长白山阔叶红松林生态系统碳动态及其对气候变化的响应

应用基于干物质生产理论的过程模型(Sim-CYCLE)估算了1982—2003年间长白山阔叶红松林生态系统总第一生产力(GPP)、净第一生产力(NPP)、净生态系统生产力(NEP)及其季节动态变化以及碳储量(WE)、植物碳储量(WP)和土壤碳储量(WS),并分析了这些指标在当前气候情景和碳平衡情况时的差异及其对未来气候变化情景的响应.结果表明:在当前气候情景下,长白山阔叶红松林GPP、NPP和NEP分别为14.9、8.7和2.7Mg C·hm-2·a-1,三者分别比实测值减少2.8Mg C·hm-2·a-1、增加1.4Mg C·hm-2·a-1和增加0.2Mg C·hm-2·a-1;长白山阔叶红松林6—8月的NEP占全年总量的90%以上,其中,7月最高(1.23MgC·hm-2·month-1);研究区WE、WP和WS分别为550.8、183.8和367.0Mg C·hm-2,其与实测值均具有较高的一致性.从当前气候情景下到达碳平衡前,长白山阔叶红松林碳储量均有不同程度的增加,GPP和NPP分别为17.7和7.3Mg C·hm-2·a-1,表明研究区碳"汇"的作用随着碳储量的增加逐渐减弱;温度增加2℃时,不利于长白山阔叶红松林GPP、NPP和NEP的增长,CO2浓度倍增则可有利地促进三者的增长,CO2浓度倍增、温度增加2℃对GPP、NPP和NEP增幅的影响与单纯CO2浓度倍增的影响相似,气候变化情景对长白山阔叶红松林碳储量的影响规律与对生产力幅度的影响相同,这可能是生态系统生产力影响碳积累所致.

长期定位施肥对保护地土壤供钾特性的影响

研究了16年定位施肥条件下,不同施肥方式对蔬菜保护地土壤中有效钾含量与土壤供钾特性的影响。结果表明:土壤全钾含量保持在较高水平22.43～26.92g.kg-1;与不施有机肥处理相比,长期施用有机肥后土壤全钾含量有所下降(单施磷肥处理除外),但不同的化肥单施或配施对土壤全钾含量影响不大;长期单施或化学肥料配施土壤的供钾强度和钾素有效率都不高,但施用有机肥明显提高了土壤有效钾含量及土壤的供钾能力,其中,长期单施化学钾肥土壤中有效钾含量为195.60mg.kg-1,单施有机肥处理为460.14mg.kg-1,而化学钾肥与有机肥配施后增长为621.06mg.kg-1;土壤供钾强度和钾素有效率在施用有机肥后也大幅度提高。

Photocatalytic water reduction under visible light on a novel ZnIn2S4 catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method

A novel ZnIn2S4 catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method shows high and stable photocatalytic activity for water reduction under visible light illumination.

Activated carbons chemically modified by concentrated H2SO4 for the adsorption of the pollutants from wastewater and the dibenzothiophene from fuel oils

The surface properties, porosities, and adsorption capacities of activated carbons (AC) are modified by the oxidation treatment using concentrated H2SO4 at temperatures 150-270 degreesC. The modified AC was characterized by N-2 adsorption, base titration, FTIR, and the adsorption of iodine, chlorophenol, methylene blue, and dibenzothiophene. The treatment of AC with concentrated H2SO4 at 250 degreesC greatly increases the mesoporous volume from 0.243 mL/g to 0.452 mL/g, specific surface areas from 393 m(2)/g to 745 m(2)/g, and acidic surface oxygen complexes from 0.071 meq/g to 1.986 meq/g as compared with the unmodified AC. The base titration results indicate that the amount of acidic surface oxygen groups on the modified AC increases with increasing the treatment temperatures and carboxyls and phenols are the most abundant carbon-oxygen functional groups. The carboxyl groups, COO- species, and hydroxyl groups are detected mainly for the sample treated at 250 degreesC. The mesoporous properties of the AC modified by concentrated H2SO4 were further tested by the adsorption of methylene blue and dibenzothiophene. The AC modified by concentrated H2SO4 at 250 degreesC has much higher adsorption capacities for large molecules (e.g., methylene blue and dibenzothiophene) than the unmodified AC but less adsorption capacities for small molecules (e.g., iodine). The adsorption results from aqueous solutions have been interpreted using Freundlich adsorption models.

Catalytic partial oxidation of n-heptane for hydrogen production

Partial oxidation of n-heptane (POH) for hydrogen generation was studied over several catalysts between 700 and 850degreesC. Modified Ni-based/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited not only good catalytic activity but also good carbon deposition resistance ability. Under the modified reaction conditions, 100% n-heptane conversion and 93% hydrogen selectivity can be obtained.

AgBiVMo oxide catalytic membrane for selective oxidation of propane to acrolein

A metal ions (Ag, Bi, V, Mo) modified sol-gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous Ag0.01Bi0.85V0.54Mo0.45O4 catalytic membrane which was used in the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein. By optimizing the preparation parameters, a thin and perfect catalytically active membrane was successfully prepared. SEM results showed that the membrane thickness is similar to5 mum. XRD results revealed that Ag0.01Bi0.85V0.54Mo0.45O4 with a Scheelite structure, which is catalytically active for the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein, was formed in the catalytic membrane only when AgBiVMoO concentrations were higher than 40%. Catalytic reaction results demonstrated that the selective oxidation of propane could be controlled to a certain degree, such as to acrolein, in the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) compared to the fixed bed reactor (FBR). For example, a selectivity of 54.85% for acrolein in the liquid phase was obtained in the CMR, while only 8.31% was achieved in the FBR. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structure and oxygen permeability of a dual-phase membrane

The dual-phase membrane of La0.15Sr0.85Ga0.3Fe0.7O3-delta-Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe0.2Co0.8O3-delta (LSGF-BSCF) was prepared successfully. This membrane was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). This membrane has a dense dual-phase structure: LSGF being the dense body of this membrane and BSCF as another phase running along the LSGF body. This structure is favorable for the oxygen permeation through the membrane. The oxygen permeation test shows that the oxygen permeation flux of LSGF-BSCF membrane (Jo(2) = 0.45 ml/min cm(2), at 915 degreesC) is much higher than that of LSGF membrane (Jo(2) = 0.05 ml/min cm(2)). Thickness dependence of oxygen permeation indicates that the oxygen permeation is controlled by the bulk diffusion. Compared to pure BSCF the dual-phase membrane of LSGF-BSCF is stable in reducing atmosphere. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in a dense tubular membrane reactor

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODP) to propylene was investigated in a dense tubular membrane reactor made of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) at 700degreesC and 750degreesC. The propylene selectivity in the membrane reactor (44.2%) is much higher than that in the fixed-bed reactor (15%) at the similar propane conversion (23-27%). Higher propylene selectivity in the membrane reactor was attributed to the lattice oxygen (O2-) supplied through the membrane.

根际微域研究中土样采集方法的研究进展

综述了 60年代以来植物根际微域研究中土壤样品的采集方法 ,认为根际土样采集的发展趋势是从田间的粗略采集到室内模拟实验的精细划分 ,再把模拟装置运用到田间 ,最终达到指导生产的目的 .同时 ,随着根际概念的拓宽 (生态界面Eco boundarylayer) ,根际土样的采集朝着保持原位和更精细的方向发展 .

Water reduction and oxidation on Pt-Ru/Y2Ta2O5N2 catalyst under visible light irradiation

Y2Ta2O5N2 is presented as a novel photocatalyst with high activity for water splitting under visible-light irradiation in the presence of appropriate sacrificial reagents; the activity for reduction to H-2 is increased by the incorporation of Pt or Ru as a co-catalyst, with a significant increase in production efficiency when both Pt and Ru are present.

Structure of an unexpected trimer from the reaction of ageratochromene II with aluminum chloride

A new trimer from the reaction of ageratochromene [1] (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyran) with anhydrous aluminum chloride was shown to be 3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-(6',7'-dimethoxy-2',2'-di-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4'-yl)-4-(3" 4"-dihydro-6", 7"-dimethoxy-2",2"-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-3"-yl)-2H-1-benzopyran. Its structure was confirmed by NMR (H-1, C-13, DEPT-135. COSY, HMBC, HSQC, TOCSY and NOESY), IR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

accurate and self-consistent ocean color algorithm:simultaneous retrieval of aerosol optical properties and chlorphyll concentrations

A new algorithm has been developed for simultaneous retrieval of aerosol optical properties and chlorophyll concentrations in case I waters. This algorithm is based on an improved complete model for the inherent optical properties and accurate simulations of the radiative transfer process in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system. It has been tested against synthetic radiances generated for the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) channels and has been shown to be robust and accurate. A unique feature of this algorithm is that it uses the measured radiances in both near-IR and visible channels to find that combination of chlorophyll concentration and aerosol optical properties that minimizes the error across the spectrum. Thus the error in the retrieved quantities can be quantified.

Degradation products formed during UV-irradiation of humic waters

Natural humic lake water and aqueous solutions of humic substances were treated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ = 254 nm). The effects on the dissolved organic carbon content (DOC) and the absorbance at 254 nm (Abs254) and 460 nm (Abs460) were monitored and the identity and concentrations of gas chromatographable organic degradation products were determined. The DOC content and the (Abs254) of the humic solutions decreased continuously with increasing UV-dose. Several aromatic and aliphatic degradation products were identified and roughly quantified The concentrations of aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acids and hydroxy aldehydes increased when relatively low UV-doses were used, but declined following further irradiation. The concentrations of aliphatic dibasic acids increased over the full range of UV-doses

玉米冠层对喷灌水量的再分配

通过喷灌玉米田间试验,研究了喷灌水经玉米冠层再分配后的分布状况。结果表明:在玉米全生育期,茎秆下流水量占灌水量的均值为44%左右,棵间穿透水量占灌水量的均值为48%左右,冠层截留量在0.8￣2.9mm之间变化。一次灌水中,喷灌水在地表的分布很不均匀,43.2%的灌水量经茎秆下流到根区,在距离茎秆7cm,15cm,25cm和32.5cm处,地表接收的水量占总灌水量的比例分别为18.9%、43.5%、66.9%和84.5%。灌水量、种植密度、株高和叶面积指数等都影响着喷灌水在地表的分布。

柳树辽宁壳多胞菌溃疡病的研究

柳树辽宁壳多胞菌溃疡病系我国新发生的一种柳树溃疡病,〔1〕病原菌经鉴定为一新种,定名为辽宁壳多胞菌StagonosporaliaoningensisZ.K.ZhongetZ.W.Yuan。〔2〕本病于4月下旬发病,5月中下旬分生孢子成熟,6月中下旬为孢子飞散和发病高峰期。病原菌以菌丝体在侵染枝干表皮下越冬,为翌年4月发病的初侵染源。