浮力-热毛细对流表面位型研究

将栅线结构光源系统与图像处理技术相结合，形成一种实时诊断浮力-热毛细对流表面形貌的光学测量系统．研究两端带有温差的矩形池内薄层流体的表面变形．应用图像互相关方法对实验结果进行计算和分析，得到了流体表面变形定量的实验结果．实验结果表明了在浮力-热毛细对流的发展过程中，出现流体表面变形，温度梯度、表面张力、浮力、液固亲润问题、以及壁面温度决定了该表面变形大小和变形方向.

两层流体热毛细对流空间实验研究

1999年，在我国实践5号卫星上完成了两层流体空间实验，实验研究两层不相混合流体的纯Marangoni对流（温度梯度与界面垂直）与热毛细对流（温度梯度方向与流体界面平行）。前者存在发生Marangoni对流的最小临界温差值ΔTc，低于该值流体系统处于静止状态；后者中只要存在沿界面的温度梯度便会产生热毛细对流。空间实验采用石蜡和氟化 液两层流体新体系，实现了平整的液－液交界面，并从卫星上传回上万幅数字图像 。通过多幅图像叠加处理得到了定量的流速场。数值模拟计算分析了相应工况时对流流动的速度场，两者的流场结构和速度大小基本一致，实验验证了理论模型。

流动相似律在气流式倾角传感器中的应用

气流式惯性传感器因其独特的优点引起大家的关注,但是环境温度不可避免地对气流式传感器性能有影响,会产生严重的温度漂移.它不仅局限了传感器的应用范围,而且还影响了传感器性能的进一步提高.本文通过数值模拟的方法,研究了环境温度变化时气流式倾角传感器腔体内的流场变化,分析了流场变化对传感器性能的影响机理,并利用相似理论讨论了一种新的消除环境温度影响的解决办法.结果表明,可以通过设计的补偿电路改变热源温度使流场保持相似来消除环境温度的影响.

液滴热毛细迁移问题的研究进展

液滴或气泡的迁移现象无论是在流体力学的基础研究中,还是在材料加工,化学工程等实际应用中都是一个很重要的课题.在微重力环境中,如果液滴或气泡所在的母液中外加一个温度场,则液滴或气泡就会由于表面张力分布的不均匀而发生迁移运动.这种运动被称为Marangoni迁移或热毛细迁移运动.综述了液滴或气泡的热毛细迁移问题历史研究中理论分析,数值模拟以及实验方面的主要结果,阐述了该问题的研究发展过程.目前液滴迁移问题的研究,理论分析解还只限于线性及弱非线性的定常问题,数值模拟工作已经得到了在热对流作用较小时液滴的非定常迁移过程,对于热对流影响很大的情况(Marangoni数大于100)则尚未得到与实验中观测到的相一致的理论结果.在总结前人研究的基础上,给出了热对流作用较大时液滴热毛细迁移非定常问题的最新的数值模拟结果,并对该问题在此情况下产生的新变化给予了分析.最后,分析了当前研究中所存在的问题并进一步展望液滴热毛细迁移问题未来的发展方向.

蒸发效应与热毛细对流耦合现象的实验研究

实验研究了矩形液池中蒸发薄液层中蒸发效应与热毛细对流的耦合机理．对于单纯的热毛细对流稳定性从实验和理论上已有深入研究，但目前国际上对带有蒸发界面的热毛细对流问题尚缺乏研究．特别是近来的研究发现，气液界面的蒸发对热毛细对流稳定性有很大的影响．本实验以温度为主要控制参数，测量了不同工况下蒸发界面不同点的蒸发速率和表层温度，并利用PIV方法分析得到了液体内的流场分布．实验结果发现，随着沿界面的温差增加，蒸发液体内的流型从稳定的单涡胞结构变为稳定的多涡胞结构，并最终演变为紊流结构．综合分析以上测量结果并与理论分析结果进行了比较．

半浮区热毛细对流的不稳定性与转捩

近二十年来，微重力流体开展了半浮区液桥热毛细对流的不稳定性与转捩的研究。文中给出了热毛细振荡对流发生的临界参数，分析了液桥几何位形(尺度比,体积比)、物理参数及传 热参数对临界Marangoni的影响。报导了有关的地面模拟实验，微重力实验以及本问题的线 性稳定性分析、能量分析和数值模拟结果，并介绍了定常轴对称热毛细对流通过非定常振荡热毛细对流到湍流的转捩过程和三种热毛细振荡对流的产生机理。

多热源分布时薄层液体中热毛细对流的分叉特征

研究一个液体薄层在热源作用下的流动特征.Pimputakar和Ostrach给出了单热源作用下薄层液体的高度和流场方程.在此基础上具体分析比较了多个热源分布作用下的流动图像随各参数尤其是随热源间距离不同的变化情况,着重讨论产生的分叉现象.

Two Bubbles Thermocapillary Migration Experimental System

An experimental investigation will be performed on the thermocapillary motion of two bubbles in Chinese return-satellite. The experiment will study the migration process of bubble caused by thermocapillary effect in microgravity environment, and their interaction between two bubbles. The bubble is driven by the thermocapillary stress on the surface on account on the variation of the surface tension with temperature. The interaction between two bubbles becomes significant as the separation distance between them is reduced drastically so that the bubble interaction has to be considered. Recently, the problem has been discussed on the method of successive reflections, and accurate migration velocities of two arbitrarily oriented bubbles were derived for the limit of small Marangoni and Reynolds numbers. Numerical results for the migration of the two bubbles show that the interaction between two bubbles has significant influence on their thermocapillary migration velocities with a bubble approaching another. However, there is a lack of experimental validate for the theoretic results. Now the experimental facility is designed for experimenting time after time. A cone-shaped top cover is used to expel bubble from the cell after experiment. But, the cone-shaped top cover can cause temperature uniformity on horizontal plane in whole cell. Therefore, a metal board with multi-holes is fixed under the top cover. The board is able to let the temperature distribution on the board uniform because of their high heat conductivity, and the bubble can pass through it. In the system two bubbles are injected into the test cell respectively by two sets of cylinder. And the bubbles sizes are controlled by two sets of step-by-step motor. It is very important problem that bubble can be divorced from the injecting mouth in microgravity environment. Thus, other two sets of device for injecting mother liquid were used to push bubble. The working principle of injecting mother liquid is to utilize pressure difference directly between test cell and reservoir

Subcooled Pool Boiling at Microgravity: Preliminary Ground-Based Experimental Results

A temperature-controlled pool boiling (TCPB) device was developed to perform pool boiling heat transfer studies at both normal gravity on Earth and microgravity in the drop tower Beijing and aboard a Chinese recovery satellite. Two platinum wires of 60 ?m in diameter were simultaneously used as heaters and thermometers. The lengths were 30 mm and 40 mm, respectively. The ends of wires were soldered with copper poles to provide low resistance paths for the electric current. The heater resistance, and thus the heater temperature, was kept constant by a feedback circuit similar to that used in constant-temperature hot-wire anemometry. The fluid was R113 at 0.1 Mpa and subcooled by 30 ?C nominally for all cases. The results of the experiments at normal gravity were presented. Four modes, namely single-phase convection, nucleate boiling, transition two-mode boiling, and film boiling were observed. A few data obtained from several preliminary experiments at microgravity in the drop tower Beijing were also presented. A slight increase of the heat flux was obtained.

多相化工体系中液液萃取传质过程数值模拟

液—液萃取是化工体系中广泛应用的分离技术.它具有选择性高、分离效果好、适应性强等优点.液—液萃取过程中的两相流动和相际传质极为复杂,两相的密度差、粘度、互溶度、界面张力及体系纯度等许多因素对其都有重要影响.Marangoni效应是液—液萃取过程中的重要现象.对液-液系统液滴传质的Marangoni效应的研究论著中,目前还未见有数值模拟方面的工作.本文对单液滴在不互溶介质中运动和传质过程进行了数值模拟,考虑轴对称情况,采用正交贴体坐标变换,通过协变Laplace方程将液滴内外的求解区域变换成计算平面上几何形状规整的正方形区域.采用Ryskin等人的ADI方法求解动量方程在正交贴体坐标系下离散化得到的代数方程组.浓度的对流扩散方程用Patankar提出的控制容积法离散,对流项用幂函数方案离散

What Do We Know about Long Laminar Plasma Jets?

Silent and stable long laminar plasma jets can be generated in a rather wide range of working parameters. The laminar flow state can be maintained even if considerable parameter fluctuations exist in the laminar plasma jet or if there is an impact of laterally injected particulate matter and its carrier gas. The attractive special features of laminar plasma jets include extremely low noise level, less entrainment of ambient air, much longer and adjustable high-temperature region length, and smaller axial gradient of plasma parameters. Modeling results show that the laminar plasma jet length increases with increasing jet inlet velocity or temperature and the effect of natural convection on laminar plasma jet characteristics can be ignored, consistent with experimental observations. The large difference between laminar and turbulent plasma jet characteristics is revealed to be due to their different laws of surrounding gas entrainment. Besides the promising applications of the laminar plasma jet to remelting and cladding strengthening of the metallic surface and to thermal barrier coating preparation, it is expected that the laminar plasma jet can become a rather ideal object for the basic studies of thermal plasma science owing to the nonexistence of the complexity caused by turbulence.

Pool Boiling in Microgravity: Recent Results and Perspectives for the Project DEPA-SJ10

Two research projects on pool boiling in microgravity have been conducted aboard the Chinese recoverable satellites. Ground-based experiments have also been performed both in normal gravity and in short-term microgravity in the Drop Tower Beijing. Steady boiling of R113 on thin platinum wires was studied with a temperature-controlled heating method, while quasi-steady boiling of FC-72 on a plane plate was investigated with an exponentially increasing heating voltage. In the first case, slight enhancement of heat transfer is observed in microgravity, while diminution is evident for high heat flux in the second one. Lateral motions of bubbles on the heaters are observed before their departure in microgravity. The surface oscillation of the merged bubbles due to lateral coalescence between adjacent bubbles drives it to detach from the heaters. The Marangoni effect on the bubble behavior is also discussed. The perspectives for a new project DEPA-SJ10, which has been planned to be flown aboard the Chinese recoverable satellite SJ-10 in the future, are also presented.

多相化工体系中液液萃取传质过程数值模拟

液-液萃取是化工体系中广泛应用的分离技术。它具有选择性高、分离效果好、适应性强等优点。液-液萃取过程中的两相流动和相际传质极为复杂,两相的密度差、粘度、互溶度、界面张力及体系纯度等许多因素对其都有重要影响。Marangoni效应是液-液萃取过程中的重要现象。对液-液系统液滴传质的Marangoni效应的研究论著中,目前还未见有数值模拟方面的工作。本文对单液滴在不互溶介质中运动和传质过程进行了数值模拟,考虑轴对称情况,采用正交贴体坐标变换,通过协变Laplace方程将液滴内外的求解区域变换成计算平面上几何形状规整的正方形区域。采用Ryskin等人的ADI方法求解动量方程在正交贴体坐标系下离散化得到的代数方程组。浓度的对流扩散方程用Patankar提出的控制容积法离散,对流项用幂函数方案离散。

微重力流体力学

目录

前言
第一章 微重力流体科学概论
一、微重力科学与微重力流体科学
1、微重力环境
2、重力的影响
3、微重力流体科学的发展
二、微重力流体力学概述
1、对流
2、扩散及输运现象
3、液滴和气泡动力学
4、多相流过程
5、残余重力效应
6、其他流体力学问题
三、微重力物理化学概述
1、临界现象
2、燃烧
3、分散体悬浮系统
4、晶体生长的物理化学问题
四、微重力流体科学的研究途径
1、微重力研究的一般途径
2、微重力实验手段
参考文献
第二章 基本方程组和流体运动特性
一、引言
二、连续性方程和迁移方程
三、动量方程
1、流体的粘性——Reynolds应力
2、动量守恒定律
3、Navier-Stokes方程
四、能量方程
1、总能量方程
2、动能方程
3、内能方程
4、粘性耗散函数
5、Fourier定律及另外二种形式的能量方程
6、不可压流体的导热方程
五、Newton流体的运动方程组及定解条件
1、基本方程组和适定性
2、定解条件
六、Boussinesq近似及适用范围
七、相似律和无量纲参数
1、利用Buckinghan〓定理导出相似参数
2、微重力流体力学的有关物理量和无量纲参数
参考文献
第三章 毛细现象以及界面的平衡和稳定
一、引言
二、表面张力的物理描述
三、液体射流的表面不稳定
1、基本方程组和基态
2、小扰动的线性化方程
3、本征值方程及其解
四、等温条件下液桥的平衡位型和稳定
1、表面张力作用下的平衡条件
2、毛细稳定性
3、旋转稳定性
第五章 液桥的流体动力学稳定理论
1、基本假设和液桥的平衡条件
2、稳定问题的数学提法
3、液桥的Liapunov稳定理论
4、特殊情形（Ω〓=μ=0）以及纯半波不稳定（n=1，m=1）
5、小扰动方程的变分方程
6、小Weber数和大Reynolds数情形的不稳定发展率
7、液桥微重力实验的结果的分析
8、讨论和结论
参考文献
第四章 对流和扩散
一、Pearson对流
1、自由面不变形时的小扰动分析
2、自由面可变形情形
3、非线性理论
4、多层不混溶液体系统
二、热毛细对流
1、矩形容器中的热毛细对流
2、柱形液桥的热毛细对流
3、半浮区液桥热毛细对流的数值模拟
4、薄层液体的热毛细对流
三、热毛细振荡对流的实验研究
1、液桥内部的温度振荡
2、热毛细对流的表面振荡
3、综合测量
四、热毛细对流的振荡机理
1、热流体波不稳定性
2、表面波不稳定性
3、有限高度液桥的线性不稳定性
4、三维不定常数值模拟
5、重力的影响
6、一种非稳定性理论
7、关于振荡的激发机制
参考文献
第五章 液滴动力学
一、等温液滴动力学
1、球形液滴的振荡
2、不混溶液体中球形液滴的振荡
3、弱非线性理论
4、实验模拟
二、非等温液滴的Marangoni迁移
1、定常线性化理论（小Reynolds数，小Marangoni数）
2、非线性理论
3、实验结果
三、液滴和气泡的相互作用
1、双气泡的轴对称理论
2、多液滴的轴对称理论
四、旋转液滴的演化序列和分叉理论
1、旋转液滴的演化
2、旋转液滴的Thomson-Tait稳定准则
3、长期稳定性和动力稳定性
4、长期稳定性真实性的实验证明
5、结论
参考文献
第六章 微重力材料流体力学
一、晶体生长过程
二、纯扩散过程
1、一维扩散过程
2、二维扩散过程
3、固-液界面弯曲对径向分凝的影响
三、浮区晶体生长
1、浮区的热毛细对流
2、浮区的熔质毛细对流
3、浮区对流的振荡特征（小Prandtl数对流）
4、耦合过程
四、溶液晶体生长
1、溶液晶体生长的相变界面过程
2、一维纯扩散过程
3、准定常溶液晶体生长过程
4、不定常溶液生长过程
五、气相晶体生长
1、气相晶体生长过程
2、一维模型
3、物理气相输运中的对流效应
4、化学气相沉积（CVD）过程
参考文献

Space-time correlations of fluctuating velocities in turbulent shear flows

Space-time correlations or Eulerian two-point two-time correlations of fluctuating velocities are analytically and numerically investigated in turbulent shear flows. An elliptic model for the space-time correlations in the inertial range is developed from the similarity assumptions on the isocorrelation contours: they share a uniform preference direction and a constant aspect ratio. The similarity assumptions are justified using the Kolmogorov similarity hypotheses and verified using the direct numerical simulation DNS of turbulent channel flows. The model relates the space-time correlations to the space correlations via the convection and sweeping characteristic velocities. The analytical expressions for the convection and sweeping velocities are derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for homogeneous turbulent shear flows, where the convection velocity is represented by the mean velocity and the sweeping velocity is the sum of the random sweeping velocity and the shearinduced velocity. This suggests that unlike Taylor’s model where the convection velocity is dominating and Kraichnan and Tennekes’ model where the random sweeping velocity is dominating, the decorrelation time scales of the space-time correlations in turbulent shear flows are determined by the convection velocity, the random sweeping velocity, and the shear-induced velocity. This model predicts a universal form of the spacetime correlations with the two characteristic velocities. The DNS of turbulent channel flows supports the prediction: the correlation functions exhibit a fair good collapse, when plotted against the normalized space and time separations defined by the elliptic model.