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The Jiyang superdepression is one of the richest hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China. Comprehensive seismic methods have been used in buried hill exploration in Jiyang to describe these fractured reservoirs better. Accurate seismic stratigraphic demarcation and variable-velocity mapping were applied to reveal the inner structure of the buried hills and determine the nature of the structural traps more precisely. Based on the analysis of rock properties and the characteristics of well-developed buried hill reservoirs, we have successfully linked the geology and seismic response by applying seismic forward technology. Log-constrained inversion, absorption coefficient analysis and tectonic forward-inversion with FMI loggings were applied to analyse and evaluate the buried hill reservoirs and gave satisfying results. The reservoir prediction was successful, which confirmed that the comprehensive utilization of these methods can be helpful in the exploration of buried hill reservoirs.

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A fine-grid model (1/6degrees) covering the South China Sea (SCS), East China Sea and Japan/East Sea, which is embedded into a coarse-grid (3degrees) global model, was established to study the SCS circulation. In the present paper, we report the model-produced monthly and annual mean transport stream functions and sea surface heights(SSH) and their anomalies of the SCS. Comparison to the TOPEX/Poseidon data shows that the model-produced monthly sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) are in good agreement with altimeter measurements. Based on the results, the circulation of the SCS, especially the upper layer circulation, is discussed. In the surface layer, the western Philippine Sea water intrudes into the SCS through the Luzon Strait in autumn, winter and spring, but not in summer. However, as far as the whole water column is concerned, the water intrudes into the SCS through the Luzon Strait all the year round. This indicates that in summer the water still intrudes into the SCS in the subsurface and intermediate layers. The area near the northern continental slope of the SCS is dominated by a cyclonic circulation all the year round. The SCS Southern Anticyclonic Gyre, SE Vietnam Off-Shore Current in summertime and SCS Southern Cyclonic Gyre in wintertime are reproduced reasonably. The difference between the monthly averaged SSH and SSHA is significant, indicating the importance of the mean SSH in the SCS circulation.

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优良的种质是产业发展的重要保证,品种更新和养殖技术的发展已经给世界农业带来了令人瞩目的成就,然而我国水产生物的育种工作刚处于起步阶段,而育种技术的研究则更是滞后。借鉴陆生生物中发展起来的相对成熟的研究方法,可以帮助加快海洋生物遗传育种相关研究的进度。本研究以我国北方海区重要的海洋经济动物-皱纹盘鲍为研究对象,从表型遗传、数量性状遗传等2个方面开展了皱纹盘鲍的遗传育种研究,同时从幼鲍培育密度与分选效应等方面研究了皱纹盘鲍的中间培育技术。 主要结果如下: 1. 皱纹盘鲍的贝壳颜色遗传、食物对贝壳颜色表现型的影响,贝壳颜色与生长速度间的关系 将贝壳颜色为橘红色(O表型)的突变型皱纹盘鲍与贝壳颜色为绿色(G表型)的野生型皱纹盘鲍进行了连续2代的交配实验。结果表明:皱纹盘鲍橘红色的贝壳颜色相对于绿色的贝壳颜色为隐性性状,皱纹盘鲍的贝壳颜色表型受单位点、2个等位基因遗传控制,其中基因型为oo的个体,贝壳颜色的表现型为橘红色(O表型),而基因型为GG或Go的个体,贝壳颜色的表现型为野生型(G表型)。 为探讨食物类型对不同基因型皱纹盘鲍贝壳颜色表现型的影响,对不同贝壳颜色表型的个体投喂不同种类的食物,结果表明,除遗传因素外,皱纹盘鲍的贝壳颜色表现型显著地受食物类型的调控。其中oo基因型的个体,在摄食底栖硅藻(Navicula sp.)和红藻时,贝壳颜色的表型为橘红色;而在摄食褐藻、绿藻和以海带粉为唯一海藻源的人工配合饵料时,贝壳颜色的表型为黄色。GG和Go基因型的个体,在摄食底栖硅藻、红藻时,贝壳颜色的表型为褐红色;在摄食褐藻、绿藻和以海带粉为唯一海藻源的人工配合饵料时,贝壳颜色的表型为绿色。该结果表明,相同基因型的皱纹盘鲍在摄食不同类型的食物时,贝壳表现型不同,即不同类型的食物可以导致2种基因型皱纹盘鲍的贝壳颜色表现型在一定范围内发生转换:oo基因型的个体,贝壳的颜色可以表现为橘红色或者黄色,不会出现野生型皱纹盘鲍的褐红色或绿色;而GG与Go基因型的个体,相应的贝壳颜色表型只能是褐红色或者绿色,不会出现oo基因型可能表现的橘红色或黄色。特定基因型的皱纹盘鲍,在摄食特定类型的食物时贝壳的相应部位可表现出特定的颜色。皱纹盘鲍的这种“食物-贝壳颜色”的相关性可作为一种形态标记,用于标识皱纹盘鲍的个体和群体,该标记技术可用于皱纹盘鲍的养殖技术和遗传学研究。 此外,选用了贝壳颜色遗传学实验中建立的贝壳颜色发生分离的家系为实验材料,以壳长为指标,分析比较了来自相同家系的O表型与G表型个体之间的生长速度。结果表明,在幼鲍发育至412天止的3-5个统计时段内,没有在同一家系来源的2种贝壳颜色表型个体之间检验到生长速度的显著差异。 2. 皱纹盘鲍不同选育群体及杂交群体的贝壳形态参数分析 在皱纹盘鲍的7个群体中(包括已经对生长速度为指标进行了多代人工选育的群体4个、野生群体之间直接杂交繁育的杂交F1群体3个),测量了4-6龄成体样本的壳长(L)、壳宽(W)、壳高(H)和壳重(Sw),并计算了L/(L+W+H)、W/(L+W+H)、H/(L+W+H)和Sw/(L×W×H)等4个壳形态学参数。用方差分析方法(MANOVA、ANOVA)统计并比较了这些壳形态参数在皱纹盘鲍群体间的遗传变异。结果表明,4个壳形态参数在不同群体间变异系数分别为0.34、0.74、2.62和6.54,其中,H/(L+W+H)与Sw/(L×W×H)在各供试群体间均具有较高的多态性且差异达显著水平,表明这2个参数在不同群体间存在较高的遗传变异。由于在活体情况下无法测量壳重(Sw)性状,建议以参数H/(L+W+H)为指标对皱纹盘鲍贝壳形态(如壳型)等进行人工选择。 3. 皱纹盘鲍成体阶段生长性状的遗传参数估计 采用巢式设计,分析了成体阶段不同发育期皱纹盘鲍的壳长与生长速率的遗传力、不同发育期的壳长性状之间的遗传相关、以及不同发育期的生长速率之间的遗传相关,结果表明:(1)壳长遗传力在受精后第70 、130、320、320、380、490与550天的雄性组分估计值分别为0.161 ± 0.075、0.312 ± 0.131、0.326 ± 0.331、0.135 ± 0.228、0.153 ± 0.185和0.180 ± 0.106;雌亲组分估计分别为0.312 ± 0.172、0.699 ± 0.168、0.695 ± 0.168、0.977 ± 0.407、0.427 ± 0.195和0.449 ± 0.027。(2)生长速率遗传力在受精后第320~380天、490 ~ 550天,雄、雌组分估计值分别为0.080 ± 0.120(雄)、 0.210 ± 0.191(雌)以及0.299 ± 0.146(雄)、0.306± 0.148(雌)。雌亲组分的壳长遗传力和生长速率遗传力估计值较大且均达显著水平,表明皱纹盘鲍在成体阶段依然受母性效应的影响。成体阶段生长性状遗传力水平的估计对制定科学的皱纹盘鲍育种方案有指导意义。(3)雄亲组分估计的不同发育期(第390 ~ 550天)壳长间遗传相关为0.597 ~ 1.000,雌亲组分估计为0.589 ~ 1.177。由雄亲、雌亲组分估计,受精后第320~380天与第490 ~ 550天两个发育阶段生长速率间遗传相关均接近于0。雌亲组分估计不同发育期壳长间遗传相关均达显著水平(t0.05, d.f.=13 = 4.33 ~ 11.69,P<0.01),表明壳长性状早期选择有效,即在皱纹盘鲍早期阶段依据壳长性状对个体进行择优或去劣可在后期阶段获得壳长较大的个体。由于使用的雄亲数目少(8个父系半同胞),实验中以雄亲组分估计的遗传参数误差较大。 4. 皱纹盘鲍选育系间的群体杂交 进行了皱纹盘鲍4个人工选育系之间的完全双列杂交实验,以群体交配的方式共建立了16个组合;此外,以大连“98”选群与汕头“S”选群为亲本,以群体交配的方式建立了4个交配组合。对不同方向的杂交组合进行了中亲杂种优势、超亲杂种优势以及配合力等方面的评价。 (1)测量了4个选育群体(R、97、S和J)及其各杂交组合在受精后第9、20和30天时的壳长,统计分析了不同选育系间壳长性状的差异、评价了不同方向杂交组合的中亲与超亲杂种优势、以及配合力。结果如下: 选育系群体内交配繁育的4个组合,在受精后第9、20和30天的壳长均有显著差异,其中,97  97组合在早期发育各阶段均为最小,分别为0.462 ± 0.023mm、0.698 ± 0.057mm和1.476 ± 0.234mm;S  S组合的3次测量值均为最大,分别为0.522 ± 0.023mm、0.824 ± 0.084mm和1.798 ± 0.229mm。 两个方向杂交组合与选育系亲本群体内交配组合的平均值和高亲值比较,得到如下结果:(A)受精后第9天壳长表现正向中亲杂种优势的组合有6个、表现负向中亲杂种优势的组合6个,其中J  97组合的中亲优势率最高,为9.05%;R  S组合最低,为-6.61%。正向高亲杂种优势组合有4个、负向高亲杂种优势组合有8个,其中S  J组合的高亲优势率最高,为5.77%;R  S组合最低,为-7.96%。(B)受精后第20天壳长表现正向中亲杂种优势的组合有7个、表现负向中亲杂种优势的组合5个,其中J  97组合的中亲优势率最高,为12.60%;J  R组合最低,为-8.72%。正向高亲杂种优势组合有3个、负向高亲杂种优势组合有11个,其中J  97组合的高亲优势率最高,为12.20%;J  R组合最低,为-12.67%。(C)受精后第30天壳长表现正向中亲杂种优势的组合有7个、负向中亲杂种优势的组合5个,其中97  S组合的中亲优势率最高,为24.08%;S  97组合最低,为-12.69%。正向高亲杂种优势组合有6个、负向高亲杂种优势组合有6个,其中97  S组合的高亲优势率最高,为15.95%;S  J组合最低,为-19.44%。上述结果表明,皱纹盘鲍不同选育系之间的交配组合,杂种优势率差异很大,因此,通过组配实验,将杂种优势率高的交配组合选择出来应用于生产,可望显著提高目标性状的产量。 对早期发育阶段各生长期壳长性状,亲本一般配合力(GCA)、各杂交组合间特殊配合力(SCA)以及正反交(REC)效应值进行方差分析,结果表明:各亲本GCA差异显著,说明各选育群体存在显著的遗传差异,其中汕头选群“S”在测量的各个生长期均为正值且显著大于其它各亲本;特殊配合力(SCA)以及正反交(REC)效应值较大在各杂交组合间存在显著差异,说明在早期生长发育阶段非加性遗传效应(显性和上位效应)占主导地位。综合各个生长期亲本GCA和杂交组特殊配合力(SCA)以及正反交(REC)效应值,杂交组合97×S在早期生长阶段不仅有较高SCA值而且两个亲本也具有较大的GCA值,表明选育系97和S较适宜作为杂交亲本使用。 (2)大连“98”选群与汕头“S”选群进行2×2因子设计的群体杂交实验,比较了各交配组合早期存活相关性状如受精率、孵化率、变态率以及壳长性状,评价了两个方向杂交组合平均以及不同方向杂交组合的中亲杂种优势率。结果表明早期发育阶段各组合间的受精率无显著差异,而孵化率、变态率等两个杂交方向平均的中亲杂种优势率为5.49%与12.53%,高于壳长性状的优势率(0.936-1.534%)。方差分析结果表明不同方向的杂交组合在早期发育阶段存活相关性状以及壳长性状存在显著差异。孵化率、变态率性状,S×98的中亲杂种优势率分别为13.21%与21.10%,均高于98×S的-3.84%与3.85%;而第10和25d壳长性状,S×98的中亲杂种优势率为1.14%与-2.52%,低于98×S的1.93%与4.41%。 为进一步评价“98”选群与“S”选群不同交配组合在不同温度条件下的生长,进行了基因型与环境的互作研究。从“98”选群与“S”选群的4个交配组合中分别取5月龄幼鲍100头,各组合随机分成3组,每组1个重复,分别于12°C、16°C和 22°C温度条件下进行培育,比较各交配组合基因型与温度对幼鲍生长的影响。不同温度条件下,各组合壳长生长的方差分析结果表明,基因型和温度都能够对幼鲍生长以及最终壳长产生极显著的影响(P < 0. 01),它们的交互作用也达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。杂交子代的幼鲍壳长在12°C、16°C和 22°C温度条件下均表现出杂种优势,双向杂交的中亲杂种优势率分别为5.32%、5.55%和0.03%,表明低温条件(12°C),比高温条件(22°C)下有更强的杂种优势。汕头“S”选群的早期孵化率、变态率、生长性状以及低温条件下幼鲍生长性状的单亲杂种优势率分别为16.64%、42.49%、3.42~5.79%和5.73~9.15%,单亲杂种优势率较大,表明可通过杂交手段,显著地改良汕头“S”选群在早期发育阶段的生长速度、存活率以及幼鲍期的生长性状。本研究的结果支持了Lerner(1954)杂种优势的基因与环境互作学说。 5. 皱纹盘鲍幼鲍的中间培育技术研究 (1)对南方越冬方式的评价 目前,每年的11月前后,将6-7月龄幼鲍运往南方的闽东、闽中、闽南沿海越冬,翌年4月至6月再运回到北方(大连、山东半岛)的养殖模式已经普遍应用于皱纹盘鲍的实际生产,为评价南方越冬的幼鲍培育方式,本研究分别以不同幼鲍材料在闽东三都海湾进行了越冬培育实验。 选择生产上壳长分别为18.37 ± 1.28 mm、15.89 ± 1.10 mm、14.55 ± 1.10 mm与10.59 ± 0.84 mm的幼鲍进行了为期6.5个月的越冬培育,实验结束时,存活率分别为95.56 ± 2.21%、90.55 ± 1.96%、83.97 ± 1.63%与63.30 ± 2.79%。回归分析表明,供试幼鲍在实验起始时的壳长与越冬阶段的存活率成正相关(P = 0.018 < 0.05)。该结果表明,提高幼鲍的规格可显著提高皱纹盘鲍的越冬成活率,因此对于实际生产而言,采取适当措施提高皱纹盘鲍越冬苗种的规格将大幅增加生产的收益,而采用生长速率快的品种、品系或提早采苗均可实现该目标。综合各规格组幼鲍,幼鲍在南方开放性水域进行越冬培育的平均存活率较高,可达到91.38±0.01%,从幼鲍南方越冬的存活曲线可以看出,幼鲍的死亡主要集中在从大连运至福建某地后的15天内,出现死亡高峰的原因可能是由于运输过程的胁迫。此外,2月及4月中下旬水温出现显著降低或回升时也有较明显的死亡出现。该部分结果,对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍的养成管理有指导意义,可以通过合理安排越冬时间、避开死亡的敏感期等措施减少苗种越冬阶段的死亡量。 以中国大连野生群体繁育的子一代为亲本(10♀,10♂),以群体交配的方式繁育F2代个体为实验材料,分别于南方海区以及北方室内升温水方式下进行生长、存活比较,结果表明南方越冬培育方式下,幼鲍壳长的日增长率为81.37-108.89 µm•day-1,与北方室内升温培育条件相比,壳长生长提高了1.08 ~ 1.68倍;而存活率无显著差异。皱纹盘鲍幼鲍南方越冬方式的优势主要体现在鲍鱼幼鲍的生长速度加快,同时节约养殖场的能耗 (2)幼鲍培育过程中的养殖密度与分选效应评价 以3种规格皱纹盘鲍幼鲍为材料比较幼鲍在4个培育密度以及分选或混养条件下壳长的平均日生长及特定生长率。在南方越冬培育方式下实验进行106天,多因素方差分析结果表明实验初始幼鲍的壳长以及培育密度对壳长的生长有显著影响,而且密度效应在不同幼鲍起始规格组中有不同表现;分选没有能够提高不同规格组的生长。本研究的结果对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍的越冬培育有一定的指导作用。

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本研究论文属于国家科学基金重点研究项目“东海关键海洋通量过程的研究”计划的一个组成部分,通过1998年夏季东海航次,测定了颗粒有机碳的(Particulate Organic Carbon)含量,并研究了东海夏季POC含量的分布特点以及影响因素。同时,通过模式计算了部分站位的POC的垂直表观通量。然后,根据海水悬浮物质、底质物和浮游生物中的DOC的含量,定量的研究了东海的再悬浮现象,计算得到32°N断面和PN断面部分站位的再悬浮比,并计算得到了这些站位的POC净垂直通量,使我们对东海的POC净沉积通量有了一个定量的认识和把握。通过研究,我们发现东海夏季的POC的分布特点是:(1)近岸区域有明显的高值区的存在,并随离岸距离的增加而降低,这主要是受长江径流的影响;(2)在以(32°N, 125°E-125.5°E)为中心的冷涡表层海域存在着另一个POC含量的高值区,随深度增加而降低,在25米层以下随深度的增加而增加,在近底层形成一个新的高值区,研究表明表层高值区主要受生物生长的控制,而底层的高值区的存在与该区域的涡动层或上升流的存在有一定的关系;(3)同时,在东海所研究的两个断面,TSM(Total Suspended Materials)和POC的含量之间表现出了较好的相关性。通过模式研究,计算了六个站位八个层次的POC的垂直通量,其垂直通量为12.43 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1)-148.23 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1),最大值为148.23 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1),出现在107站(32°N, 125°E)10米层,最小值为12.43 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1),出现在111站(32°0.08N, 125°59.57'E)的底层。通过对东海再悬浮比率的定量研究,计算了五个站和个层次的再悬浮比率。结果表明:(1)表层海水中悬浮物质的再悬浮比率在47.4%-79.18%之间;底层的再悬浮比率在72.75%-96.96%之间;(2)再悬浮比率的最大值出现在106站(32°N, 124°30'E)的底层,而再悬浮比率的最小值出现在102站(32°N, 122°30'E)的表层。在POC重直通量和再悬浮模式计算的基础上,我们计算得到了六个站位八个层次的POC净垂直通量,颗粒有机碳的净垂直通量最大值出现在107站(32°N, 125°E)的10米层,为117.4 mg·m~(-2)·day~(-1);最小值出现在111站(32°0.08'N, 125°59.57'E)的底层为0.79 mg·m~(-2)·day~(-1)。通过几个站位的模式计算估算了东海颗粒有机碳平均的净沉积通量,其大约为6.55 mgC·m~(-2)·day~(-1),即2.39gC·m~(-2)·y~(-1)。从而使我们对东海的颗粒有机碳的净垂直通量有了一个定量的认识。

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Metabolic characteristics of the sea cucumber Aposticholpus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation were studied in the laboratory. The effects of water temperature on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia-N excretion rate (AER) in A. japonicus were determined by the Winkler and Hypobromite methods, respectively. Mature (large, 148.5 +/- 15.4 g, medium 69.3 +/- 6.9 g) and immature (small, 21.2 +/- 4.7 g) individuals aestivated at water temperatures of 20 and 25 degrees C, respectively. The metabolic characteristics of mature individuals were different from immature individuals during this period. The OCR of mature sea cucumbers peaked at 20 degrees C, and then dropped significantly at higher temperatures, whereas the OCR of the immature animals continued to increase slightly, even beyond the aestivation temperature. The AER of mature individuals peaked at 20 T, while that of the immature animals peaked at 25 degrees C. The relationships between dry weight (DW) and absolute oxygen consumption (R) and absolute ammonia-N excretion (N) could be described by the regression equation R or N=aW(b). With the exception of 15 degrees C, the O/N ratios (calculated in atomic equivalents) of large size sea cucumbers was close to 20 across the temperatures used in this study, indicating that their energy Source was a combination of lipid and protein. Oil the other hand, apart from small individuals maintained at 10 degrees C, the O/N ratios of the medium and small sea Cucumbers were close to 10, indicating that protein was their major energy source. The O/N ratios in all size groups remained unchanged after aestivation was initiated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Growth rates, measured as shell length and body weight daily growth, were studied in the eight families of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, reared at 12, 16 and 20 degrees C for 40 d respectively. The results show that J(1)Rh family grew the best at 12 degrees C, with growth rates of (32.88 +/- 4.66) mu m/d and (5.24 +/- 1.84) mg/d. C(1)Jm family had the highest growth rates of (58.00 +/- 2.00) mu m/d and (9.71 +/- 1.21) mg/d at 16 degrees C. J(1)Jm family ranked the first at 20 degrees C, with growth rates of (66.00 +/- 1.76) mu m/d and (10.99 +/- 0.34) mg/d. RjRh family had the slowest growth rates at all three temperatures. Shell length growth rates were 18.25, 33.00 and 43.13 mu m/d respectively, while body weight growth rates were 2.47, 2.56 and 4.75 mg/d respectively. Both temperature and family had significant effect on growth rates (P<0.05). At 16 and 20 degrees C, maternal effects on growth rates were not significant (P>0.05), but paternal effects on growth rates were significant (P<0.05). Results of this study indicate genetic difference among the families and importance of selecting male breeders in the commercial hatchery.

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The influence of molecular weight and substitution degree of sulfated polysaccharides on their biological activity is considered in majority of works involving the anticoagulant or antiviral properties of these substances. Therefore, the present paper describes the effect of preparation conditions of sulfated chitosans on their molecular weight and sulfur content, such as different reaction time, acid solvent and temperature. Foregoing literature expounded the action of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) as acid solvent in homogeneous reaction. However, DCAA is expensive and noxious, therefore, in the present paper cheap and non-noxious formic acid (88%) was in place of DCAA. Furthermore, during reaction formic acid was not dehydrated. Under formic acid we obtained the satisfying results that was higher yield and equivalent sulfur contents compared to DCAA. IR and C-13 NMR spectrums proved the structure of the resultant obtained under formic acid or DCAA to be same. Now, it has not been reported for formic acid as acid solvent in homogeneous reaction of chitosan sulfatation. In this present paper, we also determined antioxidant activity of high-molecular weight and high-sulfate-content chitosans (HCTS). The results showed that HCTS could scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radical. Its IC50 is 0.012 and 3.269 mg/mL, respectively. It had obviously reducing power and slight chelating activity. The data obtained in in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of HCTS. It is a potential antioxidant in vitro. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were used to study the inheritance of shell color in Argopecten irradians. Two scallops, one with orange and the other with white shells, were used as parents to produce four F-1 families by selfing and outcrossing. Eighty-eight progeny, 37 orange and 51 white, were randomly selected from one of the families for segregation and mapping analysis with AFLP and microsatellite markers. Twenty-five AFLP primer pairs were screened, yielding 1138 fragments, among which 148 (13.0%) were polymorphic in two parents and segregated in progeny. Six AFLP markers showed significant (P < 0.05) association with shell color. All six loci were mapped to one linkage group. One of the markers, F1f335, is completely linked to the gene for orange shell, which we designated as Orange1, without any recombination in the progeny we sampled. The marker was amplified in the orange parent and all orange progeny, but absent in the white parent and all the white progeny. The close linkage between F1f335 and Orange1 was validated using bulk segregation analysis in two natural populations, and all our data indicate that F1f335 is specific for the shell color gene, Orange1. The genomic mapping of a shell color gene in bay scallop improves our understanding of shell color inheritance and may contribute to the breeding of molluscs with desired shell colors.

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目的:建立藏药十八味降香丸中木香烃内酯的含量测定方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法测定十八味降香丸中木香烃内酯的含量。色谱柱为KromasilC18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(65:35),流速1.0mL•min~(-1),检测波长为225nm。结果:木香烃内酯在8~40μg.mL~(-1)范围内呈良好的线性关系,十八味降香丸中木香烃内酯的回收率为99.0%。结论:本法简单、快速、准确,可用于藏药十八味降香丸中木香烃内酯的含量测定。

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在青藏高原海北高寒矮嵩草草甸地区,依据2002年涡度相关法观测的能量平衡各分量资料和6-10月植物地上、地下生物量测定值,分析了高寒矮嵩草草甸近地表热量平衡、地面热源强度的变化特征,讨论了地面热源强度与植物生物量季节变化过程中的相互关系。结果表明:在青藏高原海北高寒矮嵩草草甸地区,年内地面均为热源,热源强度季节变化明显,地面热源强度年平均为88.5 W/m2;地上生物量季节变化与热源强度具有显著的正相关关系,而地下生物量季节变化与热源强度关系不明显。

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为研究亲子分开后雌性根田鼠对亲本气味的记忆持续时间,分别在未分开(20日龄)、分开10d(30日龄)、20d(40日龄)、30d(50日龄)、40d(60日龄)时,以新鲜尿作气味源,在行为观察箱中记录雌性根田鼠对不同气味源的行为响应模式,结果表明:(1)未分开时,雌鼠遭遇父本气味时自我修饰的频次极显著高于陌生雄鼠气味,在分开10d时,雌鼠接近父本气味的频次显著多于接近陌生雄鼠气味的频次,其对前者反标记显著少于后者;(2)分开20d后,雌鼠对父本和陌生雄鼠气味的行为响应无明显差异;(3)未分窝时,雌性根田鼠幼仔对母本和陌生雌鼠气味的行为响应无差异;(4)分开10-40d时,雌性根田鼠对母本和陌生雌鼠气味表现出不同的行为响应模式。以上结果表明,在亲子分开10d时,雌鼠仍能识别父本和陌生雄鼠的气味;分开20d后,雌鼠不再能够识别父本和陌生雄鼠的气味;在亲子分开40d时,雌鼠仍能识别母本和陌生雌鼠的气味。因此,雌鼠对父本气味的嗅觉记忆时间可以持续到亲子分开10-20d之间;而对母本气味的嗅觉记忆时间则可以持续到亲子分开40d以上。

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以金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛草甸生态系统为对象,应用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法对高寒灌丛(GG)、丛内草甸(GC)和裸地(GL)的CO2释放进行了初步研究。结果表明:GG、GC和GL CO2的释放速率均呈明显的单峰型日变化进程,最大释放速率出现在15:00~17:00之间,最小值在7:00前后出现,白天释放速率大于夜晚;CO2释放速率具有明显的季节性变化特征,生长期CO2释放速率明显高于枯黄期,且均表现为正排放,8月为CO2释放高峰期,释放速率GG>GC>GL(P<0.01);2003年6月30日至2004年2月28日,高寒灌丛植被-土壤系统CO2释放量为3088.458±287.02g/m^2,丛内草甸植被-土壤系统CO2释放量为2239.685±183.68g/m^2,其中基础土壤呼吸CO2的释放量约为1346.748±176.24g/m^2,分别占GG和GC释放量的43.61%和60.13%;CO2释放速率的日变化主要受地表和5cm地温制约,而季节动态与5cm地温呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。

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本文研究了青海葱属青甘韭 9个居群的染色体数目和核型。其中分布于湟源、西宁和共和海拔相对较低的地区的居群为 2倍体 ,核型公式为 2n =2x =16 =14m +2st (2SAT) (湟源居群和西宁居群 ) ,2n =2x =16 =12m +2sm +2st (2SAT) (共和居群 ) ;分布于玛沁、玉树、囊谦等高海拔地区的居群为 4倍体 ,核型公式为 2n =4x =32 =2 8m +4st (2SAT) (玉树居群 1和囊谦居群 1) ,2n =4x =32 =2 4m +4sm +4st (玛沁居群和玉树居群 3)和 2n =4x =32 =2 6m +2sm+4st (玉树居群 2 ) ;囊谦一个生长在林下的居群为8倍体,2n =8x =64 =54m +2sm +8st.讨论了居群间的核型分化和倍性与分布的关系。

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研究分析退化草地的植被组成、地上生物量、优良牧草比例、高原鼠兔密度以及土壤理化性质等特征,探讨“黑土型”退化草地的成因及生态过程。结果表明,中度退化草地生物量最高(50.3g/0.25m2),重度退化草地最低(34.0g/m2)。原生植被优良牧草比例最高(78.40%)。重度退化草地最低(4.49%),轻度和中度退化草地居中(57.2%和16.42%)。中度退化草地高原鼠兔平均密度较高(148只/hm2),其危害程度较严重(494m2/hm2),二者之间呈显著的正相关(r=O.9888,df=3,P<0.01)。土壤坚实度随草地退化程度加重而降低。“黑土型”退化草地的形成是一个长期的、连续的过程,草地退化则是诱发这一过程的主要因子,高原鼠兔挖掘洞道,破坏草皮及植被,又加剧了草地的进一步退化,最终导致了“黑土型”退化草地的形成和不断扩大。

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本文对中国鹅观草属Roegneria进行了分类修订,提出了一个新的分类系统。新系统包括19个新组合或新等级,并按照颖分组、芒分系的原则确认了中国该属植物4组、18系、79种、22变种,其中包括7新系、5新种和1新变种。此外,一些类群的省级分布新记录也在本文作了报道。