Development of the East Asian summer monsoon: Evidence from the sediment record in the South China Sea since 8.5 Ma

128 samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea were analyzed for grain size, clay minerals, biogenic opal content and quartz in order to reconstruct changes in East Asian monsoon climate since 8.5 Ma. An abrupt change of terrigenous mass accumulation rate (MAR), clay mineral assemblage, median grain size and biogenic opal MAR about 5.2 Ma suggests that between 8.5-5.2 Ma the source of terrigenous sediment was mainly in the region of surface uplift and basaltic volcanism in southern Vietnam. A simple model of East Asian summer monsoon evolution was based on the clay/feldspar ratio, kaolinite/chlorite ratio and biogenic opal MAR. The summer monsoon has two periods of maximum strength at 8.5-7.6 Ma and 7.1-6.2 Ma. Subsequently, there was a relatively stable period at 6.2-3.5 Ma, continued intensification about 3.5-2.5 Ma, and gradually weakening after 2.5 Ma. Since I Ma the monsoon has intensified, with remarkable high-frequency and amplitude variability. Simultaneous increase in sedimentation rates at ODP Sites 1143, 1146 and 1148, as well as in MAR of terrigenous materials, quartz, feldspar and clay minerals at ODP Site 1143 at 3.5-2.5 Ma, may be the erosional response to both global climatic deterioration and the strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon after about 3-4 Ma. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

刺参遗传连锁图谱构建及卵母细胞成熟过程研究

第一部分 刺参遗传连锁图谱的构建 利用AFLP和微卫星标记以一个远缘地理杂交家系为作图群体，以拟测交理论为作图策略，构建了刺参Apostichopus japonicus的雌性和雄性遗传连锁图谱。利用62对AFLP引物组合，对亲本和93个个体进行了分离分析，共得到3572个标记，其中具有多态性的标记为点数为1133个，多态性比例为31.5%。平均每个引物对产生18.3个多态片段。1133个多态性位点中，294个标记在父母本中都出现并在后代中分离，839个标记在父本或母本中出现并在子代分离，其中母本443(52.8%)个分离标记，父本396(47.2%)个分离标记。卡方检验显示，556个标记符合孟德尔1:1分离。筛选微卫星标记中30个在家系中具有作图信息，其中19个可用于母本作图，19个可用于父本作图。 利用Mapmaker 3.0/EXP软件对分离标记进行连锁分析。358个分子标记用于雌性遗传连锁分析，其中包括19个微卫星标记，199个AFLP标记和11个微卫星标记定位在雌性框架图谱中。雌性框架图谱共有25个连锁群，总长度为3148.3 cM。标记之间最大间隔为37.5 cM，平均间隔为17.0 cM，连锁群的分子标记数最大为21个最小为4个。用于雄性连锁分析的分子标记共有332个，其中包含19个微卫星标记。207个标记定位于23个连锁群上，其中AFLP标记数为196个，微卫星标记数为11个。23个连锁群总长度为3059.8 cM，标记间最大间隔38.6 cM，平均间隔16.6 cM。每个连锁群的长度范围在40 cM到271.4 cM之间，标记数在18到4个之间，包括二、三连体在内的雄性连锁图谱共覆盖3227 cM。雌雄基因组的预测长度分别为4053.7 cM和3816.3 cM，因此，所构建的雌雄连锁图谱覆盖率分别为84.0%和84.5%。通过共有微卫星标记，有3个连锁群在两个图谱中对应。分子标记在两个图谱中呈均匀分布，没有成簇现象。 分子标记筛选、遗传图谱的构建为刺参分子标记辅助选择育种，经济性状QTL定位和比较基因作图打下基础，并且最终将促进中国刺参遗传改良和新品种的培育工作。 第二部分 卵母细胞成熟过程研究 对刺参卵母细胞的体外诱导成熟方法进行探索，并且通过透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜结合超薄切片技术及间接免疫荧光染色技术研究卵母细胞成熟的生物学过程。 分别利用在海参中有诱导作用的海星神经提取液和二硫苏糖醇(DTT)对从成熟卵巢解剖出的刺参卵母细胞进行诱导成熟试验，结果显示，刺参的卵母细胞在海水中不会发生自发成熟，海星神经提取液以及神经提取液加滤泡悬浮液对卵母细胞没有诱导成熟的作用，而二硫苏糖醇处理可以诱导卵母细胞生发泡破裂，当DTT溶液的浓度处于10-1 mol/L到10-3 mol/L之间时，对刺参卵母细胞的促熟作用较为明显，在10-2 mol/L左右时，卵母细胞的诱导成熟率可以达到90%以上。未成熟的卵母细胞处于第一次减数分裂前期，不具备受精能力。经DTT诱导后，生发泡发生移动并破裂，染色体排列到赤道板上，然后第一、二极体先后排出，诱导成熟的卵母细胞排出极体的时间与自然受精的卵子一致。在卵母细胞成熟过程中有受精膜举起的现象，说明精子入卵不是受精膜举起的必要条件。卵母细胞只有在生发泡破裂之后才具有受精能力，从生发泡破裂到第二极体排出前的整个减数分裂过程中，卵母细胞都可以受精，但是只有在第一极体排出前受精的卵母细胞才能发生卵裂。人工促熟的卵母细胞受精后，形成的胚胎似乎并不能正常发育，试验过程中最多只得到了8细胞期的胚胎，之后细胞便产生畸形并停止分裂，最终裂解消失。 利用DTT诱导刺参卵母细胞成熟，综合运用光镜、电子显微镜及激光共聚焦技术观察卵母细胞成熟过程，分析了卵母细胞表面动物极突起在卵母细胞脱滤泡中的作用，以及卵母细胞动物极突起和微管组织在生发泡移动过程中所起的作用。卵母细胞通过动物极突起连接到滤泡上，在脱滤泡作用开始时，卵母细胞动物极突起刺入并穿过滤泡膜，使得滤泡膜表面形成一个缺口，然后整个卵母细胞开始从缺口处挤出。脱滤泡的作用力来源有两种：胶膜层的水合作用以及滤泡的收缩。通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察，未成熟的卵母细胞中存在5种类型的微管，并且有两个微管组织中心锚定在卵母细胞突起下方。减数分裂重新启动时，生发泡沿微管向动物极移动，至细胞膜下时破裂。微管解聚对照实验证明驱动生发泡移动的细胞结构为微管束。生发泡破裂后，两个微管组织中心组织形成减数分裂纺锤体，然后第一极体以“收缩-排出”的独特方式排出。 本研究填补了刺参繁殖生物学研究中的缺失环节，为刺参人工繁育技术提供理论基础和指导。

Crystal structure of (5R,10R)-2,7-dibromo-3,8-dihydroxy-5,10-dimethoxy-5,10-dihydrochromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene sesquihydrate, C16H12Br2O6 center dot 1.5H(2)O

C16H15Br2O7.5, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2 (no. 18), a = 18.483(2) angstrom, b = 9.413(1) angstrom, c = 10.072(1) angstrom, V = 1752.3 angstrom(3), Z = 4, R-gt(F) = 0.083, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.202, T= 293 K.

Unprecedented 5,5-connected (4(7)center dot 6(3)) (4(8)center dot 6(2)) structural topology: A lead biphosphonate with double layered structure

A new lead(II) phosphonate, Pb[(PO3)(2)C(OH)CH3]center dot H2O (1) was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, UV, TGA, SEM, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray crystallographic study showed that complex 1 has a two-dimensional double layered hybrid structure containing interconnected 4- and 12-membered rings and shows an unusual (5,5)-connected (4(7) . 6(3)) (4(8) .6(2)) topology. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

中国西部高山8种龙胆属植物的染色体数目

本文报道了我国西部高山上的8种龙胆属植物的染色体数目。其中宽街龙胆（Gentianaampla）的染色体数目为Zn＝48，提钟龙胆（G．stipitataSubsp．timensis）的染色体数目为2n=26）小齿龙胆（G．microdonta）和四数龙胆（G．lineolata）的染色体数目为2n=24，南山龙胆（G．grumil）的染色体数目为2n=18，上述5种植物的染色体数目为首次报道。其余蓝玉簪龙胆（G．veitchiorum）的染色体数目为2n=24，线叶龙胆（G．lawrenci Burk．var．farrei）的染色体数目为2n＝48，钻叶龙胆的染色体数目为2n＝18。

8位单片机仍是当前应用的主流

８位单片机仍是当前应用的主流辽宁省单片微机学会理事长　中科院沈阳自动化研究所马喜顺　在半世纪之交，基于半导体集成技术的突飞猛进的发展，各种类型的单片机正日新月异地涌向市场，为单片机技术的应用人员提供了极大的方便。１９７５年美国德州仪器（ＴＩ）公司推出…。

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区长6-长8沉积相及储层研究

The exploration in recent years shows that the Yanchang Formation in the southwest of Ordos Basin is of great resource potential and good exploration and exploitation prospect. In the thesis ，sedimentary source analysis，sedimentary system，sedimentary microfacies，sandstones distribution and reservoir characteristic are studied and favorable oil area are forecasted in Chang6-Chang8 of Yanchang formation in HuanXian region， by mainly study on the data of field section observation ，core observation, well logging explaination and routine microscope slice identification，scanning Electron Microscope and reservoir analysis of lithology and physical property , Under the guidance of such advanced theories and methods as sedimentology，reservoir sedimentology，lithological oil pool and so on. The stratum of Chang6-Chang8 of Yanchang formation could be divided into pieces of member following the principles that firstly contrasting the big segments, then contrasting the small segments, being controlled by cycle and consulting the thickness etc.And the characteristic of stratum are detailed discussed , respectively. Based on the source direction of the central basin, heavy and light minerals are used to analyse source direction of Chang6 and Chang8 member, in HuanXian area. Research result shows that the source of Chang6 and Chang8 member is mixed provenance,including west-south,west and east-north. By the study of rock types、 sedimentary conformation、lithology and electromotive curve combination and palaeo-biology,lake、delta and braided delta mianly developed in study area are recognized, Subaqueous distributary channels in delta front and in braided delta front, and sand body in deep-lake turbidite, are the main reservoir.forthermore,the characteristic of depositional system and sandy body in space are discussed. Applied with routine microscope slice identification, Scanning Electron Microscope, reservoir lithology and physical property analysis and other analytic machinery, Feldspar-lithic fine-sandstone and feldspar fine-sandstone are mainly sandstone of Y Chang6-Chang8 in Huanxian area, small pore and tiny pore are the main pore types, tiny throat type and micro-fine throat type are widely developed , secondary dissolution porosity, intercrystal porosity, tiny pore and micro-crack are main pore types.Intergranular porosity and dissolution porosity secondary is the main pore secondary. The dominant diagenesis types in the area are compaction, cementation, replacement and dissolution. Chlorite films cementation facies, carbonate cementation facies ,mud cementation compaction facie, compaction 、pressure solution facies are the main diagenetic facies,in which Chlorite films cementation facies is the best diagenetic facies in study area. Reservoir influence factor analysis ,rock types are the main factor forming this low-pore and low-permeability of Chang6-Chang8 member in study area,and relatively higher permeability area are cortrolled by sedimentary facies distribution, diagenesis improved reservoir physical property. According to the distributing of sedimentary micro-facies and sandy body , and the test oil, favorable region in Chang6-Chang8 are forecasted.

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长8段砂岩输导体定量表征研究

Migration carriers act as the “Bridges” connecting source rock and traps and play important roles in petroleum migration and accumulation system. Among various types of carriers, sandstone carrier constitutes the basis of carrier system consisting of connected sandstone bodies, of sand-bodies connected with other carriers, such as faults and/or unconformities. How do we understand sandstone carrier beyond the traditional reservoirs concept? How could we characterize quantitatively this kind of carriers for petroleum migration? Such subjects are important and difficult contents in dynamic studies on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Sandstone carrier of Chang 8 member in Longdong area of Ordos Basin is selected as the research target in this thesis. Through conducting integrated reservoir analysis on many single wells, the correlation between single sandstone thickness and oil thickness seems good. Sketch sandstone is defined in this thesis as the principal part of carrier based on systematical analysis on lithology and sandstone thickness. Geometry connectivity of sandstone bodies was identified by the spatial superposition among them and was proved by the oil property features in oilfields. The connectivity between sandstone carriers is also hydrodynamically studied by observing and analyzed various diagenetic phenomena, especially the authigenic minerals and their forming sequence. The results were used to characterize transporting capability of sandstone carriers during the key petroleum migration periods. It was found that compaction and cementation are main causes to reduce pore space, and resolution may but not so importantly increases pore space after the occurrence of first migration. The cements of ferrocalcite and kiesel seem like the efficient index to demonstrate the hydraulic connection among sandy bodies. Diagenetic sequence and its relationship with petroleum migration phases are analyzed. Sandstone carrier of Chang 8 member was then characterized by studying their pore space and permeable properties. The results show an average porosity and permeability of Chang 8 carriers are respectively 8% and 0.50md, belongs to low porosity - low permeability reservoirs. Further, the physical properties of Chang 81 member are commonly better than those of Chang 82 member. Methods to reconstruct property of sandstone carrier during petroleum migration phase (late Jurassic) are built based on diagenetic sequence. Planal porosity, porosity and permeability of sandstone carrier in this period are statistically analyzed. One combining index - product of thickness and ancient porosity - is selected as the idea parameter to characterize sandstone carrier of late Jurassic after contrast with other parameters. Reservoirs of Chang 8 member in Longdong area are lithological reservoir controlled by sand body in which oil layers in middle part are clamped with dry layers in upper and lower parts, in a sandwich way. Based a newly proposed “migration-diagensis-remigration” model in low permeability sandstone of Chang 8 member in Longdong area, oil migration and accumulation processes during different periods are simulated with the reconstructed sandstone carriers system. Results match well with current reservoir distributions. Finally, suggestions for next favorable exploration areas are given based on all research achievements.

苏里格气田苏6加密井区山1-盒8层段河流沉积体系分析

Sulige gas field is located in Northwest of Yi-Shan Slope of the Ordos Basin. The Shan 1 Member of the Shanxi Formation and He8 Member of the ShiHeZi Formation are not only objective strata of research but also main producing strata of the Sulige Field. From core and wireline log data of 32 wells in well Su6 area of Sulige field, no less than six lithofaice types can be recognised. They are Gm,Sl,Sh,Sm,Sp,Fl,Fm. Box-shaped, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped and line-segment-shaped log are typcial gamma-ray log characters and shapes. The Depositonal system of the Shan1-He8 strata in research area have five bounding-surface hierarchies and was composed of six architectural elements, CH, LS,FF（CH）,SB,LA,GB. The depositional model of Shan 1 was the type of a sandy meandering river with natural levee, abandoned channels and crevasse splay. Channel depth of this model maybe 7-12 m and the fullest-bank flow can reach 14 m high. Based on analysis of depositional causes, a sandy braided river model for the depositional system of He 8 can be erected. It consists of active main channels, active chute channels, sheet-like sand bars, abandoned main channels and abandoned chute channels. Channel depth of this model can be 3-4 m with 9 m of highest flow. Six gamma-ray log cross sections show that the connectivity of sandbodies through Shan 1 Member is lower than He 8. Influenced by occurrence of mudy and silty deposits, vertical connectivity of sandbodies through He 8 is not high.

0.7～1.8 GPa,室温～1120℃条件下α-β石英相变的弹性参数

为了解高温高压条件下,α-β石英相变过程中的弹性性质,在0.7～1.8GPa,室温～1120℃条件下,利用多顶砧波速测量装置,采用脉冲反射-透射法,测量了α石英以及相变为β石英的纵波速度,弹性纵波穿过单晶α石英的方向为平行结晶轴X方向。实验结果表明,随温度升高,α石英的纵波速度开始非线性降低,之后,快速升高,这一现象是由于α-β石英相变引起的,依据晶体对称性与弹性参数的关系确定了α石英的弹性参数(C_(11)),及其随温度和压力的变化关系,同时获得了β石英的弹性参数(C_(11)),实验证实,测量α-β石英相变时的纵波速度,不仅是确定α-β石英相变温度和压力的一种方法,也是校正高压腔体温度和压力的有力手段.