2-(2-Phenyl-1H-phenanthro-[9,10-d]imidazole-1-yl)-acetic acid (PPIA) and its application for determination of amines by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and identification with mass spectroscopy/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

A simple, sensitive, and mild method for the determination of amino compounds based on a condensation reaction with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC-HCI) as the dehydrant with fluorescence detection has been developed. Amines were derivatized to their acidamides with labeling reagent 2-(2-phenyl-1H-phenanthro-[9,10-d]imidazole-1-yl)-acetic acid (PPIA). Studies on derivatization conditions indicated that the coupling reaction proceeded rapidly and smoothly in the presence of a base catalyst in acetonitrile to give the corresponding sensitively fluorescent derivatives with an excitation maximum at lambda(ex) 260nm and an emission maximum at lambda(em) 380nm. The labeled derivatives exhibited high stability and were enough to be efficiently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Identification of derivatives was carried out by online post-column mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS/MS) and showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z [MH](+) under APCI in positive-ion mode. At the same time, the fluorescence properties of derivatives in various solvents or at different temperature were investigated. The method, in conjunction with a gradient elution, offered a baseline resolution of the common amine derivatives on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C-8 column. LC separation for the derivatized amines showed good reproducibility with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. Detection limits calculated from 0.78 pmol injection, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 3.1-18.2 fmol. The mean intra- and inter-assay precision for all amine levels were < 3.85% and 2.11%, respectively. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of > 0.9996. The established method for the determination of aliphatic amines from real wastewater and biological samples was satisfactory. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

两栖机器人足板驱动装置研究

两栖机器人是一种既可以在陆地、滩涂上行走，又可以在水中浮游的特种机器人，具有陆上步行机器人的行走能力和水下机器人的水中航行能力。足板驱动两栖机器人的研究是在轮桨腿一体化两栖机器人的研究背景下展开的，论文针对 足板驱动两栖机器人运动和作业环境的特点从水下和陆地两个部分展开研究。机器人在水下运动的时候，由摆动足板提供前进、后退的推进力并控制机器人的运动方向。定量计算产生在摆动足板上的推进力和推进力矩是研究的难点。 首先建立了刚性足板的数学模型，利用基于求解雷诺平均的纳维——斯托克斯方程的 Fluent 软件，进行了无界流场中二维足板定常绕流的流体动力特性计算。接着采用动网格技术以及强大的后处理系统，详细计算了摆动足板在粘性流场中的非定常水动力性能；探讨了摆动的幅度、频率等对足板非定常水动力性能的影响。最后建立了足板驱动两栖机器人在水中的空间运动方程。机器人在陆地爬行的时候，在分析陆地爬行机理和特性的基础上，理论推导出足板陆地运动状态下的数学模型，为了更加接近真实情况，应用动态接触碰撞模型，考虑了足板与地面的冲击、摩擦、滑动和变形，建立了足板驱动两栖机器人运动的全局动力学仿真模型。对运动的全过程进行仿真，仿真研究包括支撑相与摆动相转换时的动态性能，以期对其进行合理的运动规划和控制，实现不同步态间的平滑转换，进行高精度的姿态调整，达到在复杂自然表面平稳行走的应用要求。同时获得足板实现预定运动要求的驱动力矩以便于进行驱动器性能指标的确定，并指导器件选型和结构强度设计。最终研究设计出既能实现陆地爬行，又能实现水下浮游的足板驱动装置，实现机器人的不同模式运动。

New progress in R&D of lower olefin synthesis

This paper gives a brief review of R&D researches for light olefin synthesis directly and indirectly from synthesis gas in the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP). The first pilot plant test was on methanol to olefin (MTO) reaction and was finished in 1993, which was based on ZSM-5-type catalyst and fixed bed reaction. In the meantime, a new indirect method designated as SDTO (syngas via dimethylether to olefin) was proposed. In this process, metal-acid bifunctional catalyst was applied for synthesis gas to dimethylether(DME) reaction, and modified SAPO-34 catalyst that was synthesized by a new low-cost method with optimal crystal size was used to convert DME to light olefin on a fluidized bed reactor. The pilot plant test on SDTO was performed and finished in 1995. Evaluation of the pilot plant data showed that 190-200 g of DME were yielded by single-pass for each standard cubic meter of synthesis gas. For the second reaction, 1.880 tons of DME or 2.615 tons of methanol produced 1 ton of light olefins, which constitutes of 0.533 ton of ethylene, 0.349 ton of propylene and 0.118 ton of butene. DICP also paid some attention on direct conversion of synthesis gas to light olefins. A semi-pilot plant test (catalyst 1.8 1) was finished in 1995 with a CO conversion > 70% and a C(2)(=)-C(4)(=) olefin selectivity 71-74% in 1000 h. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

D���人格与冠心病患者身心健康的关系

D���人格（指经历消极情感和社交压抑的综合行为模式）作为冠心病的心理危险因素，得到了广泛的关注。本研究在中国人群中首次探索D���人格与冠心病的关系。作者建构了心理、行为、生理、医学相结合的综合研究框架，采用问卷调查法、临床实验法以及访谈法，考察D���人格对冠心病患者身心健康的影响，以及可能的行为和生理机制。结果表明： 1．D���人格量表中文版具有良好的信度和效度。根据消极情感≧10且社交压抑≧10的划分标准，D���人格在我国冠心病人群和健康人群中的分布比例均为31％。 2．A型人格与D���人格的共同点在于消极情感，区别在于D���人格具有特殊的社交压抑结构。我国冠心病患者中A型人格比例（58％）高于健康人群（43％）。 3．A型人格与冠心病的病情（即冠状动脉狭窄程度）、患者的自评身心健康均无关。D���人格与冠心病的病情无关，但D���人格能够独立地预测自评身心健康的下降，并且不依赖于疾病状况（患病或健康）。 4．D���人格患者在应对疾病的过程中，更多地采用屈服，更少地采用面对。疾病应对方式对D���人格与患者自评身心健康的关系起中介作用。 5．在冠状动脉造影的应激条件下，冠心病患者的D���人格总分与应激下心血管反应无关，但男性患者的消极情感、社交压抑能够预测应激下舒张压反应。 此外，本研究的结果具有重要的临床价值，比如采用D���人格量表中文版鉴别高危人群以提高他们的身心健康水平，在进行D���人格干预时要关注行为方式，在对冠心病进行预防和治疗时要注意心理生理反应的性别差异等。

A型、D���人格影响冠心病预后的心理生理机制

Coronary heart disease （CHD���is a common cardiovascular disease in the elderly, is also a typical psychosomatic disease. Personality factors are very important in many psychological factors impacting on the prognosis of patients with CHD. The most influential personality factors to CHD are Type A and Type D personality. The previous research has shown that although Type A personality increased the prevalence of CHD, it cannot predict the development and prognosis after diagnosis. In contradict, Type D personality can predict prognosis. There is still no clinic-based or theory-based answer to the question: Why Type A personality cannot predict the outcome while Type D personality could predict the prognosis independently. The current research conducted a systematic investigation to the above question, which included one comparison study between CHD patients and control group, and four studies on reaction experiment and answered the question: why Type A personality cannot predict whereas Type D personality could effectively predict prognosis of CHD. The findings of the current research were: Type A and Type D personality influence CHD prognosis through different psychological mechanisms: both dimensions of Type D personality have direct influence on social support, whereas neither dimensions of Type A personality related to social support, directly of indirectly. Negative affection component of Type D personality significantly related to anxiety and depression, Social repression significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Both dimensions of Type A personality significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Neither under rest or diaphragmatic breathing conditions, Type A personality had no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among healthy young males. Neither Type A nor Type D personality had significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among old CHD patients under rest condition. Type D personality predicted lower sympathetic excitation under rest condition, and lower cardiac vagal tone under diaphragmatic breathing condition among healthy young males. When actively reacted to stimuli (math calculation) under rest condition, Type A personality increased sympathetic excitation among healthy young males. When actively reacted to stimuli (math calculation) under diaphragmatic breathing condition, Type A personality increased cardiac vagal tone among the same group of subjects. When actively reacted to stimuli under neither condition, Type D personality showed no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. When passively reacted to stimuli under neither condition, Type A personality showed no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. When passively stimulated followed rest, Type D personality increased sympathetic excitation and decreased cardiac vagal tone among young males. When passively stimulated followed diaphragmatic breathing, Typed showed no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. The above results indicated that Type A and Type D personalities had different psychological mechanisms to the outcome of CHD treatment: neither dimensions of Type A personality had direct or indirect effects on social support; both dimensions of Type D personality had direct and indirect effects on social support. Negative affection component of Type D personality significantly related to anxiety and depression, Social repression significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Both dimensions of Type A personality significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Social support positively related to the outcome after CHD treatment. The biological mechanisms of Type A and Type B personality to CHD prognosis differed in the following ways: Type A personality increased sympathetic excitation when actively stimulated, but had no influence when passively stimulated among young male subjects. When passively stimulated after rest, Type D personality predicted high sympathetic excitation and low cardiac vagal tone among young males, but not vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. Key words: Type A personality, Type D personality, Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Prognosis, Psychobiological Mechanisms