368 resultados para heavy ion collisions


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

分析了从0.4至1.2GeV/u 的Ni+Ni和Pb+Pb重离子碰撞过程中的径向流,核穿透等动力学现象及其对碎片形成的影响,得出如下结果: 实验结果发现,从出射粒子的快度分布可以看出,越重的粒子产额越小,且较容易出现在弹靶核快度区域,并且系统越重越有利于碎片的形成。不同快度区间的出射粒子的平均质量数可以说明,碎片不仅来自于弹靶核的碎裂,同时“火球”区域的轻核子凝聚也是一重要来源,对于不同的系统和不同的入射能量,两者的贡献不同。在某一入射能量的某一碰撞系统,不同质量数的粒子的产额随质量数满足很好的指数下降的关系,其斜率随快度绝对值的变化与系统质量相关,……,说明重碎片可能来自弹靶核的碎裂,而随着系统质量的增加,“火球”区域的轻核子凝聚变得越来越重要。 根据冲击波模型假设的出射粒子的平均动能随粒子的质量数的线性变化关系,提取出径向流,发现径向流随入射能量的增高而增高,并且系统越重,径向流越明显。并且发现出射粒子的横向快度分布比纵向快度分布窄,说明碰撞过程中存在部分穿透,并且穿透对系统的大小和入射能量有很强的依赖关系,经“Vartl”定量的描述,发现随着入射能量升高系统的变轻,穿透现象越明显,并且发现径向流与核阻止有很明显的关联关系。 经过理论结果与实验结果的对比,可以发现例如径向流、核穿透等动力学因素对碎片的形成有很明显的影响。同时为提取核物质状态方程(EOS)提供了有用的数据

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本论文介绍了重离子耗散反应产物激发函数中能量结构研究的概况及相关的理论模型,描述了重离子耗散反应激发函数测量实验的基本技术和数据分析方法,并着重分析了19F+27Al耗散反应产物激发函数之间的关联特性。重离子耗散反应产物激发函数的涨落结构研究,是分析重离子耗散反应中各物理量随时间的演化过程的有效方法。本论文报道了实验室系110.25―118.75MeV 19F+27Al耗散反应产物激发函数测量的实验结果,通过对激发函数的涨落结构进行关联函数分析,结合有关理论模型,探讨了耗散反应产物激发函数的能量结构的物理本质。 19F+27Al耗散反应中,不同角度测量到的类弹产物的激发函数之间存在强烈的关联,当出射产物在质心系180±对称时,这种关联有一个极大值。以“时间―功率谱”方法分析数据,运用态叠加原理和宇称守恒在弹靶核组成的中间双核系统的演化过程中,可以合理地解释观测到的实验现象,阐述耗散反应中长程角度关联的物理本质。 19F+27Al耗散反应中,同一角度测量到的不同类弹产物的激发函数之间也存在着强烈的关联。这种关联随着耗散程度的加深而减弱,它与耗散反应的“弛豫”过程是一致的。耗散反应中的这种关联起源于弹靶核组成的中间双核系统中不同角动量之间的干涉以及中间双核系统极其缓慢的退相干过程

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本论文介绍了放射性核束物理研究的现状以及当前常用的几种同位旋相关的重离子微观输运理论,系统描述了非对称核物质的状态方程、中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应以及中子星的性质。基于 Hartree-Fock 理论和扩展的 Skyrme 相互作用,在核物质近似下得到了一个非相对论性的密度、温度和同位旋相关的核物质状态方程 (IEOS)。系统研究了核物质状态方程的同位旋效应。讨论了核子的平均场、核物质的不可压缩系数、核子的有效质量以及核物质临界温度的同位旋相关性,并且给出了核物质饱笔点处的饱和密度、不可压缩系数以及单核子结合能的抛物线规律。同时,探讨了对称能的温度和密度相关性,给出了零温度时对称能的解析表达式,并提出了对称能温度相关性的抛物线规律,发现对称能随着温度的升高而减小。另外,基于以上的同位旋相关的核物质状态方程,对 ALADIN's Caloric Curve 给出了一种静态解释。在传统量子分子动力学 (QMD) 模型的基础上,通过在相互作用平均场、两体碰撞、泡利阻塞、初始化以及碎片构造过程中适当地考虑同位旋自由度,得到了一个同位旋相关的 QMD 模型 (IQMD 模型)。利用IQMD模型系统研究了中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应。例如,中能重离子碰撞中同位旋自由度的弛豫、重离子碰撞中核子前平衡发射的同位旋效应、重离子碰撞中的集体流(包括直接流、转动流、挤出流和径向流)及其同位旋相关性、原子核多重碎裂的同位旋效应及其消失、重离子碰撞中的化学不稳定性以及中能重离子碰撞中如何选取事件的碰撞参数及其同位旋效应等。同样,在传统的 Boltzmann-Langevin 方程中适当地考虑同位旋自由度,得到了同位旋相关的Boltzmann-Langevin方程 (IBLE),利用IBLE研究了 ~(19)Na的产生截面。另外,利用IQMD模型探讨了多重碎裂的"neck" 机制以及重离子碰撞中局域势的有限程效应。基于前面给出的非相对论的核物质状态方程,系统研究了中子星的性质,如中子星的化学组份、质量、结合能、半径、密度剖面、转动惯量及表面红移等。结果表明,使用一些常用的 Skyrme 势参数能够给出与天文学观测相一致的结果。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本论文包括两部分内容,第一部分是关于中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应研究。第二部分是热原子核巨共振中有限力程研究。随着放射性次级核束的产生和利用,使得中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应研究成为核物理学的重要前沿课题。通过从稳定线到滴线附近大跨度同位旋范围内的重离子反应,使得人们可以提取核物质状态方程和介质中核子-核子碰撞同位旋旋相关截面的知识。我们将量子分子动力学(QMD)改造成为同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD),对中能重离子碰撞中同位旋效应进行了深入而系统地研究。在研究丰中子和缺中子系统的多重碎裂过程中,发现了多重碎裂过程的同位旋效应,例如缺中子系统的中等质量碎片多重性大于丰中子系统。这对于了解多重碎裂的机理有重要意义。在研究对同位旋相关的核物质状态方程(对称势)和介质中核子-核子碰撞截面灵敏的观测量过程中,发现前平衡发射中子-质子比在较宽能区内(E<150MeV/u)对同位旋相关的核物质状态方程灵敏,但对介质中同位旋相关的核子-核子碰撞截面不灵敏;而原子核阻止在中能区(费米能

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本论文主要包括两部分内容,一部分是关于中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应和同位旋非对称核物质状态方程,第二部分是改进的Glauber理论和晕核核结构的研究.利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型(IQ\MD)系统而仔细的研究了同位旋相关的平均场和介质中核子核子碰撞截面对中能重离子碰撞中碎裂和耗散的同位旋效应.研究在国际上首次发现原子核阻止,中等质量碎片多重性和质子(中子)发射数都敏感的依赖于介质中核子一核子碰撞截面的同位旋效应,而对于同位旋相关的平均场(又寸称势)很不灵敏.故这些物理量可以作为提取相对高能范围缺中子系统同位旋相关介质中核子一核子碰撞故面的灵敏探针.另一方而,与前三种物理观测量相反,研究发现在相对较低能区前平衡核子发射中质比和同位旋分馏强度灵敏的依赖于对称势,而对于同位旋相关介质中核子一核子碰撞截面很不灵敏,可以用来提取同位旋相关平均场的知识.在此基础上分别研究了动量相关作用,核介质效应和库仑作用分别对提取上述知识动力学过程的机理和影响,研究发现这三种动力学因素对中能重离子碰撞过程中的同位旋效应有重要影响.例如研究发现核子一核子碰撞的介质效应明显增加了中等质量碎片多重性和核子发射数对于核子一核子碰撞截面的灵敏性.库仑作用降低了同位旋分馏和原子核阻止.但不影响它们分别对平均场和两体碰撞同位旋效应的灵敏性.动量相关作用明显增加了各种物理观测量对于平均场或两体碰撞截面同位旋效应的灵敏性.以上的研究结果对建立同位旋非对称核物质状态方程具有重要的参考价值和学术意义.在考虑量子修正、库仑修正、核子一核子碰撞同位旋效应和假定有效原子核密度分布后将仅适用于计算高能核子对原子核反应总截面的Glouber理论推广到能适用于中低能情况下核一核反应的Glaube理论.研究发现在应用推广的Glauber理论计算中、低能核一核反应截面时,量子修正是重要的.利用修正了的Glauber理论,系统计算了从低能到较高能大量稳定线附近30个核一核反应总截面,在没有可调参数的情况下,都与实验结果较好地符合.在计算晕核与稳定核反应总截面时,发现对于"Be,"Be和" Li等入射晕核,必须考虑它们的晕核结构才能得到与实验符合的反应截面,并可依据反应总截面来提取晕核的密度分布和均方半径等信息,以此来判定晕核的存在。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

中能重离子碰撞中的核反应机制及其形成的高激发热核的性质是中能重离子物理研究的重要领域,而高激发热核性质的同位旋效应研究是这一领域的热点之一。选取了具有不同N亿比的反应体系以研究激发热核性质的同位旋效应。本论文涉及的反应系统三对共六个反应体系:55MeV/u~(40)Ar+~(58.64)Ni、30MeV/u~(40)Ar+~(112,124)Sn、35Mev/u~(36)Ar+~(112,124)Sn,这六个反应体系的N/z比分别为1.13,1.26、1.24,1.41、1.18,1.35。分别从带电粒子多重性、相对态布居核温度、关联函数等角度研究了这三对反应体系高激发热核性质的同位旋效应。在55MeV/u 40Ar+58,64Ni核反应中,用兰州4π带电粒子探测器阵列测量带电粒子多重性,研究了He和中等质量碎片的产额与反应系统的同位旋的关系,以及这种同位旋效应与反应系统的碰撞参数(即碰撞的激烈程度)、系统的激发能的变化关系。对两个反应系统,观察到带电粒子多重性中He的比分随带电粒子多重性的增加而增大,带电粒子多重性中IMF的比分随带电粒子多重性的增加而先增大,后减小的规律。两个反应系统虽然具有相同的核电荷数,但轻粒子He和中等质量碎片在多重性中的比分有明显的同位旋相关性。在30Mev/u40Sn、35MeV/u~(40)Ar~(112,124)Sn、35Mev/u 36Ar+112,124Sn反应中用13单元望远镜探测器阵列测量了小角关联粒子。由价a关联函数提取了30Mev/u 40Ar+112,12Sn反应系统中激发热核的态布居核温。对于不同同位旋反应系统舜UAr+112Sn和4VAr+124Sn,提取的相对杰布居核温度分别是4.18+0.28/0.21MEV和4.10士0.22/0.20MeV;考察态布居核温度和粒子能量的关薰时,观察到两个系统的发射温度均随着粒子能量的增加而降低,缺中子系统40Ar+l12Sn中由低能时的5.13士.30/0.26MEV降低到高能时的3.87士0.37/0.29MeV,丰中子系统40Ar+124Sn中由低能时的5.39士0.30/0.26MeV降低到高能时的3.32士MeV。讨论了这种布居态核温度的同位旋相关性。在35Mev/u 36Ar+112,124Sn反应中提取了洲F(3‘25)的约化速度关联函数。相对丰中子36Ar+124Sn系统的IMF关联函数在小约化速度处反关联程度更强,表明36Ai+124Sn系统的发射IMF的平均时间更短。用MENEKA程序提取了两个系统IMF的平均发射时间,36Ai+112sn反应中IMF的发射时间约为150fm/c,而36Ar十124Sn反应IME的发射时间稍短,约为120fm/c。以关联IMF的单核子总能量/动量为窗条件,发现低能IMF关联函数几乎没有差别,而高能IMF关联函数在小约化速度处的差别更为明显,表明两个系统IMF关联函数的同位旋效应可能来自于IMF的早期发射。为了得到进一步的信息,我们提取了高动量窗条件下的IMF发射时间,它们比平均发射时间短,36Ar+112Sn反应中高能IMF的发射时间约为100蒯c,而36Ai+124Sn反应中IMF的发射时间则更短,约为50fm/c。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

相对于非对称核物质状态方程,对称核物质的状态方程己基本确定。然而不同的微观·唯象多体方法对非对称核物质状态方程(尤其是对称能)的预言很不一致。利用动量相关的标量势与矢量势(对称势)及介质修正的核子一核子散射截面,在工Buuo4输运模型框架下我们对重粒子碰撞产生的丰中子核物质的状态方程进行了研究。我们发现在低密情况下对称能E32(p/po),核物质同位旋依赖部分的等压不可压缩系数为K-55OMeF时能够较好地再现NSCL/MSU实验数据。在高密情况下π~-/π~+谱的横动量与动能分布,π~-谱的动能分布,π-的多重数,中快度前平衡核子发射的中一质比,中快度前平衡核子发射的同位旋非对称度,发射核子的中一质微分流,中一质微分椭圆流以及质子椭圆流是对对称能敏感的几个探针。其中对对称能最理想的探针是π-/π+谱的横动量与动能分布、中快度前平衡核子发射的同位旋非对称度以及发射核子的中一质微分流。利用这些对对称能敏感的观测量,通过与实验数据的对照我们就可以得出关于对称能的高密行为的重要信息。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Small-angle multiple intrabeam scattering (IBS) is an important effect for heavy-ion storage rings with electron cooling, because the cooling time is determined by the equilibrium between cooling and IBS process. All usually used numerical algorithms of IBS growth rate calculations are based on the model of the collisions proposed by A.Piwinski, but this result is a multidimensional integral. In this paper, the IBS growth rates are simulated for HIRFL-CSR using symmetric elliptic integral method, and compared with several available IBS code results.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The cooling storage ring, to be built at Lanzhou, will be able to deliver heavy ion beams up to uranium up to 0.52 GeV/u. It is expected to make considerable contribution to nuclear EOS study in the high net baryon-density region. With a relativistic transport model, we performed simulations for U+U collisions with different orientations. It is shown that by combining the forward neutron multiplicity and an event-wise elliptic flow selection, it is possible to identify the tip - tip and body - body head-on collisions. The effective identification of these two extreme configurations will allow us to study the EOS at the highest baryon density in the U+U collisions.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work a study of damage production in gallium nitride via elastic collision process (nuclear energy deposition) and inelastic collision process (electronic energy deposition) using various heavy ions is presented. Ordinary low-energy heavy ions (Fe+ and Mo+ ions of 110 keV), swift heavy ions (Pb-208(27+) ions of 1.1 MeV/u) and slow highly-charged heavy ions (Xen+ ions of 180 keV) were employed in the irradiation. Damage accumulation in the GaN crystal films as a function of ion fluence and temperature was studied with RBS-channeling technique, Raman scattering technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For ordinary low-energy heavy ion irradiation, the temperature dependence of damage production is moderate up to about 413 K resulting in amorphization of the damaged layer. Enhanced dynamic annealing of defects dominates at higher temperatures. Correlation of amorphization with material decomposition and nitrogen bubble formation was found. In the irradiation of swift heavy ions, rapid damage accumulation and efficient erosion of the irradiated layer occur at a rather low value of electronic energy deposition (about 1.3 keV/nm(3)),. which also varies with irradiation temperature. In the irradiation of slow highly-charged heavy ions (SHCI), enhanced amorphization and surface erosion due to potential energy deposition of SHCI was found. It is indicated that damage production in GaN is remarkably more sensitive to electronic energy loss via excitation and ionization than to nuclear energy loss via elastic collisions.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

There has been increasing demand to provide higher beam intensity and high enough beam energy for heavy ion accelerator and some other applications, which has driven electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source to produce higher charge state ions with higher beam intensity. One of development trends for highly charged ECR ion source is to build new generation ECR sources by utilization of superconducting magnet technology. SECRAL (superconducting ECR ion source with advanced design in Lanzhou) was successfully built to produce intense beams of highly charged ion for Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The ion source has been optimized to be operated at 28 GHz for its maximum performance. The superconducting magnet confinement configuration of the ion source consists of three axial solenoid coils and six sextupole coils with a cold iron structure as field booster and clamping. An innovative design of SECRAL is that the three axial solenoid coils are located inside of the sextupole bore in order to reduce the interaction forces between the sextupole coils and the solenoid coils. For 28 GHz operation, the magnet assembly can produce peak mirror fields on axis of 3.6 T at injection, 2.2 T at extraction, and a radial sextupole field of 2.0 T at plasma chamber wall. During the commissioning phase at 18 GHz with a stainless steel chamber, tests with various gases and some metals have been conducted with microwave power less than 3.5 kW by two 18 GHz rf generators. It demonstrates the performance is very promising. Some record ion beam intensities have been produced, for instance, 810 e mu A of O7+, 505 e mu A of Xe20+ 306 e mu A of Xe27+, and so on. The effect of the magnetic field configuration on the ion source performance has been studied experimentally. SECRAL has been put into operation to provide highly charged ion beams for HIRFL facility since May 2007.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

We report new results on identified (anti) proton and charged pion spectra at large transverse momenta (3 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c) from Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This study explores the system size dependence of two novel features observed at RHIC with heavy ions: the hadron suppression at high-p(T) and the anomalous baryon to meson enhancement at intermediate transverse momenta. Both phenomena could be attributed to the creation of a new form of QCD matter. The results presented here bridge the system size gap between the available pp and Au + Au data, and allow for a detailed exploration of the onset of the novel features. Comparative analysis of all available 200 GeV data indicates that the system size is a major factor determining both the magnitude of the hadron spectra suppression at large transverse momenta and the relative baryon to meson enhancement.

Relevância:

90.00% 90.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The interaction of a circularly polarized laser pulse with a mixed solid target containing two species of ions is studied by particle in cell simulations and analytical model. After the interaction tends to be stable, it is demonstrated that the acceleration is more efficient for the heavier ions than that in plasmas containing a single kind of heavy ion and the acceleration efficiency is higher when its proportion is lower. To obtain monoenergetic heavy-ion beams, a sandwich target with a thin mixed ion layer between two light ion layers and a microstructured target are proposed. The influences of parameters of the laser pulse and target on ion acceleration are discussed in detail. It is found that, when the target is thick enough, a cold target is more appropriate for heavy-ion acceleration than a warm target, and the velocity of the reflected heavy ions is proportional to the laser amplitude.

Relevância:

90.00% 90.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Up to now, clinical trials of heavy-ion radiotherapy for superficially placed tumors have been carried out for six times and over 60 selected patients have been treated with 80—100 MeV/u carbon ions supplied by the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences since November, 2006. A passive irradiation system and a dose optimization method for radiotherapy with carbon-ion beams have been developed. Experimental verification of longitudinally ...