282 resultados para Cathode ray tubes.


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Single-crystal tubular products on the millimetre scale have been synthesized from water-soluble calixarene and phenanthroline in the presence of lanthanides by a hydrothermal method, in which the extended structures contain some 1D infinite channels.

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A prominent methanol-tolerant characteristic of the PtCeOx/C electrocatalyst was found during oxygen reduction reaction process. The carbon-supported platinum modified with cerium oxide (PtCeOx/C) as cathode electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells was prepared via a simple and effective route. The synthesized electrocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the cerium oxide within PtCeOx/C present in an amorphous form on the carbon support surface and the PtCeOx/C possesses almost similar disordered morphological structure and slightly smaller particle size compared with the unmodified Pt/C catalyst.

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The structural evolution of an ice-quenched high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to uniaxial tensile deformation at elevated temperatures was examined as a function of the imposed strains by means of combined synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) techniques. The data show that when stretching an isotropic sample with the spherulitic structure, intralamellar slipping of crystalline blocks was activated at small deformations, followed by a stress-induced fragmentation and recrystallization process yielding lamellar crystallites with their normal parallel to the stretching direction. Stretching of an isothermally crystallized HDPE sample at 120 degrees C exhibited changes of the SAXS diagram with strain similar to that observed for quenched HDPE elongated at room temperature, implying that the thermal stability of the crystal blocks composing the lamellae is only dependent on the crystallization temperature.

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Films obtained via drying a polymeric latex dispersion are normally colloidal crystalline where latex particles are packed into a face centered cubic (fcc) structure. Different from conventional atomic crystallites or hard sphere colloidal crystallites, the crystalline structure of these films is normally deformable due to the low glass transition temperature of the latex particles. Upon tensile deformation, depending on the drawing direction with respect to the normal of specific crystallographic plane, one observes different crystalline structural changes. Three typical situations where crystallographic c-axis, body diagonal or face diagonal of the fcc structure of the colloidal crystallites being parallel to the stretching direction were investigated.

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We report enhanced polymer photovoltaic (PV) cells by utilizing ethanol-soluble conjugated poly (9, 9-bis (6'-diethoxylphosphorylhexyl) fluorene) (PF-EP) as a buffer layer between the active layer consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6, 6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester blend and the Al cathode. Compared to the control PV cell with Al cathode, the introduction of PF-EP effectively increases the shunt resistance and improves the photo-generated charge collection since the slightly thicker semi-conducting PF-EP layer may restrain the penetration of Al atoms into the active layer that may result in increased leakage current and quench photo-generated excitons. The power conversion efficiency is increased ca. 8% compared to the post-annealed cell with Al cathode.

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Efficient inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with aluminum (Al) as both the cathode and semitransparent anode are investigated. It is found that introduction of the ultrathin molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)/fullerene (C-60) bilayer structure between the low work function Al top anode and the hole-transporting layer dramatically enhances the device performance as compared to the devices with sole MoO3 or C-60 buffer layer. The ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that the hole injection barrier between Al anode and hole-transporting layer is effectively reduced via strong dipole effect at Al/MoO3/C-60 interfaces with its direction pointing from Al to C-60.

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The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Ce3+ doped NaSr4(BO3)(3) phosphor under the beta-ray irradiation were reported. The polycrystalline sample was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The TL glow curve of NaSr4(BO3)(3):Ce3+ phosphor was composed of only one peak. TL kinetic parameters of NaSr4(BO3)(3):Ce3+ were deduced by the peak shape method, the activation energy (E) was 0.590 eV and the frequency factor was 1.008x10(6) s(-1). TL dose response was linear in the range of measurement. The 3-dimensional (3D) TL emission spectrum was also recorded, the emission spectrum consisted of two bands located at 441 and 479 nm respectively, corresponding to the characteristic 4f(0)5d(1)-> F-2((5/2,7/2)) transitions of the Ce3+ ion. The fading behavior of the NaSr4(BO3)(3):Ce3+ phosphor over a period of 15 d was also studied.

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Trivalent dysprosium (Dy3+)-activated beta-gallium oxide (beta-Ga2O3) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state (SS), coprecipitation (CP), and citrate gel (CG) methods, respectively. The resulting beta-Ga2O3:Dy3+ phosphors were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and by photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectra. The phosphors prepared by different methods show different luminescence properties under the excitation of UV and low-voltage cathode rays. There exists an energy transfer from the beta-Ga2O3 host lattices to Dy3+, and the energy transfer efficiency was higher in the CG-derived phosphors than those of the SS- and CP-derived phosphors. Factors influencing the intensity of luminescence and the energy transfer efficiency from beta-Ga2O3 host to Dy3+ in beta-Ga2O3:Dy3+ phosphors were investigated in detail. It is shown that the CG method is the most respected process for the preparation of beta-Ga2O3:Dy3+ phosphors.

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A new vinyl acyl azide monomer, 4-(azidocarbonyl) phenyl methacrylate, has been synthesized and characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the new monomer has been investigated with FTIR and thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and the monomer has been demonstrated to be stable below 50 degrees C in the solid state. The copolymerizations of the new monomer with methyl acrylate have been carried out at room temperature under Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation in the presence of benzyl 1-H-imidazole-1-carbodithioate. The results show that the polymerizations bear all the characteristics of controlled/living free-radical polymerizations, such as the molecular weight increasing linearly with the monomer conversion, the molecular weight distribution being narrow (< 1.20), and a linear relationship existing between In([M](0)/[M]) and the polymerization time. The data from H-1 NMR and FTIR confirm that no change in the acyl azide groups has occurred in the polymerization process and that acyl azide copolymers have been obtained. The thermal stability of the polymers has also been investigated with TG/DTA and FTIR.

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Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering was used to study the deformation mechanism of high-density polyethylene that was stretched beyond the natural draw ratio. New insight into the cooperative deformational behavior being mediated via slippage of micro-fibrils was gained. The scattering data confirm on the one hand the model proposed by Peterlin on the static structure of oriented polyethylene being composed of oriented fibrils, which are built by bundles of micro-fibrils. On the other hand it was found that deformation is mediated by the slippage of the micro-fibrils and not the slippage of the fibrils. In the micro-fibrils, the polymer chains are highly oriented both in the crystalline and in the amorphous regions. When stretching beyond the natural draw ratio mainly slippage of micro-fibrils past each other takes place. The thickness of the interlamellar amorphous layers increases only slightly. The coupling force between micro-fibrils increases during stretching due to inter-microfibrillar polymer segments being stretched taut thus increasingly impeding further sliding of the micro-fibrils leading finally to slippage of the fibrils.

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Lithium acetylacetonate [Li(acac)] covered with aluminium was used as an efficient electron injection layer in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) consisting of NPB as the hole transport layer and Alq(3) as the electron transport and light emitting layer, resulting in lower turn- on voltage and increased current efficiency. The turn- on voltage (the voltage at a luminance of 1 cd m(-2)) was decreased from 5.5 V for the LiF/Al and 4.4 V for Ca/Al to 4.0 V for Li(acac)/Al, and the device current efficiency was enhanced from 4.71 and 5.2 to 7.0 cd A(-1). The performance tolerance to the layer thickness of Li(acac) is also better than that of the device with LiF. LiF can only be used when deposited as an ultra- thin layer because of its highly insulating nature, while the Li(acac) can be as thick as 5 nm without significantly affecting the EL performance. We suppose that the free lithium released from Li(acac) improves the electron injection when Li(acac) is covered with an Al cathode.

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The structural evolution of high-density polyethylene subjected to uniaxial tensile deformation was investigated as a function of strain and after annealing at different temperatures using a scanning synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. The results confirm that in the course of tensile deformation intralamellar block slips were activated at small deformations followed by a stress-induced fragmentation and recrystallization process yielding thinner lamellae with their normal parallel to the stretching direction. The original sheared lamellae underwent severe internal deformation so that they were even less stable than the newly developed thinner lamellae. Accordingly, annealing results in a melting of the original crystallites even at moderate strains where the stress-induced fragmentation and recrystallization just sets in and generates a distinctly different form of lamellar stacks aligned along the drawing direction. It was found that the lamellae newly formed during stretching at moderate strains remain stable at lower temperature. Only at a very high annealing temperature of 120 degrees C can they be melted, leading to an isotropic distribution of the lamellar structure.