有机质在贵州晴隆大厂锑矿成矿过程中的作用

锑成矿中有机作用的研究国内外进行得极少，本文首先运用（有机）包裹体探讨了大厂锑成矿流体的一系列物理化学性质和主要成矿特征：1．成矿温度与盐度分别为150-180℃ 和10-12 Wt%，2．主成矿阶段水质类型属 F-SO_4Ca－K型，气相成份中甲烷含量较高(C_1/C_2～C_4 > 1)，3. 成矿介质水主要来自大气降水，δD＝-63～-66‰, δ~(18)O = -3.5～-0.6‰)。有机地球化学研究显示岭好组有机碳含量高（平均 Corg = 0.71% > 0.5%)，完全具备生油能力，是一重要的烃源层。有机质反射率（Ro）达1.87-2.93%，演化程序较高，热变沥青多呈充填状，具明显的运移特征。模拟实验证明石油对锑有较强的萃取能力，可作为 Sb 迁移的良好载体；且按萃取实验结果，有机迁移与无机迁移同等重要。对腐殖酸（质）和高硫原油作了较详细的讨论－－腐殖酸（质）在形成矿源层中有重要作用，高硫原油热裂解本身可以产生H_2S，提供部份硫；而辉锑矿的最终形成则缘于大气降水的加入，温度降低和氧化等因素综合作用的结构。总结不同阶段不同有机质的不同作用，提出了有机－无机综合成矿模式。

An industrial scale dehydration process for natural gas involving membranes

An industrial scale dehydration process based on hollow fiber membranes for lowering the dew point of natural gas is described in this paper. A pilot test with the feed flux scale of 12x10(4) Nm(3)/d was carried out. Dew points of -8 degreesC-13 degreesC at a gas transport pressure in the pipeline of 4.6M Pa and methane recovery of more than 98% were attained. The water vapor content of the product gas could be maintained around 0.01 vol% during a continuous run of about 700 hours. The effects of feed flux and operation pressure on methane recovery and water vapor content were also investigated. Additionally, some auxiliary technologies, such as a full-time engine using natural gas as fuel and the utilization of vent gas in the process, are also discussed. A small amount of the vent gas from the system was used as a fuel for an engine to drive vacuum pumps, and the heat expelled from the engine was used to warm up the natural gas feed. The whole system can be operated in a self-sustainable manner from an energy point of view, and has a relatively high efficiency in the utilization of natural gas.

A two-stage process with temperature-shift for enhanced anthocyanin production in strawberry cell suspension cultures

A two-stage process with temperature-shift has been developed to enhance the anthocyanin yield in suspension cultures of strawberry cells. The effect of the temperature-shift interval and the shift-time point was investigated for the optimization of this strategy. In this process, strawberry cells were grown at 30 degrees C (the optimum temperature for cell growth) for a certain period as the first stage, with the temperature shifted to a lower temperature for the second stage. In response to the temperature shift-down, anthocyanin synthesis was stimulated and a higher content could be achieved than that at both boundary temperatures but cell growth was suppressed. When the lower boundary temperature was decreased, cell growth was lowered and a delayed, sustained maximum anthocyanin content was achieved. Anthocyanin synthesis was strongly influenced by the shift-time point but cell growth was not. Consequently, the maximum anthocyanin content of 2.7 mg.g-fresh cell(-1) was obtained on day 9 by a temperature-shift from 30 degrees C, after 3-d culture, to 15 degrees C. The highest anthocyanin yield of 318 mg.L-1 on day 12 was achieved when the temperature was shifted from 30 degrees C, after 5-d culture, to 20 degrees C. For a global optimization of both the yield and productivity, the optimum anthocyanin yield and productivity of 272 mg.L-1 and 30.2 mg.L-1.d(-1) on day 9 were achieved by a two-stage culture with a temperature-shift from 30 degrees C after 3 d to 20 degrees C.

应急疏散语音告警信号设计参数的研究

Voice alarm plays an important role in emergency evacuation of public place, because it can provide information and instruct evacuation. This paper studied the optimization of acoustic and semantic parameters of voice alarms in emergency evacuation, so that alarm design can improve the evacuation performance. Both method of magnitude estimation and scale were implemented to investigate participants' perceived urgency of the alarms with different parameters. The results indicated that, participants evaluated the alarms with faster speech rate, with greater signal to noise ratio (SNR) and under louder noises more urgent. There was an interaction between noise level and content of voice alarm. Signals with speech rate below 4 characters / second were evaluated as non urgent at all. Intelligibility of the voice alarm was investigated by evaluating the key pointed recognition performance. The results showed that, speech rate’s effect was a marginal significance, and 7 characters / second has the highest intelligibility. It might because that the faster the signal spoken, the more attention was paid. Gender of speaker and SNR did not have a significant effect on the signals’ intelligibility. This paper also investigated impact of voice alarms' content on human behavior in emergency evacuation in a 3-D virtual reality environment. In condition of "telling the occupants what had happened and what to do", the number of participants who succeeded in evacuation was the largest. Further study, in which similar numbers of participants evacuate successfully in three conditions, indicated that the reaction time and evacuation time was the shortest in the aforesaid condition. Although one-way ANOVA shows that the difference was not significant, the results still provided some reference to the alarm design. In sum, parameters of voice alarm in emergency evacuation should be chosen to meet needs from both perceived urgency and intelligibility. Contents of the alarms should include "what had happened and what to do", and should vary according to noise levels in different public places.

Development of an in vitro multicellular tumor spheroid model using microencapsulation and its application in anticancer drug screening and testing

In this study, an in vitro multicellular tumor spheroid model was developed using microencapsulation, and the feasibility of using the microencapsulated. multicellular tumor spheroid (MMTS) to test the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs was investigated. Human MCF-7 breast cancer cells were encapsulated in alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules, and a single multicellular spheroid 150 mu m in diameter was formed in the microcapsule after 5 days of cultivation. The cell morphology, proliferation, and viability of the MMTS were characterized using phase contrast microscopy, BrdU-Iabeling, MTT stain, calcein AM/ED-2 stain, and H&E stain. It demonstrated that the MMTS was viable and that the proliferating cells were mainly localized to the periphery of the cell spheroid and the apoptotic cells were in the core. The MCF-7 MMTS was treated with mitomycin C (MC) at a concentration of 0.1, 1, or 10 times that of peak plasma concentration (ppc) for up to 72 h. The cytotoxicity was demonstrated. clearly by the reduction in cell spheroid size and the decrease in cell viability. The MMTS was further used to screen the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs, treated with MC, adriamycin (ADM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 ppc for 24, 48, and 72 h. MCF-7 monolayer culture was used as control. Similar to monolayer culture, the cell viability of MMTS was reduced after treatment with anticancer drugs. However, the inhibition rate of cell viability in MMTS was much lower than that in monolayer culture. The MMTS was more resistant to anticancer drugs than monolayer culture. The inhibition rates of cell viability were 68.1%, 45.1%, and 46.8% in MMTS and 95.1%, 86.8%, and 91.6% in monolayer culture treated with MC, ADM, and 5-FU at 10 ppc for 72 h, respectively. MC showed the strongest cytotoxicity in both MMTS and monolayer, followed by 5-FU and ADM. It demonstrated that the MMTS has the potential to be a rapid and valid in vitro model to screen chemotherapeutic drugs with a feature to mimic in vivo three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth pattern.