂缝进行交换,促进了碳酸盐的溶解;有机碳循环主要通过厌氧过程,比如细菌硫酸盐还原作用进行。(2)陡山沱期和灯影期:南沱晚期一陡山沱早期,海水的碳酸盐碳同位素组成短期仍然较负(瓮安剖面的δl3Ccarb-avg为-2.8‰ 松桃剖面1、2的δ13Ccarb-avg分别是-3.5%0和-8.6%。);有机质的碳同位素组成总体呈现正漂移(瓮安护3Corg-avg:-26.3‰;南明剖面的δ13Corg-avg高达-26.7‰),这正是全球分布的“帽”碳酸盐出现的时期:接近地表的火山去气作用释放出较之现代350倍的CO2,导致地球迅速变暖,冰雪融化,大陆风化作用加强,海平面上升,“雪球,,转化为“温室,大气中大量的CO2快速转化为碳酸钙沉入海水中。全球可能处于一个异常高的海洋沉积速率时期。随后陡山沱组的护3Ccarb值显著上升,暗示了这一时期生物作用加强,有机碳埋藏速率明显提高,有机碳和还原硫埋藏的增加,导致上层海水345的富集,硫同位素组成较高。热液作用和上升洋流作用促成了瓮安磷矿的形成和瓮安生物群的繁盛。在南沱冰期后的陡山沱期和灯影期,高的别3c的出现主要是由于进行光合作用的海洋植物群体产率的迅速增加、海洋沉积速率的升高、海洋深部水柱中缺氧层的存在、热液活动、上升洋流作用、海水分层结构引起的,而短期同位素组成的负漂移和生物产率的变化则可能是区域事件所造成。明显的碳同位素组成负漂移出现在前寒武/寒武界线附近,这反映了碳短期变化的翻覆,与震旦纪末生物绝灭、环境变化的地质事件相符合。(3)牛蹄塘期:本研究结果发现,在牛蹄塘组/郭家坝组底部黑色岩系中,有机碳、无机碳、有机硫、黄铁矿硫同位素组成值相对较低,有机碳和黄铁矿含量相对较高。δ3Corg-avg和δ3Ccarb-avg分别是-33.9士0.7‰和-2.5=0.4‰;TOC>0.5;黄铁矿平均含量为0.96%间变化;黄铁矿(δ4ScRs)和有机硫同位素组成(δ34SOBS)平均值分别为0.3士7.5‰和3.4土7.1‰。由于牛蹄塘初期的环境变化频繁和不稳定,扬子区处于一段特殊的时期,碳、硫同位素组成延续上震旦统的负漂移现象,海侵事件、还原环境、缺氧事件、裂谷作用火山喷发、、气液喷溢、热水作用等造成海水相刘较深,有机碳埋藏量增大,多金属富集成矿。在牛蹄塘中晚期碳同位素组成趋于稳定,碳同位素组成重化,有机碳和黄铁矿含量降低:碳酸盐和有机质的碳同位素组成平均值分别是0.31±1.0‰和-31.41.3%。(沙滩),呈现稳定的正漂移;TOC平均值是0.8%;沙滩剖面郭家坝组中上部样品的黄铁矿平均含量0.5%;δ34SCRS-avg和δ34SOBS-avg为17.8士2.0‰和16.9±1.8‰。在牛蹄塘中期,随着大气圈和水圈中CO2含量降低、环境稳定,促使寒武纪生物繁盛,可能与增加的寒武系生物产量和微生物作用有关。对牛蹄塘期的环境情况有如下分析:随着全球变暖、海平面迅速上升,上升洋流活跃,由于分层海水的存在,海水在氧化带附近及其上部具有较高的有机物生成率,使寒武纪初期成为形成植物繁衍和带壳动物爆发的重要时期。碳同位素组成由震旦一寒武交变期的不稳定负漂移变化到稳定正漂移,这与世界其它地区的变化相一致。下寒武统富有机碳和黄铁矿的黑色页岩沉积,暗示了早寒武世缺氧环境的存在。(4)凯里期:早中寒武世交变期有机碳和无机碳同位素组成规律的变化,出现在扬子地台台江剖面上。有机质埋藏的变化,与生物从下寒武到中寒武统的变化相联系。碳酸盐和有机碳同位素组成的变化规律,反映了震旦一寒武交变期沉积环境的多变和震旦一寒武交变期碳循环的波动,这与变化的古环境背景、环境条件和生物演化的变化相互联系。碳酸盐碳同位素组成反映了海水最初的同位素信息;海底热液作用和上升一洋流作用可能成为影响碳同位素组成的重要因素。然而,各一地区在同一时期存在相似性,也有很大的不同,所以针对区域和局部事件,还需要进一步研究和探讨。