502 resultados para 7140-226


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Identification of conserved genomic regions within and between different genomes is crucial when studying genome evolution. Here, we described regions of strong synteny conservation between vertebrate deuterostomes (tetrapods and teleosts) and invertebrat

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We constructed a high redundancy bacterial artificial chromosome library of a seriously endangered Old World Monkey, the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) from China. This library contains a total of 136 320 BAC clones. The average insert size of BAC clones was estimated to be 148 kb. The percentage of small inserts (50-100 kb) is 2.74%, and only 2.67% non-recombinant clones were observed. Assuming a similar genome size with closely related primate species, the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey BAC library has at least six times the genome coverage. By end sequencing of randomly selected BAC clones, we generated 201 sequence tags for the library. A total of 139 end-sequenced BAC clones were mapped onto the chromosomes of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey by fluorescence in-situ hybridization, demonstrating a high degree of synteny conservation between humans and Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys. Blast search against human genome showed a good correlation between the number of hit clones and the size of the chromosomes, an indication of unbiased chromosomal distribution of the BAC library. This library and the mapped BAC clones will serve as a valuable resource in comparative genomics studies and large-scale genome sequencing of nonhuman primates. The DNA sequence data reported in this paper were deposited in GenBank and assigned the accession number CG891489-CG891703.

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Limited information is available on the prevalence among rural Africans of host genetic polymorphisms conferring resistance to HIV-1 infection or slowing HIV disease progression.We report the allelic frequencies of the AIDS-related polymorphisms CCR2-64I, SDF1-3#A, and CCR5-D32 in 321 volunteers from 7 ethnic groups in Cameroon. Allelic frequencies differed among the 7 ethnic groups, ranging from 10.8% to 31.3% for CCR2-64I and 0.0% to 7.1% for SDF1-3#A. No CCR5-D32 alleles were found. HIV seroprevalence was 6.9% in the total population and peaked at younger ages in girls and women than in boys and men. Among 15- to 54-year-olds, HIV seroprevalence varied from 2.0% to 11.1% among the village populations. Conditional logistic regression analysis using data from boys and men aged 15 to 54 years showed the number of CCR2-64I alleles to be a significant risk factor for HIV seropositivity (odds ratio per allele adjusted for age and matched on ethnic group = 6.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–30.3); this association was not found in women. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CCR2-64I alleles may delay HIV disease progression without affecting susceptibility to infection among men. We did not observe this relation among women, and other factors, such as multiple pregnancies or maternal stressors (eg, breastfeeding), may have masked any protective effect of CCR2-64I alleles. Further study of this issue among women is warranted. SDF1-3#A did not differ between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals but wasassociated with increasing age among HIV-seronegative women, suggesting a protective effect against HIV-1 infection.

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Cathelicidins 是天然免疫系统中的一种带正电的宿主防御肽段,它们广泛地 分布在哺乳类及其他一些物种如鱼类,鸟类中。它们均包含保守的前肽区和多变 的C-末端成熟抗菌肽区域,该抗菌肽区域无论是在种间还是种内都不保守。 我们首次分别从爬行纲眼镜蛇科的眼镜蛇,金环蛇,眼镜王蛇三种毒蛇的毒 腺cDNA 文库中克隆了3 个cathelicidin 编码序列。所克隆到的序列编码的开放 阅读框架均长576bp,编码191 个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白前体。从cDNA 开放阅 读框推导得到的毒蛇cathelicidin 都含有22 个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽, 135 个 氨基酸残基组成的cathelin 保守区域以及34 个氨基酸残基组成的成熟肽区域。 与哺乳类中的cathelicidin 基因的高度多样性不同,来源于3 种毒蛇的cathelicidin 基因在核酸和蛋白水平都比较保守。结构分析表明,以上3 种毒蛇的cathelicidin 成熟肽由第157 位的Val 被elastase 切割而产生。采用化学合成法合成推导得到 的眼镜王蛇的cathelicidin(OH-CATH)。在1% NaCl 的浓度下,该合成肽对测试 的多种细菌具有很强的抑菌活性,MIC 值为1-20 μg/ml。与此同时,即使当浓度 高达200 μg/ml 时,该合成的肽段对人的红细胞依然没有溶血活性。对脊椎动物 的cathelicidin 遗传进化树分析发现毒蛇类的cathelicidin 聚在一起。从进化上看, 蛇的cathelicidin 与来源于小鼠、大鼠、兔的中性粒细胞颗粒蛋白更接近。毒蛇 的cathelicidin 可能为新药开发提供了一个很好的模板。

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cDNA序列.序列分析显示树鼩PD-1 cDNA 的开放阅读框编码一个由242个氨基酸组成的跨膜蛋白,并且和人类、灵长类和啮齿类中的同源基因有高度相似性.组织分布分析表明在所检测的几种组织中PD-1基因只在脾中表达.此外,淋巴细胞刺激实验显示,利用PMA和ionomycin刺激新鲜分离的树鼩外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)能够诱导PD-1 mRNA水平上的表达.我们的结果为将来进一步探讨树鼩的免疫功能提供了良好的基础.

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通过离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析,在大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤中得到其白蛋白(BmA-skin).该蛋白具有较强的胰蛋白酶抑制活性.用0.5mg/只BmA-skin作为免疫源免疫大白兔,经三次免疫后,抽取大白兔血液,分离血清,饱和硫酸氨沉淀,获得抗BmA-skin的多克隆抗体.经ELISA方法测定该抗体与大蹼铃蟾白蛋白发生免疫反应,抗体滴度为1:100000.

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3%~66.4%.RT-PCR检测发现,tsCD25 mRNA分布于树鼩的外周血、脾脏和肺,并受PMA 和 ionomycin 刺激的调节.我们的结果为下一步制备tsCD25单克隆抗体,抑制CD4+CD25+Tregs功能以及开展有关的研究工作奠定了基础.

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非晶状体βγ晶状体蛋白与三叶因子蛋白复合物(βγ-CAT)是从大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤分泌物中分离的分子量为72 kDa的天然蛋白复合物.本研究通过激光共聚焦显微镜和Westem blot分析βγ-CAT在人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)中的细胞核转运机制,以及βγ-CAT对多株肿瘤细胞(HCT116,HT29,A375,Hela,THP-1等)的细胞毒效应.结果表明:βγ-CAT的α亚基中含有典型的GTP/ATPase的保守结构模体Walker A和Walker B,体外检测到βγ-CAT具有GTP/ATP水解酶和GTP/ATP结合活性.在细胞核转运过程中,βγ-CAT的α亚基和β亚基参与形成约150kDa含有泛素化修饰信号的大分子复合物,且泛素化修饰信号和βγ-CAT的α亚基和β亚基共定位于细胞内和融合于细胞核区域的转运囊泡小体中.βγ-CAT能够选择性的杀伤肿瘤细胞,诱导肿瘤细胞脱落和发生凋亡.上述结果为进一步深入研究阡βγ-CAT的细胞核转运和调节细胞功能的分子作用机制提供思路和线索.

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通过分离纯化棕点湍蛙(Amolops loloensis)皮肤分泌液中的生物活性物质,得到有促胰岛素释放活性的分离峰,并鉴定其结构.采用葡聚糖Sephadex G-50凝胶层析和反相高效液相(RP-HPLC)等手段对棕点湍蛙皮肤分泌液进行分离纯化,利用胰岛素释放实验进行活性检测,Edman降解法测定活性峰的氨基酸序列,反转录法构建cDNA文库并克隆其基因.得到一个具有显著的促胰岛素释放活性的十六肽,测得其氨基酸序列为:FMPIvGKsMSGLSGKL-NH2,命名为amolopin-1.由cDNA(开放阅读框为192bp)推导的氨基酸一级结构显示,其前体由64个氨基酸残基(aa)组成,包括高度保守的信号肽(22aa),酸性肽以及成熟肽.经过数据库序列比对,从棕点湍蛙皮肤中得到一个新的促胰岛素释放肽,进一步分析其作用机理和药代动力学,极有可能得到一个新的治疗糖尿病的降糖药物.

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脊椎动物中,非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白广泛分布于各种组织,但是功能知之甚少.三叶因子在创伤修复与肿瘤发生中具有重要作用,其分子作用机制尚不清楚.非晶状体βγ晶状体蛋白与三叶因子蛋白复合物(βγ-CAT)是一个从大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物中分离的一类全新的蛋白复合物.研究表明,βγ-CAT能够诱导离体的兔胸主动脉产生快速而持续的收缩,结合药理学抑制剂,细胞培养,激光共聚焦显微镜和免疫荧光原位组化,从细胞和分子水平对其作用机制进行研究.结果表明:.βγ-CAT诱导兔胸主动脉产生的收缩效应为剂量依赖(2-35 nmol/L)和内皮依赖(P<0.01).在βγ-CAT(25nmol/L)处理的主动脉环的内皮细胞层检测到肿瘤坏死因子-α的释放.同时,βγ-CAT能够诱导原代培养的兔胸主动脉内皮细胞(RAEC)快速释放肿瘤坏死因子-α,βγ-CAT(25nmol/L)分别处理5和30min,RAEC释放的肿瘤坏死因子-α的浓度分别为(34.17±5.10)pg/mL和(98.01±4.67)pg/mL(P<0.01).表明肿瘤坏死因子-α在βγ-CAT诱导兔胸丰动脉产生的收缩效应中发挥重要作用.为进一步深入研究非晶状体βγ晶状体蛋白与三叶因子的生理功能提供了新的思路和线索.

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下载PDF阅读器在采食脊椎动物血液能力的进化过程中,吸血节肢动物的唾液腺形成了丰富的抗止血因子,如血小板聚集抑制因子,他们通过不同机制抑制ADP、凝血酶和胶原等诱导的血小板聚集.抗凝因子能扰乱内源性和外源性止血通路.血管扩张因子包括储藏、运输一氧化氮的nitrophorins,模拟内源性血管扩张的多肽和催化或水解内源性血管收缩因子的酶.吸血节肢动物的唾液腺蛋白可以通过直接作用或协同作用起到抗止血的效果.复杂多样的唾液腺生物活性分子解释了吸血节肢动物成功获得血餐的分子机制,也提供了新的抗止血药物分子.

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非晶状体βγ晶状体蛋白与三叶因子蛋白复合物(non-lens βγ-crystallin and trefoil factor complex,βγ-CAT)是一个从大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤分泌物中分离的大然分子量为72kDa的全新的蛋白复合物.本研究测定了βγ-CAT处理红细胞后引起细胞内钾离子外流与溶血效应的时效曲线,结合扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析βγ-CAT处理红细胞引起的早期形态学变化.结果表明:βγ-CAT(3 nmol/L)37℃处理红细胞5 min,(93.31±5.89)%的细胞内钾离子迅速外流(P<0.01),相心溶解率为(13.12±1.92)%(P<0.05).电子显微镜观察发现红细胞形态发生明显变化,细胞体枳增加,肿胀.少数红细胞表面向外形成棘状异常突起,部分肿胀细胞内的血红蛋白通过棘状突起缺口向细胞外喷射血红蛋白.表明βγ-CAT通过在红细胞膜上形成孔道使细胞内钾离子迅速外流导致红细胞内渗透压改变而溶血.其结果为理解βγ-CAT的溶血机制提供了直接的形态学证据.