A study of carbon deposition on catalysts during the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas in a fluidized bed

The deposition of carbon on catalysts during the partial oxidation of methane to syngas has been investigated in a fluidized bed. It was found that the relative rate of carbon deposition follows the order NiP > >d > Pt, Rh. Although the rate of carbon deposition in the fluidized bed was much lower than that in the fixed bed, carbon deposition could still be detected in the fluidized bed if a CH4/O-2 ratio in greater than 2.3 was used.

Enhanced activity of an In-Fe2O3/H-ZSM-5 catalyst for NO reduction with methane

Selective reduction of NO by CH4 on an In-Fe2O3/H-ZSM-5 catalyst was investigated in the presence of excess oxygen. Compared with In/H-ZSM-5, the In-Fe2O3/H-ZSM-5 catalyst with high Fe2O3 contents showed higher activity in a wide range of reaction temperatures. It was found that the addition of Fe2O3 yielded a promotion effect on CH4 activation. The influence of water vapor on NO conversion was also investigated. The activity of the In/H-ZSM-5 catalyst has been found to be strongly inhibited by water vapor, while the In-Fe2O3/H-ZSM-5 catalyst remained fairly active in the presence of 3.3% steam. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The chemical nature of carbonaceous deposits and their role in methane dehydro-aromatization on Mo/MCM-22 catalysts

Various carbonaceous deposits are formed during the course of methane dehydro-aromatization (MDA) under non-oxidative conditions on Mo/MCM-22 catalysts. These carbon species were investigated by various temperature-programmed techniques such as TPH and TPCO2, combining with TPO and TGA results in order to reveal their chemical nature and determine their amounts. The TPO profiles recorded from coked Mo/MCM-22 catalysts show two temperature peaks: one at about 756 K and the other at about 876 K. The coke amounts related to these two peaks were determined on the basis of the corresponding corrected and deconvoluted TPO profiles, combining with the TGA profiles concerned.

Effect of pore ring number of zeolites on catalytic performance of Mo/Zeolite in methane aromatization under non-oxygen condition

The catalytic behavior of Mo-based zeolite catalysts with different pore structure and size, particularly with 8 membered ring ( M R), 10 M R, coexisted 10 and 12 M R, and 12 M R, was studied in methane aromatization under the conditions of SV=1500 ml/(g.h), p=0.1 MPa and T = 973 K. It was found that the catalytic performance is correlated with the pore structure of the zeolite supports. The zeolites that possess 10 MR or 10 and 12 MR pore structure with a pore diameter equal to or slightly larger than the dynamic diameter of benzene molecule, such as ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZRP-1 and MCM-22, are fine supports. Among the tested zeolite supports, MCM-22 exhibits the highest activity and selectivity for benzene. A methane conversion of 10.5% with benzene selectivity of 80% was achieved over Mo/MCM-22 catalyst. The Mo/ERS-7 catalyst with 8 MR (0.45 nm) does not show any activity in methane dehydro-aromatization, while Mo/JQX-1 and Mo/SBA-15 catalysts with 12 MR pore exhibit little activity in the reaction. It can be concluded that the zeolites with 10 MR pore or coexisted 10 and 12 MR, having pore size equal to or slightly larger than the dynamic diameter of benzene molecule, are fine supports for methane activation and aromatization.

On the selectively catalytic reduction of NOx with methane over Ag-ZSM-5 catalysts

The catalytic performance of silver-modified ZSM-5 catalysts in the selectively catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with methane was investigated. NO was selectively reduced by CH4 to N-2 in the presence of excess O-2, and the catalytic activity depended on both the activation of CH4 and the adsorption properties of NOx. Silver incorporated in ZSM-5 zeolite activated CH4 at low temperatures and lowered the "light-off" temperature for the CH4-SCR of NOx. Temperature-programmed (TP) spectroscopy studies depicted that surface nitrosyl species directly decomposed to N-2 in the absence of O-2. CH4 could not effectively reduce surface nitrosyl species, but might facilitate the direct decomposition of NO through the removal of surface oxygen. Surface nitrates were formed in NO and O-2 coexisting system and could be effectively reduced by CR4 to nitrogen. The priority of surface nitrates to O-2 in the reaction with CH4 clearly demonstrated that CH4 selectively and preferentially reduced the surface nitrate species to N-2 in the excess of oxygen. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.