异戊二烯稀土催化聚合过程中配合物结构及其转化的~(13)C-NMR研究

本文用~(13)C-NMR研究了异戊二烯(IP)在均相催化剂(CF_3CO_2)_2LnCl·EtOH—(i-Bu)AlH—o-C_6D_4Cl_2作用下的聚合过程。单体首先被活化同稀土配位生成η~4-IP稀土配合物(反式和顺式),然后η~4-IP的C-3和C-4插入Ln-H键生成η~3-烯丙基稀土配合物——η~3-(2-甲基)丁烯基稀土配合物(同式和对式)。二维~(13)C-NMR交换谱表明η~4-IP和0η~3-烯丙基的每对异构体在常温下分别进行慢交换反应(互变异构),这一过程使插入反应在常温下得以进行。

不同配位基团稀土化合物在异戊二烯本体聚合中的催化活性

采用本体聚合法,以合成高顺式-1,4结构的稀土异戊橡胶为目的,对6种稀土催化体系的催化恬性进行了研究。结果表明,催化活性顺序为:对烷基铝,Al(i-Bu)_3>AIEts >AlMes,对氯化物,Al(i-Bu)_2Cl>AlEt_2Cl>Al_2Et_3Cl_3>Me_3CCl;对钕化物,Nd(naph)_3>NdCl_3·nD(D为给电子试剂)>Nd[R(RO)POO]_3>Nd[(RO)_2POO]_3>Nd(OCHMe_2)_3,式中R为Me(CH_2)_3CHEtCH_2—。

丁二烯和异戊二烯的本体共聚合

研究了丁二烯(Bd)和异戊二烯(Ip)在Nd(naph)_3-Al(i-Bu)_3-Al_2Et_3Cl_3(Nd-Al-Cl)催化体系中的本体共聚合反应。当[Nd]≥4×10~(-7)mol/g单体时,转化率可达80％以上,并随Al/Nd(mol比)值的增大而提高,大于40时,转化率趋于平坦;而共聚物[η]则下降。Bd/Ip对转化率无影响,Bd/Ip=30/70时,[η]有最低值,所得硫化胶性能较好,共聚物T_t随Bd含量的增加而降低,并介于IR和BR之间。共聚物的组成比与单体配比相近似,其中顺式-1,4 Bd链节含量大于99％,顺式-1,4 Ip链节含量为96％。

稀土-其它过渡金属混合催化剂用于共轭双烯烃的聚合——Ⅲ.关于两种活性中心及其聚合机理的探讨

研究了(NdCl_3+FeCl_3)r phen-HA_2(i-Bu)_2体系聚合丁二烯。通过固定催化剂中稀土(或铁)含量而改变铁(或稀土)含量的方法,证明了此聚合体系中存在两种不同的对丁二烯聚合有很高催化活性的活性中心,即能使丁二烯聚合成高顺式产物的Nd活性中心,和使丁二烯聚合成几乎是等二元(cis-1,4和1,2构型),聚合物的Fe活性中心。所得产物具确两个T_g和产物分级后可得到cis-1,4为92％和1,2含量为54％的级分,为以上结论也提供了旁证。两种活性中心的催化活性受铝比、聚合温度等的影响,稀土活性体对聚合条件比过渡金属活性体有较宽的适应范围。对其聚合机理进行了探讨,认为两种活性中心分别按各自的聚合机理进行聚合反应。

环烷酸亚铁-烷基铝-邻菲咯啉-卤化物体系催化丁二烯聚合的研究

本文研究了Fe(naph)_2(环烷酸亚铁)-Al(i-Bu)_3(三异丁基铝)-Phen(邻菲咯啉)-卤化物体系催化丁二烯聚合的一般规律。实验证实:卤化物可以提高体系的催化活性,调节聚合物的分子量,并能增加体系活性中心的稳定性;加料方式对体系的催化活性有显著的影响。催化剂的紫外-可见光谱研究表明:510nm处的吸收代表了此体系活性中心的特征吸收。

溶剂对聚乙炔合成及性能的影响

聚乙快的不稳定性及难以加工影响了其应用.最近,Naarmann通过陈化在硅油中的Ti(OBu)_4~-AlEt_3催化体系及加入不同量的Li-(n-Bu)制得了拉伸后电导率达10~5S/cm的聚乙炔膜,此膜的电导和形态在空气中几个月几乎不发生改变.我们曾报导用加热的甲苯-Ti(OBu)_4~--AlEt_3催化体系合成高性能聚乙炔膜.本文进一步讨论不同溶剂对高性能聚乙炔(HPPA)合成及性能的影响.

聚乙烯和丁腈橡胶共混体系辐射交联的初步研究

本文研究了辐射交联对PE/AN-Bu共混体系的结构和性能的影响。证实共混体系对文献[1]给出的溶胶分数与辐照剂量关系式的适用性。

Molecular cloning, characterization and mRNA expression of peroxiredoxin in Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri

Peroxiredoxin V (PRX V) is known as an atypical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin that protects the organisms against various oxidative stresses and functions in signal transduction. The cDNA of a PRX V gene (designated as CfPRX) was cloned from scallop Chlamys farreri. The full-length sequence of CfPRX cDNA was of 2,179 bp with a 564 bp open reading frame encoding a peptide of 187 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that CfPRX shared higher identities with PRX Vs than that with other isoforms of PRX, indicating CfPRX was a member of the PRX V family. Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the presence of CfPRX transcripts in gill filaments, adductor muscle, heart, gonad, kidney and hemocytes, and the stimulation of Listonella anguillarum significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced the mRNA expression of CfPRX in hemocyte. These results indicated that CfPRX was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein which was involved in the immune resistance to L. anguillarum stimulation.

The expression of peptidoglycan recognition protein-S1 gene in the scallop Chlamys farreri was enhanced after a second challenge by Listonella anguillarum

A more rapid and powerful response against repeated exposure of same pathogen in vertebrates is usually considered as the reflection of immunological memory, but it is not well understood in invertebrates. In the present Study, the temporal expression profiles of Chlamys farreri peptidoglycan recognition protein-S1 (CfPGRP-S1) gene after two challenges of Listonella anguillarum were examined to evaluate priming response in scallops. The up-regulation of CFPGRP-S1 mRNA occurred 3 h earlier, and the expression level was significant higher (P < 0.05), after the second challenge than that after the first challenge. The preliminary results Provided new insights into invertebrate immunological memory, and they also would be helpful to develop strategies for disease control. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The polymorphism of lysozyme gene in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and its association with susceptibility/resistance to Listonella anguillarum

Lysozyme functions as a crucial biodefence effector against the infection of bacterial pathogens in innate immunity. The nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in promoter region of a nuclear goose type lysozyme gene from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri (designated as CFLysG) were investigated to explore their association with susceptibility/resistance to Listonella anguillarum infection. Eight sites of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two sites of insert-deletion (ins-del) polymorphisms were identified in the promoter region of CFLysG. Two of them, -753 TATCTCGATCAGG ins-del polymorphism and -391 A-G SNP were selected to analyze their distribution in the susceptible and resistant stocks, which were identified according to the survival time after L. anguillarum challenge. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), two genotypes were found at each site, which were ins/del and ins/ins at locus -753, and A/A and A/G at locus -391, respectively. The -753 ins/del genotype was more prevalent in the resistant stock than that in the susceptible stock, 30% vs 16.67% in frequency, but there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution between these two stocks (P=0.15). In contrast, the frequency of -391A/G genotype in the resistant stock was significantly higher (30%) than that in the susceptible stock (7.14%) (P=0.007), indicating a significant association with the resistance of Zhikong scallop to L anguillarum. To confirm the presumption, another independent challenge experiment was performed, in which the cumulative mortality of scallops with -391 A/A genotype (96.8%) was significantly higher than those with -391 A/G genotype (64.5%) (P=0.001), which further validate the association between -391 A/G genotype and the resistance of Zhikong scallop to L anguillarum. These results suggested that the -391 A/G could be a potential marker applied in future selection of Zhikong scallop with enhanced resistance to L anguillarum. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel C-type lectin (Cflec-3) from Chlamys farreri with three carbohydrate-recognition domains

C-type lectins are a superfamily of carbohydrate-recognition proteins which play crucial roles in the innate immunity. In this study, the gene of a C-type lectin with multiple carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) from scallop Chlamys farreri (designated as Cflec-3) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach based on expression sequence tag (EST) analysis. The full-length cDNA of Cflec-3 was of 2256 bp. The open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 516 amino acids, including a signal sequence and three CRDs. The deduced amino acid sequence of Cflec-3 showed high similarity to members of C-type lectin superfamily. By fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR, the Cflec-3 mRNA was mainly detected in hepatopancreas, adductor, mantle, and marginally in gill, gonad and hemocytes of healthy scallops. After scallops were challenged by Listonella anguillarum, the mRNA level of Cflec-3 in hemocytes was up-regulated and was significantly higher than that of blank at 8 h and 12 h post-challenge. The function of Cflec-3 was investigated by recombination and expression of the cDNA fragment encoding its mature peptide in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)-pLysS. The recombined Cflec-3 (rCflec-3) agglutinated Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri. The agglutinating activity was calcium-dependent and could be inhibited by D-mannose. These results collectively suggested that Cflec-3 was involved in the immune response against microbe infection and contributed to nonself-recognition and clearance of bacterial pathogens in scallop. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.