吐哈盆地山前带构造岩相带及油气藏预测研究

This paper based on the example of mountain front tectonic belt of Tuha basin - a typical basin in west China, using geological, logging and seismic data, combining the two methods-comprehensive analysis of geological-geophysical data and numerical simulation together, studies the types of tectonic lithofacies and the mechanism of oil/gas accumulation in mountain front tectonic belt, and predicts favorable exploration areas. The tectonic lithofacies in periphery belt of compressional basin is systematically studied for the first time. The distribution and systematically analyzed with geological, logging and seismic data; the bury history of formations in the mountain front are restored with the back-stripping technique; the tectonic depression history of the mountain front is studied according to Airy Balanced Model; the tectonic evolution history is restored with the balanced section technique; according to the space composition of tectonic units and sedimentary systems of different geological time, the tectonic facies belt of the middle and lower Jurassic in the piedmont is divided into 12 types, and the controls of each type's tectonic lithofacies belt on the conditions of oil/gas generation, reservation and sealing are analyzed in depth. 3D numerical simulation and analysis is applied to the tectonic stress field in the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming-period for the first time. Because of the complex evolution of mountain front of Tuha basin, 3D numerical simulation of tectonic stress field in the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming-period helps to study the magnitude of the maximum principal stress, the minimum principal stress and the shear stress, the range and distribution of the principal stress, and controls of the upwards factors on the oil/gas migration and accumulation. Through the study on the oil-controlling fault's evolution, sealing mechanism and sealing history, the coupling of two effects of the fault-passage and sealing screen for oil/gas migration can be defined. Using the basic principle of petroleum system analysis, the paper systematically studies the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming mechanism and the time-space matching of the factors that affect the formation of reservoir, such as the space matching of active oil/gas matching of the active period of fault, the migration period of oil/gas and the formation period of trap. Through comprehensive analysis, the favorable exploration targets are selected in selected in the mountain front.

中国大中型气田天然气成藏物理化学模拟研究

Natural gas pays more important role in the society as clean fuel. Natural gas exploration has been enhanced in recent years in many countries. It also has prospective future in our country through "85" and "95" national research. Many big size gas fields have been discovered in different formations in different basins such as lower and upper Paleozoic in Erdos basin, Tertiary system in Kuche depression in Tarim basin, Triassic system in east of Sichuan basin. Because gas bearing basins had been experienced multiple tectogenesis. The characteristics of natural gases usually in one gas field are that they have multiple source rocks and are multiple maturities and formed in different ages. There has most difficult to research on the gas-rock correlation and mechanism of gas formation. Develop advanced techniques and methods and apply them to solve above problems is necessary. The research is focused on the critical techniques of geochemistry and physical simulation of gas-rock correlation and gas formation. The lists in the following are conclusions through research and lots of experiments. I 8 advanced techniques have been developed or improved about gas-rock correlation and gas migration, accumulation and formation. A series of geochemistry techniques has been developed about analyzing inclusion enclave. They are analyzing gas and liquid composition and biomarker and on-line individual carbon isotope composition in inclusion enclave. These techniques combing the inclusion homogeneous temperature can be applied to study on gas-rock correlation directly and gas migration, filling and formation ages. Technique of on-line determination individual gas carbon isotope composition in kerogen and bitumen thermal pyrolysis is developed. It is applied to determine the source of natural is kerogen thermal degradation or oil pyrolysis. Method of on-line determination individual gas carbon isotope composition in rock thermal simulation has being improved. Based on the "95"former research, on-line determination individual gas carbon isotope composition in different type of maceral and rocks thermal pyrolys is has been determined. The conclusion is that carbon isotope composition of benzene and toluene in homogenous texture kerogen thermal degradation is almost same at different maturity. By comparison, that in mixture type kerogen thermal pyrolysis jumps from step to step with the changes of maturity. This conclusion is a good proof of gas-rock dynamic correlation. 3. Biomarker of rock can be determined directly through research. It solves the problems such as long period preparing sample, light composition losing and sample contamination etc. It can be applied to research the character of source rock and mechanism of source rock expulsion and the path of hydrocarbon migration etc. 4. The process of hydrocarbon dynamic generation in source rock can be seen at every stage applying locating observation and thermal simulation of ESEM. The mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in source rock is discussed according to the experiments. This technique is advanced in the world. 5. A sample injection system whose character is higher vacuum, lower leaks and lower blank has been built up to analyze inert gas. He,Ar,Kr and Xe can be determined continuously on one instrument and one injection. This is advanced in domestic. 7. Quality and quantity analysis of benzene ring compounds and phenolic compounds and determination of organic acid and aqueous gas analysis are applied to research the relationship between compounds in formation water and gas formation. This is another new idea to study the gas-rock correlation and gas formation. 8. Inclusion analysis data can be used to calculate the Paleo-fluid density, Paleo-geothermal gradient and Paleo-geopressure gradient and then to calculate the Paleo-fluid potential. It's also a new method to research the direction of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. 9. Equipment of natural gas formation simulation is produced during the research to probe how the physical properties of rock affect the gas migration and accumulation and what efficiency of gas migrate and factors of gas formation and the models of different type of migration are. II study is focused on that if the source rocks of lower Paleozoic generated hydrocarbon and what the source rocks of weathered formation gas pool and the mechanism of gas formation are though many advanced techniques application. There are four conclusions. 1.The maturity of Majiagou formation source rocks is higher in south than that in north. There also have parts of the higher maturity in middle and east. Anomalous thermal pays important role in big size field formation in middle of basin. 2. The amount of gas generation in high-over maturity source rocks in lower Paleozoic is lager than that of most absorption of source rocks. Lower Paleozoic source rocks are effective source rocks. Universal bitumen exists in Ordovician source rocks to prove that Ordovician source rocks had generated hydrocarbon. Bitumen has some attribution to the middle gas pool formation. 3. Comprehensive gas-rock correlation says that natural gases of north, west, south of middle gas field of basin mainly come from lower Paleozoic source rocks. The attribution ratio of lower Paleozoic source rocks is 60%-70%. Natural gases of other areas mainly come from upper Paleozoic. The attribution ratio of upper Paleozoic source rocks is 70%. 4. Paleozoic gases migration phase of Erdos basin are also interesting. The relative abundance of gasoline aromatic is quite low especially toluene that of which is divided by that of methyl-cyclohexane is less than 0.2 in upper Paleozoic gas pool. The migration phase of upper Paleozoic gas may be aqueous phase. By comparison, the relative abundance of gasoline aromatic is higher in lower Paleozoic gas. The distribution character of gasoline gas is similar with that in source rock thermal simulation. The migration phase of it may be free phase. IH Comprehensive gas-rock correlation is also processed in Kuche depression Tarim basin. The mechanism of gas formation is probed and the gas formation model has been built up. Four conclusions list below. 1. Gases in Kuche depression come from Triassic-Jurassic coal-measure source rocks. They are high-over maturity. Comparatively, the highest maturity area is Kelasu, next is Dabei area, Yinan area. 2. Kerogen thermal degradation is main reason of the dry gas in Kuche depression. Small part of dry gas comes from oil pyrolysis. VI 3.The K12 natural gas lays out some of hydro-gas character. Oil dissolved in the gas. Hydro-gas is also a factor making the gas drier and carbon isotope composition heavier. 4. The mechanism and genesis of KL2 gas pool list as below. Overpressure has being existed in Triassic-Jurassic source rocks since Keche period. Natural gases were expulsed by episode style from overpressure source rocks. Hetero-face was main migration style of gas, oil and water at that time. The fluids transferred the pressure of source rocks when they migrated and then separated when they got in reservoir. After that, natural gas migrated up and accumulated and formed with the techno-genesis. Tectonic extrusion made the natural gas overpressure continuously. When the pressure was up to the critical pressure, the C6-C7 composition in natural gas changed. The results were that relative abundance of alkane and aromatic decreased while cycloalkane and isoparaffin increased. There was lots of natural gas filling during every tectonic. The main factors of overpressure of natural gas were tectonic extrusion and fluid transferring pressure of source rocks. Well preservation was also important in the KL2 gas pool formation. The reserves of gas can satisfy the need of pipeline where is from west to east. IV A good idea of natural gas migration and accumulation modeling whose apparent character is real core and formation condition is suggested to model the physical process of gas formation. Following is the modeling results. 1. Modeling results prove that the gas accumulation rule under cap layer and gas fraction on migration path. 2. Natural gas migration as free phase is difficult in dense rock. 3. Natural gases accumulated easily in good physical properties reservoirs where are under the plugging layer. Under the condition of that permeability of rock is more than 1 * 10~(-3)μm~(-1), the more better the physical properties and the more bigger pore of rock, the more easier the gas accumulation in there. On the contrary, natural gas canonly migrate further to accumulate in good physical properties of rock. 4. Natural gas migrate up is different from that down. Under the same situation, the amount of gas migration up is lager than that of gas migration down and the distance of migration up is 3 times as that of migration down. 5. After gas leaks from dense confining layer, the ability of its dynamic plug-back decreased apparently. Gas lost from these arils easily. These confining layer can confine again only after geology condition changes. 6. Water-wetted and capillary-blocking rocks can't block water but gases generally. The result is that water can migrate continuously through blocking rocks but the gases stay under the blocking rocks then form in there. The experiments have proved the formation model of deep basin gas.

论大型拆离滑覆构造的特征、形成机制及其与油气成藏关系—以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷为例

The studies of this paper is an important part of the "ninth five" science&technology-tackling project of CNPC -The oil and gas distribution regulation and the aims of explortion in jizhong depression. Basing on the former research results, with the materials of regional structural setting, major tectonic movements, bi-and tri-dimension seismic sections, oil well sections and reservoir sections, this paper involves studies of tectonic evolution, sedimentarv evolution, magma movement and reservoir prediction. The existence of huge stripping and gliding nappe is proved in the RaoYang Sag for the frist time. The properties, development, evolution and the relationship with reservoir of the stripping and gliding nappe are discussed in details in this paper. It is also talked about the affects of stripping and nappes to oil and gas exploration theoretically and practically in the paper. The marking attributes of the stripping and gliding nappe includes stripping and gliding plane, two deformation systems, stratigraphic repeat and hiatus close to the stripping and gliding plane, and the deformation attributes in the front and back of stripping and gliding nappe. The RaoYang stripping and gliding nappes can be divided into different belts in north-south direction and different zones in east-west direction. RaoYang Stripping and gliging nappes took place in the late Paleogene period and before the sedimentation of Neogene period. The sliding direction is NWW. The sliding distance is about 6km. The geothermal gradient in the separating slump area is low and stable. The formation of the stripping and gliding nappes is due to the regional structural setting, the sediments of Paleogene system, the soft roof and the uneven rising movement of structure units. The evolution of the stripping and gliding nappes can be divided into the following stages: regional differential elevation and subsidence, unstable gravity and gravitational sliding, the frist wholly stripping faults and sliding stage, and the following second and third stripping faults and sliding stages. The identification of RaoNan stripping and gliding nappes has an important role on the research of regional structure and oil and gas exploration. Basing on the properties of stripping and gliding nappes, we can identtify the gliding fractures, ductile compressional folds, the front and back structures of gliding nappes and gliding plane covered structures. Combination with different reservoir forming conditions, these structures can lead to different categories of reservoirs.

大兴安岭南段中生代火山-侵入杂岩带的双层叠置构造体制兼论滇中武定、易门碳酸质火山岩年代、来源及矿库与找矿研究

These are two parts included in this report. In the first part, the zonation of the complexes in its series, lithofacies, the depth of magma source and chambers is discussed in detailed for the first time based on the new data of petrol-chemistry, isotopes, tectono-magma activity of Mesozoic volcano-plutonic complexes in the southern Great Hinggan Mts. Then, the genetic model of the zonality, double overlapped layer system, is proposed. The main conclusions are presented as follows: The Mesozoic volcanic-plutonic complexes in the southern Great Hinggan were formed by four stages of magma activity on the base of the subduction system formed in late Paleozoic. The Mesozoic magmatic activity began in Meso-Jurassic Epoch, flourished in late Jurassic Epoch, and declined in early Cretaceous Epoch. The complexes consist dominantly of acidic rocks with substantial intermediate rocks and a few mefic ones include the series of calc alkaline, high potassium calc alkaline, shoshonite, and a few alkaline. Most of those rocks are characterized by high potassium. The volcano-plutonic complexes is characterized by zonality, and can be divided mainly into there zones. The west zone, located in northwestern side of gneiss zone in Great Xinggan mountains, are dominated of high potassium basalts and basaltic andesite. The middle zone lies on the southeast side of the Proterozoic gneiss zone, and its southeast margin is along Huangganliang, Wushijiazi, and Baitazi. It composed of dominatly calc-alkaline, high potassium calc-alkaline rocks, deep granite and extrusive rhyolite. The east zone, occurring along Kesheketong Qi-Balinyou Qi-Balinzuo Qi, is dominated of shoshonite. In generally, southeastward from the Proterozoic gneiss zone, the Mesozoic plutons show the zones-mica granitites zone, hornblende-mica granitite zone, mica-hornblende granitite zone; the volcanic rocks also display the zones of calc alkaline-high potassium calc alkaline and shoshonites. In the same space, the late Paleozoic plutons also display the same zonality, which zones are combined of binary granite, granodiorite, quartz diorite and diorite southeast wards from the gneiss. Meso-Jurassic Epoch granite plutons almost distribute in the middle zone on the whole. Whereas late Jurassic Epoch volcanic rocks distribute in the west and east zone. This distribution of the volcano-plutonic complexes reveals that the middle zone was uplifted more intensively then the other zones in Meso-Jurassic and late Jurassic Epoches. Whole rock Rb-Sr isochron ages of the high potassium calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the west zone, the calc-alkaline and high potassium calc-alkaline granite the middle zone, shoshonite in the east zone are 136Ma, 175Ma and 154Ma, respectively. The alkaline rocks close to the shoshonite zone is 143Ma and 126Ma. The isochron ages are comparable well with the K-Ar ages of the rocks obtained previously by other researchers. The compositions of Sr ans Nd isotopes suggest that the source of Mesozoic volcanic-plutonic complexes in Great Hinggan Mts. is mostly Paleo-Asia oceanic volcanic-sedimentary rocks, which probably was mixed by antiquated gneiss. The tectonic setting for Mesozoic magmatism was subductive continental margin. But this it was not directly formed by present west Pacific subduction. It actully was the re-working of the Paleozoic subduction system( which was formed during the Paleo-Asia ocean shortening) controlled by west Pacific subduction. For this reason, Although Great Hinggan Mts. is far away from west Pacific subduction zone, its volcanic arc still occurred echoing to the volcanic activities of east China, it, but the variation trend of potassium content in volcano-plutonic complexes of Great Hinggan is just reverse to ones of west Pacific. The primitive magmas occurred in the southern Great Hinggan Mts. Include high-potassium calc-alkaline basalt, high potassium calc-alkaline rhyolite, high potassium rhyolite, non-Eu negative anomaly trachy-rhyolite et al. Therefore, all of primitive magmas are either mafic or acid, and most of intermediate rocks occurring in the area are the products of Mesozoic acid magma contaminated by the Paleozoic volcanic- sedimentary rocks. The depth of those primitive magma sources and chambers gradually increase from northwest to southeast. This suggests that Paleozoic subduction still controlled the Mesozoic magmatism. In summary, the lithosphere tectonic system of the southern Great Hinggan Mts. controlling Mesozoic magmatism is a double overlapped layer system developing from Paleozoic subduction system. For this reason, the depth of crust of the southern Great Hinggan Mts. is thicker than that of its two sides, and consequently it causes regional negative gravity abnormity. The second part of this report shows the prolongation of the research work carried on in my doctor's period. Author presents new data about Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions and ages, geochamical features, genesis mineralogy and ore deposit geology of the volcanic rocks in Kunyang rift. On the base of the substantial work, author presents a prospect of copper bearing magnetite ore deposit. The most important conclusions are as follows: 1. It is proved that all of these carbonatites controlled by a ringing structure system in Wuding-Lufeng basin in the central Yunnan were formed in the Mesoproterozoic period. Two stages could be identified as follows: in the first stage, carbonatitic volcanic rocks, such as lavas(Sm-Nd, 1685Ma), basaltic porphyrite dykes(Sm-Nd, 1645Ma), pyroclastic rocks and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, formed in the outer ring; in the second stage, carbonatitic breccias and dykes(Rb-Sr, 1048 Ma) did in the middle ring. The metamorphic age of the carbonatitic lavas (Rb-Sr, 893 Ma) in the outer ring was determined. The magma of carbonatitic volcanic rocks derived mainly form enriched mantle whose basement is depleted mantle that had been metasomated by mantle fluid and contaminated by Archaean lower crust. Carbonatitic spheres were discovered in ore bearing layers in Lishi copper mining in Yimen recently, which formed in calcite carbonatitic magma extrusion. This discovery indicates that the formation of copper ore deposit genesis relates to carbonatitic volcanic activity. The iron and copper ore deposits occurring in carbonatitic volcanic- sedimentary rocks in Kunyang rift results from carbonatitic magmatism. Author calls this kind of ore deposits as subaqueous carbonatitic iron-copper deposit. The magnetic anomaly area in the north of Lishi copper mining in Yimen was a depression more lower than its circumference. Iron and copper ores occurrig on the margin of the magnetic anomaly are volcanic hydrothermal deposit. The magnetic body causing the magnetic anomaly must be magnetite ore. Because the anomaly area is wide, it can be sure that there is a large insidious ore deposit embedding there.

中强地震震源的破裂过程

With the large developments of the seismic sources theory, computing technologies and survey instruments, we can model and rebuild the rupture process of earthquakes more realistically. On which earthquake sources' properties and tectonic activities law are realized more clearly. The researches in this domain have been done in this paper as follows. Based on the generalized ray method, expressions for displacement on the surface of a half-space due to an arbitrary oriented shear and tensile dislocation are also obtained. Kinematically, fault-normal motion is equivalent to tensile faulting. There is some evidence that such motion occurs in many earthquakes. The expressions for static displacements on the surface of a layered half-space due to static point moment tensor source are given in terms of the generalized reflection and transmission coefficient matrix method. The validity and precision of the new method is illustrated by comparing the consistency of our results with the analytical solution given by Okada's code employing same point source and homogenous half-space model. The computed vertical ground displacement using the moment tensor solution of the Lanchang_Gengma earthquake displays considerable difference with that of a double couple component .The effect of a soft layer at the top of the homogenous half-space on a shallow normal-faulting earthquake is also analyzed. Our results show that more seismic information would be obtained utilizing seismic moment tensor source and layered half-space model. The rupture process of 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake investigated by using co-seismic surface displacement GPS observations and far field P-wave records. In according to the tectonic analysis and distributions of aftershock, we introduce a three-segment bending fault planes into our model. Both elastic half-space models and layered-earth models to invert the distribution of co-seismic slip along the Chi-Chi earthquake rupture. The results indicate that the shear slip model can not fit horizontal and vertical co-seismic displacements together, unless we add the fault-normal motion (tensile component) in inversions. And then, the Chi Chi earthquake rupture process was obtained by inversion using the seismograms and GPS observations. Fault normal motions determined by inversion, concentrate on the shallow northern bending fault from Fengyuan to Shuangji where the surface earthquake ruptures reveal more complexity and the developed flexural slip folding structures than the other portions of the rupture zone For understanding the perturbation of surface displacements caused by near-surface complex structures, We have taken a numeric test to synthesize and inverse the surface displacements for a pop-up structure that is composed of a main thrust and a back thrust. Our result indicates that the pop-up structure, the typical shallow complex rupture that occurred in the northern bending fault zone form Fengyuan to Shuangji, can be modeled better by a thrust fault added negative tensile component than by a simple thrust fault. We interpret the negative tensile distributions, that concentrate on the shallow northern bending fault from Fengyuan to Shuangji, as a the synthetic effect including the complexities of property and geometry of rupture. The earthquake rupture process also reveal the more spatial and temporal complexities form Fenyuan to SHuangji. According to the three-components teleseismic records, the S-wave velocity structure beneath the 59 teleseismic stations of Taiwan obtained by using the transform function method and the SA techniques. The integrated results, the 3D crustal structure of Taiwan reveal that the thickest part of crustal local in the western Central Range. This conclusion is consistent with the result form the Bouguer gravity anomaly. The orogenic evolution of Taiwan is young period, and the developing foot of Central Range dose not in static balancing. The crustal of Taiwan stays in the course of dynamic equilibrium. The rupture process of 2003)2,24,Jiashi, Xinjiang earthquake was estimated by the finite fault model using far field broadband P wave records of CDSN and IRIS. The results indicate that the earthquake focal is north dip trust fault including some left-lateral strike slip. The focal mechanism of this earthquake is different form that of earthquakes occurred in 1997 and 1998, but similar to that of 1996, Artux, Xinjiang earthquake. We interpreted that the earthquake caused trust fault due to the Tarim basin pushing northward and orogeny of Tianshan mountain. In the end, give a brief of future research subject: Building the Real Time Distribute System for rupture process of Large Earthquakes Based on Internet.

西南天山托云盆地白垩-新生代古地磁结果及其构造意义

Western China is regarded as an assemblage of blocks or microplates. The India/Asia postcollisional kinematics of these blocks has attracted many geologists to pay attentions, especially on the geodynamics and intracontinental deformation of Tibetan and adjoining parts of central Asia. So far there are still many debates on the amount of continental shortening and extrusion within Western China blocks. Paleomagnetism plays a very important role in the paleogeographic reconstruction and depiction of kinematics of the blocks, however the unequilibrium of paleomagentic data obtained from Western China prevents paleomagnetists from studying the kinematics and intracontinental deformation on the Tibetan plateau and the central Asia. Moreover, shallower inclinations observed in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic terrestrial red sediments in central Asia makes it difficult to precisely estimate the northward convergence of Tibetan plateau and its adjacent areas since the onset of the Indian/Asian collision. In this thesis, detailed rock magnetic, chronological and paleomagnetic studies have been carried out on the Tuoyun Basin in the southwestern Tianshan to discuss the possible continental shortening and tectonic movements since the Cretaceous-Tertiary. Ar-Ar geochronological study has been conducted on the upper and lower basalt series from the Tuoyun Basin, yielding that the lower and upper basalt series were extruded during 115-113 Ma and 61.8-56.9 Ma, respectively. Both the age spectrum and inverse isochron show that the samples from the upper and lower basalt series have experienced no significant thermal events since extrusion of the baslts. Rock magnetic studies including temperature dependence of magnetization and susceptibility during a heating-cooling cycle from temperature up to 600 ℃ suggest that the baslt samples from the lower and upper basalt series are ferromagnetically predominant of magnetite and a subordinate hematite with a few sites of titanomagnetite. The predominant magnetic mineral of the intercalated red beds is magnetite and hematite. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility shows that both the baslts and the intercalated red beds are unlikely to have undergone significant strain due to compaction or tectonic stress since formation of the rocks. The stable characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) isolated from the most samples of the upper and lower basalt series and intercalated red beds, passes fold test at the 99% confidence level. Together with the geochronological results, we interpret the characteristic component as a primary magnetization acquired in the formation of rocks. Some sites from both the upper and lower basalts yielded shallower inclinations than the reference field computed from the Eurasia APW, we prefer to argue that these shallow inclinations might be related to geomagnetic secular variation, whereas the shallow inclination in the intercalated red beds is likely to be related to detrital remanent magnetization. Paleomagnetic results from the early Cretaceous-Paleogene basalts indicate that no significant N-S convergence has taken place between the Tuoyun Basin and the south margin of Siberia. Furthermore, the Cretaceous and Tertiary paleomagnetic results suggest that the Tuoyun Basin was subjected to a local clockwise rotation of 20°-30° with respect to Eurasia since the Paleocene time, which is probably subsequent to the Cenozoic northward compression of the Pamir arc.

东营凹陷沙三中亚段湖相浊积岩储层特征及油气成藏规律研究

Turbidity sandstone reservoirs have been an important field of hydrocarbon exploration and development in the basins all over the world, as well as in China. Lithologic pools are composed of turbidity sandstones and other sandstones are frequently found in the Jiyang Depression that is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic non-marine oil-bearing basin. The Dongying Sag lies in the sedimentary center of the basin. The subtle traps with turbidity reservoirs are generally difficult to be predicted and described by using current techniques. The studies on turbidity reservoirs plays thus an important theoretical and theoretical practical role in exploration and development in the Jiyang Depression. The attention is, in this thesis, focused on the petrologic properties and oil accumulating behaviors in lake turbidity sedimentary systems in the middle part of the third section of Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag, especially in Dongxin area, which lies on the central uplift of the Sag. The paper has disclosed the origin types of turbidity sandstones, distribution pattern and controlling factors of turbidity sandstones, and set up hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of the middle part of the third section of Shahejie Formation in Dongxin, based on nonmarine high resolution sequence stratigraphy, event sedimentology and new theories of hydrocarbon forming. By studying prediction method and technology of turbidity sandstone reservoirs, using precise geological model developing, new techniques of high resolution seismic inversion constrained by logging, the paper has forecast low permeability turbidity sandstone reservoirs and pointed out advantage exploration aims to progressive exploration and development. The paper has obtained mainly many productions and acknowledges as follows: 1.Turbidity sandstone reservoirs of the third section of Shahejie Formationin Dongying Sag are formed in such specifical geological background as rift and extension of basin. The inherited Dongying delta and transgression make up many turbidity distribution areas by overlaying and joining together. The hydrocarbon migrates from depression area to adjacent turbidity sandstone continuously. Accumulation area which is sufficient in oil is formed. 2.The paper has confirmed distinguishable sign of sequence boundary , established stratigraphic framework of Dongying Sag and realized isotime stratigraphic correlation. Es3 of Dongying delta is divided into eleven stages. Among them, the second period of the lower section in Es3, the sixth period of the middle section in Es3, the third period of the upper section in Es3 correspond to eleven sedimentary isotime surface in seismic profile, namely Es3 is classified into eleven Formations. 3.According to such the features of turbidity sandstone as deep in burial, small in area, strong in subtle property, overlaying and joining together and occurring in groups, management through fault and space variations of restriction quantum are realized and the forecast precision of turbidity sandstone by using precise geological model developing, new techniques of high resolution seismic inversion constrained by logging, based on the analysis of all kinds of interwell seismic inversion techniques. 4.According to the features of low permeable turbidity sandstone reservoirs, new method of log interpretation model is put forward. At the same time, distinguish technology of familiar low resistivity oil layer in the turbidity sandstone reservoirs is studied based on petrophysical laboratory work and "four properties" interrelationship between lithological physical Jogging and bearing hydrocarbon properties. Log interpretation model and reservoir index interpretation model of low resistivity oil layer are set up. So the log interpretation precision is improved. 5.The evolution law and its difference of the turbidity sandstone are embodies as follows: the source of sediments come from the south and east of the study area in the middle period of Es3. East source of sediments is pushed from west to east. However, the south source supply of sediments in the early and middle period of Es3 is in full, especially in Es3. subsequently, the supply is decreased gradually. Turbidity fan moves back toward the south and the size of fan is minished accordingly. The characteristic of turbidity sandstone in Dongying Sag is different in different structural positions. Dongxin in the middle-east of the central lift and Niuzhuang Sag He in Dongying delta front and prodelta deep lake subfacies. Although the turbidity sandstone of the two areas root in the Dongying delta sedimentary system, the sand body has different remarkably characteristic. 6.The sedimentary model of the turbiditys in study area have three types as follows: (1) collapse turbidity fan in respect of delta; (2) fault trench turbidity fan; (3) other types of microturbidity sandstone. Middle fan and outer fan, can be found mainly in sublacustrine fan. Middle fan includes braided channel microfacies, central microfacies and braided interchannel microfacies, which is main prospecting oil-bearing subfacies. The middle section of the third section of Shahejie Formation in study area (for example the central lift) can be divided into middle-lower and upper part. The middle-lower part is characteristic of turbidity fan. The upper part is sedimented mainly by delta-collapse fan. 7.The turbidity reservoirs of the middle part of the third section of Shahejie Formation in study area characterize by low maturity both in component and texture, strong in diagenesis and low in permeability. The reservoir can be classified into four types. Type III is the body of reservoir and comprises two types of H a and HI b. M a belongs to middle porosity - low permeability reservoir and distributes in the central lift. Hlb belongs to low porosity - low permeability and distributes in Haojia region. 8.A11 single sand body of lens turbidity reservoir of the middle part of the third section of Shahejie Formation in study area are surrounded by thick dark source rocks. The oil-water system is complex and behaves that every sandstone is single seal unit. The water body is 1/3-1-5 of the sand body. The edge water is not active. The gas exists in the top of reservoir in the form of mixed gas. For far-range turbidity fan with big scale channel, the area and volume of sand body is large and the gap is big in oil packing degree. There are lots of edge water and bottom water, and the latter increases rapidly during the course of development. 9.By exerting the modern hydrocarbon forming theories, the third section of Shahejie Formation in study area belongs to abnormally pressured fluid compartment. The lithological reservoir of the third section of Shahejie Formation is formed in the compartment. The reservoir-formed dynamic system belongs to lower self-source enclosed type. The result and the practice indicate that the form and accumulation of lithological oil reservoirs are controlled by the temperature and pressure of stratum, microfacies, thickness of sand body, fault and reservoir heterogeneity. 10. Based on studies above, the emphases focus on in south and north part of Dongying structure, west Dongxin region and south part Xinzhen structure in the application of production. The practice proves that the turbidity sandstone reservoirs in Ying 11 block and the fault-lithological reservoirs in Xin 133 block have been obtained significant breakthrough. The next target is still sandstone groups of the third section of Shahejie Formation in the bordering areas of Dongxin region for instance Xin 149 area, He 89 area, Ying 8 area etc.

元谋地区晚新生代河湖相沉积物磁性地层学及古环境研究

Yuanmou area lies on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, the middlesegment of Yunnan-Sichuan North-South Extending Tectonic Belt and the upper reaches of the Yangztze River, which is renowned for its thick late Cenozoic fluvial-lacustrine sequences that yield rich mammalian fossils including hominoid and early human. The sediments provides great potentials for understanding the relationships between uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, evolution of hominoids and other mammalian and evolution and formation of basins in Southwest China since late Miocene. However, lithostratigrphic and chronologic views on them are controversial and hinder further discussion of the relationships of them. To this end, we selected the Baozidongqing section and the Dapoqing section to carry out systematic lithostratigraphic, magnetostratlgraphic and environmental magnetism researches in this area.The Baozidongqing section was dated to about 10.95-7.17 Ma. The age estimation of the topmost hominoid-bearing layer was about 7.43-7.17 Ma. Rock magnetic results show that the dominant magnetic carrier is hematite, with minor amount of magnetite. Both the composition and concentration of magnetic minerals strongly correlate with the lithostratigraphy, indicating that Yuanmou basin is characterized by alternating of long-term torrid-humid climate and short-term dry-hot climate. But the pattern of these short-term hot-dry events, including both the lasting time and the frequency of their occurrence dramatically changed since -8.1 Ma. Our results infer that the drying process of the Asian west interior and a significant uplift of the Tibetan Plateau would have probably caused jointly the extinction of hominoids, or the emigration of hominoids from Yuanmou to adjacent relatively torrid-humid areas.The strata between the upper of the Dapoqing section, the Niujianbao Hill and Shangnabang area can be linked by three mark layers of conglomerate, which is rather continuous and coherent than physical disturbance by new tectonic activities. Rock magnetic studies indicate that hematite is the main magnetic carriers. The section is dated back to about 2.8-1.37 Ma. Its paleocurrent flowed northeastward, which was a close and stagnant river and swamp environment about 2.2 Ma ago. Then it ran northwestward and turned into an open overflown and braid river sedimentary face during 2.2 to 1.57 Ma. Since 1.57 Ma, the paleocurrent flowed intensely northwestern and about 1.37 Ma ago, it ended the basically continuous fluvial-lacustrine deposition.

基于Arc Hydro Tools的流域特征自动提取——以贵州省内乌江流域为例

简要回顾和讨论了基于栅格数字高程模型(DEM)自动提取流域特征的原理和方法，介绍了一个新的基于ArcGIS开发的提取流域特征的工具Arc Hydro Tools，基于Arc Hydro Tools 提取流域特征包括5 个流程：DEM 的预处理、水流流向的确定、汇流栅格图的生成、河网的自动生成、子流域边界的划分。最后以贵州省内乌江流域为研究区进行了试验，试验结果表明：提取结果的精度在总体上是符合要求的，但在地势平坦区或人类活动干扰较大的地区，提取的结果与实际相差较大。从提取的效率和试验结果的精度两方面来看，基于Arc Hydro Tools 的流域特征自动提取是切实可行的。