沈阳市郊耕地土壤交换性铁含量的空间异质性

利用地统计学和地理信息系统相结合的方法研究了沈阳市郊耕地1991个样本0～20cm耕层土壤交换性铁含量的空间异质性特征,绘制了交换性铁含量的空间分布图。结果表明:土壤交换性铁含量基本符合正态分布,变异函数的最佳理论模型为球状模型,交换性铁含量具有中等的空间相关性(C0与C0+C比值为41.3%,空间自相关距离为34.9km),Kriging内插图显示出交换性铁具有较强的空间异质性,其空间异质性主要受成土母质、成土过程和土壤类型等结构性因子的影响。

渗灌——设施园艺先进的节水灌溉技术

渗灌具有降低室内湿度、改善土壤环境、节约灌溉用水、减少肥料用量、省工省时、价格适中等优点 ,是目前设施园艺先进的节水灌溉技术。详细介绍了渗灌系统的结构 ,渗灌管的种类以及使用维护方法。

渗灌与漫灌条件下果园土壤物理性质异质性及其分形特征

探讨干旱缺水地区灌溉方式对果园土壤物理性质的影响,为采取合理的果园节水灌溉措施、有效利用灌溉水资源提供科学依据。以鲁中南山地果园为研究区域,利用分形理论,对渗灌和漫灌条件下果园土壤物理性质及其分形特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)渗灌和漫灌土壤物理性质存在着明显的异质性,二者差异显著,土壤容重渗灌比漫灌降低6.71%;土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和毛管孔隙度渗灌比漫灌分别高11.62%,43.84%和8.72%。(2)渗灌和漫灌土壤粒径分布存在明显差异,土壤的粘粒和粉粒含量渗灌高于漫灌,而砂粒和细粗砾含量却是漫灌高于渗灌。(3)渗灌和漫灌土壤颗粒的分形维数差异明显,分形维数分别为2.318 3和2.731 9,渗灌土壤的分形维数变化比较小,比漫灌的分形维数小15.14%;特别是漫灌在0~10 cm土层内土壤颗粒分形维数达到2.811 5。说明渗灌比漫灌具有较好的维持土壤物理性质的功能,漫灌对土壤结构尤其是表层土壤结构的破坏较为严重。

受干扰长白山阔叶红松林林分组成及冠层结构特征

通过样地调查对不同干扰方式产生的过伐天然林、次生白桦林和人工落叶松林等群落的结构组成进行分析和分类探讨 ,并选取了林窗片断和叶面积指数两个能表示群落冠层结构的指标进行分析。结果表明 ,林窗片断值分别为 :原始阔叶红松林 0 194、原始阔叶类 0 185、结构转换型 0 315、结构保留型 0 36 3、结构破坏型 0 2 35、严重干扰类型 0 5 5 0、次生白桦林0 2 13和人工落叶松林 0 2 2 7;叶面积指数分别为 :原始阔叶红松林 1 76 6、原始阔叶类 1 6 80、结构转换型 1 2 5 0、结构保留型 1 0 2 8、结构破坏型 1 5 5 0、严重干扰类型 0 6 35、次生白桦林1 731和人工落叶松林 1 4 73。

微生物混合培养及其应用

简述了混合培养微生物资源及其应用的研究进展。在长期的实验和生产实践中 ,人们发现很多生物过程是微生物纯培养不能完成或只能微弱进行的 ,必须依靠两种或两种以上的微生物共同培养完成。对于很多工业污染物、生物农药、纤维素、几丁质的生物降解 ,微生物混合培养是必要的 ;微生物混合培养可用于维生素C、维生素B1 2 、组氨酸、缬氨酸、L 苹果酸等发酵生产 ,还可用于药物的甾体转化、沼气发酵、湿法冶金等。混合培养的微生物资源应受到人们更多的重视。

Coal-burning roasted corn and chili as the cause of dental fluorosis for children in southwestern China

To find the pathologic cause of the children's dental fluorosis in southwestern China, diet structure before the age of 6 and prevalence rate of dental fluorosis (DF) of 405 children were investigated, and the fluorine and arsenic content of several materials were determined. The prevalence rate of DF of children living on roasted corn before the age of 6 is 100% with nearly 95% having the mild to severe DF; while that of children living on non-roasted corn or rice is less than 5% with all having very mild DF. The average fluorine and arsenic concentration are 20.26 mg/kg and 0.249 mg/kg in roasted corn, which are about 16 times and 35 times more than in non-roasted corn, respectively. The average fluorine concentration is 78 mg/kg in coal, 1116 mg/kg in binder clay and 313 mg/kg in briquette (coal mixed with clay). The average arsenic concentration of coal is 5.83 mg/kg, the binder clay is 20.94 mg/kg, with 8.52 mg/kg in the briquette. Living on roasted corn and chili is the main pathologic cause of endemic fluorosis in southwestern China. The main source of fluorine and arsenic pollution of roasted corn and chill is the briquette of coal and binder clay. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/clay-SO3H hybrid proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells Journal of Power Sources

A new type of sulfonated clay (clay-SO3H) was prepared by the ion exchange method with the sulfanilic acid as the surfactant agent. The grafted amount of sulfanilic acid in clay-SO3H was 51.8 mequiv. (100 g)(-1), which was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/clay-SO3H hybrid membranes which composed of SPEEK and different weight contents of clay-SO3H, were prepared by a solution casting and evaporation method. For comparison, the SPEEK/clay hybrid membranes were produced with the same method.

Surface-modified Nafion membranes with mesoporous SiO2 layers via a facile dip-coating approach for direct methanol fuel cells

In this study. Nafion (R) 117 membrane is surface-modified with mesoporous silica layers through in situ surfactant-templated sol-gel reaction. The reaction makes use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) under acidic condition via dip-coating technique on both sides. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are employed to characterize the resultant membranes. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membranes are also studied.

Investigation of Degradation Behavior of Polymer on Surface of Film Due to the Existence of Monochromatic X-ray

Degradation and its temperature dependence of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the blend film of PMMA/SAN were investigated via ire-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results show that thermal degradation of PMMA takes place at 185, 130, 80 degrees C and even room temperature due to the existence of monochromatic X-ray. Furthermore, the degradation rate depends crucially on the experiment temperature.

Temperature Dependence of Surface Composition and Morphology in Polymer Blend Film

Thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene-ran-acrylonitrile) (SAN) blend can phase separate upon heating to above its critical temperature. Temperature dependence of the surface composition and morphology in the blend thin film upon thermal treatment was studied using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that in addition to phase separation, the blend component preferentially diffused to and aggregated at the surface of the blend film, leading to the variation of surface composition with temperature. At 185 degrees C, above the critical temperature, the amounts of PMMA and SAN phases were comparable.

Selective, peroxidase substrate based "signal-on" colorimetric assay for the detection of chromium (VI)

Due to the potentially adverse effects of the chromium (VI) on the human health and also on the environment, the quantitative determination of Cr(VI) is of particular interest. This work herein reports a facile, selective and rapid colorimetric determination of Cr(VI) based on the peroxidase substrate-2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as the color developing agent. ABTS, which was usually acted as peroxidase substrate for the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, is used here for the first time to fabricate the "signal-on" colorimetric Assay for Cr(VI).

Pd nanoparticles supported on WO3/C hybrid material as catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Pd nanoparticles supported on WO3/C hybrid material have been developed as the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in direct methanol fuel cells. The resultant Pd-WO3/C catalyst has an ORR activity comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst and a higher activity than the Pd/C catalyst prepared with the same method. Based on the physical and electrochemical characterizations, the improvement in the catalytic performance may be attributed to the small particle sizes and uniform dispersion of Pd on the WO3/C, the strong interaction between Pd and WO3 and the formation of hydrogen tungsten bronze which effectively promote the direct 4-electron pathway of the ORR at Pd.

铁基纳米粒子的制备及其在生物医学中的应用

综述了铁基纳米粒子以及磁性微球的主要 制备原理和方法,并分析了不同方法的优缺点,同时也 对磁性微球在医学中的应用作了较为详细的介绍。

Organic/inorganic nanocomposite polymer electrolyte

The organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes were designed and synthesized. The organic/inorganic nanocomposites membrane materials and their lithium salt complexes have been found thermally stable below 200 degrees C. The conductivity of the organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes prepared at room temperature was at magnitude range of 10(-6) S/cm. (c) 2007 Li Qi. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Time-dependent DNA condensation induced by amyloid beta-peptide

The major protein component of the amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease is a 39-43 residue peptide, amyloid beta (A beta). A beta is toxic to neurons, although the mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Evidence exists for non-B DNA conformation in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease brains, and A beta was reportedly able to transform DNA conformation in vitro. In this study, we found that DNA conformation was altered in the presence of A beta, and A beta induced DNA condensation in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, A beta sheets, serving as condensation nuclei, were crucial for DNA condensation, and Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions inhibited A beta sheet-induced DNA condensation. Our results suggest DNA condensation as a mechanism of A beta toxicity.