Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study of the adsorption of phenanthraquinone accompanied by an electrochemical redox reaction on the Au electrode

In situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) have been employed to follow the adsorption/desorption processes of phenanthraquinone (PQ sat. in 0.1 mol l(-1) HClO4, solution) accompanied with an electrochemical redox reaction on the Au electrode. The result shows that: (1) the reduced form PQH(2) adsorbed at the Au electrode and the desorption occurred when PQH(2) was oxidized to PQ; (2) the adsorption process initiates at steps or kinks which provide high active sites on the electrode surface for adsorption, and as the potential shifts to negative, a multilayer of PQH(2) may be formed at the Au electrode; (3) the reduced PQH(2) adsorbed preferentially in the area where the tip had been scanned continually; this result suggests that the tip induction may accelerate the adsorption of PQH(2) on the Au(111) electrode. Two kinds of possible reason have been discussed; (4) high resolution STM images show the strong substrate lattice information and the weak monolayer adsorbate lattice information simultaneously. The PQH(2) molecules pack into a not perfectly ordered condensed physisorbed layer at potentials of 0.1 and 0.2 V with an average lattice constant a = 11.5 +/- 0.4 Angstrom, b = 11.5 +/- 0.4 Angstrom, and gamma = 120 +/- 2 degrees; the molecular lattice is rotated with respect to the substrate lattice by about 23 +/- 2 degrees. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

Improvements in the selectivity of electrochemical detectors for liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis using the self-assembled n-alkanethiol monolayer-modified au electrode

4-Aminophenol (4-AP), paracetamol (PRCT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) (all somewhat hydrophobic compounds) were HPLC electrochemically detected while the signals from uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) (both hydrophilic compounds at the pH studied) were minimized, taking advantage of the permselectivity of the self-assembled n-alkanethiol monolayer (C-10-SAM)-modified Au electrodes based on solute polarity, The effects of various factors, such as the chain length of the n-alkanethiol modifier, modifying time, and pH value, on the permeability of C-10-SAM coatings were examined, The calibration curves, linear response ranges, detection limits, and reproducibilities of the EC detector for 4-AP, PRCT, NE, and DA were obtained, The result shows that the EC detector can be applied in the chromatographic detection of 4-AP, PRCT, NE, and DA in urine, effectively removing the influence of UA and AA in high concentrations existing in biological samples. As a result, a great improvement in the selectivity of EC detectors has been achieved by using Au electrodes coated with neutral n-alkanethiol monolayer.

Theoretical study of interaction between atoms of Au, Ag, Cu and clean Si(111) surface

To evaluate the interactions between the atoms of An, Ag and Cu and clean Si(111) surface, two types of silicon clusters Si4H7 and Si16H20 together with their metal complexes were studied by using hybrid (U)B3LYP density functional theory method. Optimized geometries and energies on different adsorption sites indicate that: (1) the binding energies at different adsorption sites are large (ranging from similar to 1.2 to 2.6 eV depend on the metal atoms and adsorption sites), suggesting a strong interaction between metal atom and silicon surface; (2) the most favorable adsorption site is the on top (T) site. Mulliken population analysis indicated that in the system of on top (T) site, a covalent bond is formed between metal atom and dangling bond of surface Si atom. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

动力变形条件下Au迁移、富集的构造地球化学实验研究

对海南二甲金矿和广东河台金矿形成的动力学条件进行了一系列的构造地球化学模拟实验。结果表明,动力变形中发生了明显的力学2化学耦合作用。云母矿物变形强烈,塑性变形,定向拉长显著。黑云母发生了褪色作用,从褐色变成浅褐色甚至无色;白云母干涉色从鲜艳的蓝色变为黄色,甚至无色。随试验温度、压力条件的升高,岩石、矿物从脆性变形向塑性变形演变。动力变形还使岩石和矿物中的元素呈现化学迁移和富集作用:云母矿物中的杂质容量降低,导致铁质释放;硫化物矿物的反射率增高,成矿元素特别是Au 在其不同部位发生一定的变化。自然金颗粒在析出过程中,与Si 、Fe 分离而纯化。动力变形中成矿元素(特别是Au)的迁移、富集等效应是通过压溶作用实现。

冬瓜山层控夕卡岩型Cu-Au矿床的成矿流体地球化学

对冬瓜山层控夕卡岩型铜矿床的矿物流体包裹体进行了深入研究，结果显示，主成矿阶段流体的温度高达350℃～400℃。成矿流体是一种高温、高盐度、高密度的流体，其中的稀土元素具轻稀土富集，Eu呈显著异常、轻重稀土分异明显的特征。由于其特殊的成矿环境，流体的输运过程是一种近于等温的过程，成矿作用发生于偏酸性且较还原的条件下。成矿流体由岩浆源和地层共同提供，是一个典型多成矿物质、多成矿阶段、多控矿因素的层控夕卡岩型矿床。

扬子地块西南缘低温成矿域Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床区域分布上的共生分异及控制因素

扬子地块西南缘大面积低温成矿域的Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床，常出现共生分异的现象，在空间上形成Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床、矿带相伴出现而又相对独立的规律性分布。在详细研究Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床、矿带区域分布及其产出地质背景的基础上，从不同的角度，对制约Au、Sb、Hg、As矿床、矿带共生分异的因素进行了探讨。

湘西沃溪Au-Sb-W矿床中白钨矿Sm-Nd和石英Ar-Ar定年

利用白钨矿对金属矿床进行了Sm-Nd同位素定年. 研究结果表明, 湘西沃溪Au-Sb-W矿床中白钨矿的Sm, Nd含量较高, Sm/Nd值较大. 在147Sm/144Nd-143Nd/144Nd图解中, 浸染状白钨矿样品呈良好的线性分布, 其对应的等时线年龄为402±6 Ma, εNd(t)值为−30.7. 该矿两个石英样品的40Ar-39Ar年龄谱均呈“马鞍型”, 样品的最小视年龄、坪年龄和等时线年龄基本一致, 其最小视年龄(420±20和414±19 Ma)与白钨矿的Sm-Nd同位素数据相当吻合. 白钨矿的Sm-Nd年龄和石英Ar-Ar年龄均表明沃溪矿床形成于加里东晚期, 这与湖南雪峰山地区的构造演化和一些金锑钨矿床的同位素年代数据相吻合. 白钨矿的初始εNd值异常低, 远低于湖南元古宇地层的相应值, 成矿流体中的Nd很可能来自下伏的更老的陆壳基底. 对该矿成矿时间的厘定和对其成矿物源的制约为进一步认识其矿床成因奠定了基础.