The fabrication and performance of an Ag/AgCl reference electrode in human serum

A simple set of electric circuits was used to assemble a pulse generator. With pulse potentials and under galvanostatical control, a clean silver wire was anodized electrochemically for 0.2-0.5 min in 1.0 moll(-1) HCl with a pulse current density of 20 mA cm(-2), and the pulse wave parameters of t(a)/t(c) = 1 and a cycle of 4 s forming an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Even though the AgCl layer was consumed during the working period when the Ag/AgCl electrode was used as a cathode, the AgCl layer could be in situ recovered electrochemically in serum used when a reversed potential was applied to the electrode system immediately after the measuring program was finished. The current response curve of the anode indicated that an AgCl layer in high density was basically accomplished during the first 6 pulse cycles in human serum. In order to keep a stable and uniform AgCl layer on the reference electrode after each measuring cycle, the ratio of the recovery time (t(r)) to the working time (t(w)) was measured and the smallest value was obtained at 0.03. The open-circuit potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode with respect to a SCE in 0.1 moll(-1) KCl was monitored over a period of 14 days and the mean value was 40.09 mV vs SCE with a standard deviation of 2.55 mV. The potential of the Ag/AgCl reference electrode did remain constant when the measurements were repeated more than 600 times in undiluted human serum with a standard deviation of 1.89 mV. This study indicated that the Ag/AgCl reference electrode could been rapidly fabricated with a pulse potential and could be used as a reference electrode with long-term stable properties in human serum samples.

异核双金属离子对配合物［Mo（dtc）_4］·［Nd（dtc）_4］的合成、结

合成了一种新型异核双金属离子对配合物［Ｍｏ（ｄｔｃ）＿４］·［Ｎｄ（ｄｔｃ）＿４］，并通过Ｘ－射线衍射法和元素分析确定了其晶体结构和分子结构，在此基础上，经红外光潜分析确定了该配合物的谱学性质。

ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF DIOXYGEN BY AN ELECTROCHEMICALLY POLYMERIZED FLAVIN ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE FILM

An electrochemically polymerized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) film electrode is reported for the first time. The polymerized film was prepared by a two-step method. The electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modifie

10种外眼病泪液中Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe元素测定

检测10种外眼病141例、178眼泪液中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe含量。结果显示,翼状胬肉和泡性角结膜炎泪液中的Ca,复发单疱病毒性角膜炎(HSK)泪液中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe,慢性结膜炎泪液中的Ca、Fe含量均明显低于对照组(P<0.001～0.05)。提示这4种外眼病的病因可能与泪液Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe含量不足有关。

聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)载体铁邻菲啰啉(5-硝基邻菲啰啉)配合物的合成及其对丁二烯聚合的催化活性

合成了不同邻菲啰啉(phen)含量的聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)载体铁邻菲啰啉配合物(SAAC·Fe·phen)和不同5-硝基邻菲啰啉(Nphen)含量的聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)载体铁5-硝基邻菲啰啉配合物(SAAC·Fe·Nphen)。元素分析和红外结果证明SAAC·Fe·phen具有下面的结构:SAAC·Fe·phen-(i-Bu)_3Al二元体系的催化效率是SAAC·Fe-phen-(i-Bu)_3Al三元体系的2倍,是小分子铁的400倍。在SAAC·Fe·phen和SAAC·Fe·Nphen体系中,当phen(或N pnen)/Fe的摩尔比为0.7左右时催化活性最高。催化活性随着Al/Fe摩尔比的增大而升高,但当Al/Fe摩尔比大于70以上活性趋于恒定,和小分子铁催化荆相比这种高分子铁催化剂可以提高聚合温度。

ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR OF YTTRIUM ION IN LICL-KCL-NACL EUTECTIC MELT

The electrochemical reduction of yttrium ion on a molybdenum electrode in a LiCl-KCl-NaCl eutectic melt at 723 K was found to be almost reversible and to proceed by a one-step three electron reaction. The diffusion coefficient D of the Y(III) ion was measured to be (3.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 by cyclic voltammetry, (5.0 +/- 0.9) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 by the rotating disk electrode method, and (7.1 +/- 0.7) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 by chronopotentiometry. The D values obtained by the latter two methods are in fairly good agreement with each other. The rather low D value obtained by cyclic voltammetry might be attributed to the fact that yttrium metal can dissolve slightly in the chloride melt. The standard potential of Y(III)/Y(0) couple was determined to be (-3.174 +/- 0.006) V (vs. Cl2/Cl-) by open-circuit potentiometry, (-3.15 +/- 0.02) V (vs. Cl2/Cl-) by the rotating disk electrode method and (-3.16 +/- 0.02) V (vs. Cl2/Cl) by chronopotentiometry. These three values are in good agreement with each other. Several types of Ni-Y intermetallic compounds were found to be formed on a nickel electrode.

稀土中性苯配合物的化学键及其配位活化

用INDO方法研究了稀土中性η~0-苯配合物的电子结构及其化学键的配位活化。计算结果表明,NdCl_3和AlCl_3通过Cl桥键联的配位作用降低了钕离子的Lewis酸性和Nd-Cl之间的电荷差及其键的极性,导致NdCl_3在苯中溶解度的增大,从而有利于苯分子跟钕离子的配位反应。苯跟钕离子的配位降低了其C-C和C-H键的强度,使苯环上的烷基化反应易于进行。

CAMOS:人工智能结构解析 Ⅳ应用化学信息和碳-13谱分析亚结构集合

本文介绍在CAMOS系统中应用化学信息和碳-13谱图信息进行亚结构集合分析的方法.这些方法可以有效地筛选除不符合未知物信息的候选亚结构集合,降低结构生成过程中的组合度,避免冗余结构的生成,从而使整个系统效率提高.程序采用人机会话方式进行,可在小型或微型计算机上运行.

熔盐电解制备Ga-Nd合金的研究

Ga-Nd合金对磁性材料及半导体材料的研制是非常有用的。本文详细地研究了采用低熔点的镓作为阴极,从KCl-NdCl_3熔盐中电解制备廉价Ga-Nd合金的工艺条件。 本研究采用KCl-NdCl_3熔盐体系进行电解。KCl为分析纯。NdCl_3由Nd_2O_3(>99.99％)加过量NH_4Cl混合后,在大瓷蒸发皿中于350℃进行搅拌反应,直至产物完全溶于水。用滴定法确定原料中NdCl_3的含量。以金属镓作阴极(纯度为99.99wt％),阴

PM-526型无机涂料的电子能谱分析

本文对 PM-526型无机涂料粉末、拉膜、使用后的涂层以及经强化试验后的膜样品,进行X-光电子能谱的表面信息分析;指出它是 Ca 基氧化物蒙脱石结构,涂层成膜后与建筑物表面形成Si-O 键,因而是牢固的结合。

A NEW TYPE OF ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE FOR NONAQUEOUS SOLUTION

A new type of ion-selective electrode-water membrane system is proposed and an assumption of water membrane is confirmed. A NdCl_3 water membrane electrode has be- en made te demonstrate its applicability to the determination of Nd (PMBP)_3 (PMBP=1- phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone)in cyclohexanone. Conditions for stabilizing potential of reference electrode in nonaqueous system are optimized. It is observed that the potential response on the surface of two immiscible solution is bidirection...

聚丙烯/-1,2-聚丁二烯共混物的形态结构及性能

本文研究了乙烯基含量不同与分子量不同的1,,2-聚丁二烯(1,2-PB)与基聚丙烯(PP)共混物的形态结构和性能。结果表明,1,2-PB 与 PP 具有一定的相容性,相容程度与乙烯含基量有关。1,2-PB 的加入,使 PP 相邻球晶产生片层相互交叉的界面结构,又使 PP 有β型结晶生产。1.2-PB 的最隹增韧效果可与乙丙橡胶相比拟。

用于非水介质分析的新型离子选择电极——水膜电极的设想及验证

液膜离子选择电极的研究发展迅速,但迄今只是局限于用有机溶液作为液膜,用来测定水溶液中的组分。本文首次提出一种新型离子选择电极——水膜电极。采用水溶液作为液膜,可分析有机溶液中的组分。这种电极用于非水介质中的分析,有其独特的优点,可直接测量非水溶液中某种离子的平衡活度(或浓度),对理论研究有较大的意义。

A clip domain serine protease (cSP) from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis: cDNA characterization and mRNA expression

Clip domain serine protease (cSP), characterized by conserved clip domains, is a new serine protease family identified mainly in arthropod, and plays important roles in development and immunity. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of a cSP (designated EscSP) was cloned from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis by expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and PCR techniques. The 1380 bp EscSP cDNA contained a 1152 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative cSP of 383 amino acids, a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 54 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 174 bp. Multiple sequence alignment presented twelve conserved cysteine residues and a canonical catalytic triad (His(185), Asp(235) and Ser(332)) critical for the fundamental structure and function of EscSP. Two types of cSP domains, the clip domain and tryp_spc domain, were identified in the deduced amino acids sequence of EscSP. The conservation characteristics and similarities with previously known cSPs indicated that EscSP was a member of the large cSP family. The mRNA expression of EscSP in different tissues and the temporal expression in haemocytes challenged by Listonella anguillarum were measured by real-time RT-PCR. EscSP mRNA transcripts could be detected in all examined tissues, and were higher expressed in muscle than that in hepatopancreas. gill, gonad, haemocytes and heart. The EscSP mRNA expression in haemocytes was up-regulated after L anguillarum challenge and peaked at 2 h (4.96 fold, P < 0.05) and 12 h (9.90 fold, P < 0.05). Its expression pattern was similar to prophenoloxidase (EsproPO), one of the components of crab proPO system found in our previous report. These results implied that EscSP was involved in the processes of host-pathogen interaction probably as one of the proPO system members. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.