非线性周期波及破碎波对杆件的作用力

本文采用十五阶 Stokes 波的 Pade 逼近,获得了与实验较为一致的流场,并且利用已有的破碎波的速度、加速度场,计算了非线性波和破碎波对各种杆件作用力,比较了它们的主要特征,为海洋工程设计提供依据。

粘流-无粘干扰流动(IF)理论

对不可压缩层流二维干扰流动,本文提出一个干扰流动(IF)理论。IF理论要点为:1)干扰流动沿主流的法向被分为三层即粘性层、干扰层和无粘层,引进了法向动量交换为主导过程的干扰层概念。2)利用力学守恒律、三层匹配关系及文中引进的干扰模型,把三层的空间尺度及惯性-粘性诸力的数置级表示为单参数m的函数,m<1/2•3)导出描述各层流动的控制方程、导出描述全城流动的控制方程为简化Navie-Stokes(SNS)方程。IF理论适用于不存在分离的附着干扰流动以及存在分离的大范围干扰流动,经典边界层(CBL)理论和流动分离局部区域Triple-Deck(TD)理论分别是本文理论在参数m=O和1/4时的两个特例,本文理论容易推广到可压缩、三维及湍流流动。

矩形截面直管中的振荡流动

通过解析求解纳维尔-斯托克斯方程,本文给出了矩形截面直管中的层流振荡流动解。该解适用于不同的截面高宽比r和不同的振荡流动雷诺数。对典型的r和λ(雷诺数的平方根),给出了振荡流动速度的振幅比和相位差的等值线分布以及振荡流动速度随时间的变化,可以看出流动的速度分布如何从低频高粘性类型向高频低粘性的边界层流型逐渐变化;也可以看出管的边壁和角部对振荡流动的影响。当振荡频率ω为零时,本文结果即成为通过矩形截面定常管流的Stokes解。

圆柱绕流旋涡运动及离散涡方法

<正> 圆柱绕流问题最早是Stokes于1901年开始研究的。最近15年来,以圆柱非定常分离流为代表的非流线型物体绕流及伴随的旋涡运动受到很大重视。这主要是因为它与近代海洋工程、航空工程及工业空气动力学中不少急待解决的流体力学问题有关。例如,海洋平台桩柱、导管等所受的波浪力分析中,当结构物特征尺寸与波浪的波长相比较小(且K-C数在5—30范围内)时,柱后的旋涡脱落及它所诱导的力(引起构件的振动)是主要应考虑的问题,要给出正确的预计。导弹无侧滑大攻角飞行时背风面分离涡面的不对称运动产生不希望有的偏航力,分析其产生的机理,预计其大小并设法抑制这种力十分重要。此外还有气动噪声及高耸建筑物的风振问题等等。这些复杂问题的解决常常要以低速高雷诺数圆柱非定常分离流研究为基础。

球形粒子的热致迁移及各跳跃系数对适应系数的依赖关系

本文讨论有温度梯度场的稀薄气体(K_n(?)1时)中圆球所受的热泳力问题。在内区设分子在壁面作Maxwell类型反射求解B-K-W方程,与外区的Stokes方程和Laplace方程的解匹配。滑移系数C_m,热蠕动系数C_s和温度跳跃系数C_t,做为待定量在内区解的一阶近似中定出。所得的热泳力与实验相符,计算所得的C_m,C_s和C_t之值及对适应系数α的依赖关系与用变分等方法对平板问题所得结果相符。

非线性流动稳定性理论

<正> 流体的湍流运动普遍存在于大气、海洋、飞行器周围、推进装置和流体机械中,探讨湍流形成的条件和过程是流动稳定性理论的研究对象。 早在1843年,Stokes就预见到流体状态转捩的原因是失稳。整整100年前(1883年),Reynolds让液体流入不同口径的圆管,并在对称轴上注入一股纤细的颜色水,以便明显、敏感地观察到湍流的发生。他发现: (1)流速较低时,可以看到层次分明的层流,流速增加到一定程度后,就转变成高度无序的湍流状态;

一个推广Virial定理的数学方法和应用

本文在提出广义Gauss定理的思路下,提出了广义Stokes定理和一个推广Virial定理的新方法,后者应用于天体磁流体力学和引力平衡问题时得到的结果有:(1)气体具有运动时的平衡系统的判据,(2)磁场对气团形态的影响。应用于实验室等离子体平衡问题时,其结果有:(1)包围在气体中孤立磁场的特性,(2)发现内包无力场必须外包一有力场,(3)无力场的形态,应用于Tokmak等离子体环时的结果有:(1)环的胖瘦对环表面磁压的影响,(2)两个外加磁场分量分别和气压、环的胖瘦,截面形态、环电流分布和逆磁或顺磁的平衡关系,搞清楚了外加磁场约束等离子体总体平衡的物理机制。

探测气体平衡及非平衡态的相干反斯托克斯喇曼散射技术

<正> 一、引言 这篇综述的目的在于介绍最近发展起来的相干反斯托克斯喇曼散射(Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering(CARS))方法在诊断平衡及非平衡态气体中的应用,包括实验及理论两部分.文内还扼要介绍了我们正在筹备的测试系统的方案。 在气体中,特别在稀薄气体非平衡流动中,探测粒子数密度分布;混合含气中各组分,各能态的分布;平动、振动、转动温度;粒子的激发和弛豫过程,都是比较困难的,而这些

稀薄气流在麦克斯韦类型边界条件下对球的绕流

本文讨论低速稀薄气流(K_n《1)中圆球阻力问题,在Knudsen层中取分子在表面作Maxwell类型反射的壁面条件求解线性B-K-W方程,而以Stokes区的匹配渐近展开解为无穷远处的边界条件,在表面与均匀来流间温差为小量的假设下得到了小K_n数下圆球绕流的解。除稀薄气体效应外,还考虑了惯性效应和分子在表面的反射机制,所得的球阻表达为K_n、Re和热适应系数α的函数。

Effect of nonlinear wave-current interaction on flow fields and hydrodynamic forces

A fifth-order theory for solving the problem of interaction between Stokes waves and exponential profile currents is proposed. The calculated flow fields are compared with measurements. Then the errors caused by the linear superposition method and approximate theory are discussed. It is found that the total wave-current field consists of pure wave, pure current and interaction components. The shear current not only directly changes the flow field, but also indirectly does sx, by changing the wave parameters due to wave-current interaction. The present theory can predict the wave kinematics on shear currents satisfactorily. The linear superposition method may give rise to more than 40% loading error in extreme conditions. When the apparent wave period is used and the Wheeler stretching method is adopted to extrapolate the current, application of the approximate theory is the best.

Compressible laminar boundary-layer flows of a dusty gas over a semi-infinite flat-plate

The compressible laminar boundary-layer flows of a dilute gas-particle mixture over a semi-infinite flat plate are investigated analytically. The governing equations are presented in a general form where more reasonable relations for the two-phase interaction and the gas viscosity are included. The detailed flow structures of the gas and particle phases are given in three distinct regions : the large-slip region near the leading edge, the moderate-slip region and the small-slip region far downstream. The asymptotic solutions for the two limiting regions are obtained by using a seriesexpansion method. The finite-difference solutions along the whole length of the plate are obtained by using implicit four-point and six-point schemes. The results from these two methods are compared and very good agreement is achieved. The characteristic quantities of the boundary layer are calculated and the effects on the flow produced by the particles are discussed. It is found that in the case of laminar boundary-layer flows, the skin friction and wall heat-transfer are higher and the displacement thickness is lower than in the pure-gas case alone. The results indicate that the Stokes-interaction relation is reasonable qualitatively but not correct quantitatively and a relevant non-Stokes relation of the interaction between the two phases should be specified when the particle Reynolds number is higher than unity.

Theory of local mode excitation in polyatomics by frequency-modulated lasers

that the Stokes-interaction relation is reasonable qualitatively but not correct

圆形域内串列双柱振动诱导的定常整流流动的数值模拟

在ε<<和Rs≥0(1)下采用贴体网格生成、数值求解NS方程研究圆形域内串列等直径双柱作同频同相小振幅振动在静止粘性不可压缩流体中诱导的Stokes层外的定常整流旋涡流动。数值结果表明，流场外边界的存在使大于临界雷诺数时外边界附近产生高阶分离旋涡，在很小的整流雷诺数变化范围内造成整流流谱改变。串列双柱柱间距的增加及圆域对振动柱柱径比的减小都使发生高阶分离的临界整流雷诺数之值下降。

双柱振动诱导定常整流旋涡流动的实验研究

用流动显示实验研究圆形静止不可压缩粘性流体域内以圆心对称布置的双柱作同频同相小振幅振动时诱导的Stokes层外的定常整流旋涡流动。实验表明，串列双柱当柱间距足够大时整流流谱呈八涡结构，当间距很小或为零时呈四涡结构。双柱的斜置有利于整流旋涡的合并。当柱间距接近至一定范围时，整流流动呈三维特征。振幅的减小和频率的降低使流动易出现三维现象。

Characteristics of flow fields induced by interfacial waves in two-layer fluid

When designing deep ocean structures, it is necessary to estimate the effects of internal waves on the platform and auxiliary parts such as tension leg, riser and mooring lines. Up to now, only a few studies are concerned with the internal wave velocity fields. By using the most representative two-layer model, we have analyzed the behavior of velocity field induced by interfacial wave in the present paper. We find that there may exist velocity shear of fluid particles in the upper and lower layers so that any structures in the ocean are subjected to shear force nearby the interface. In the meantime, the magnitude of velocity for long internal wave appears spatially uniform in the respective layer although they still decay exponentially. Finally, the temporal variation for Stokes and solitary waves are shown to be of periodical and pulse type.