218 resultados para Lc-ms


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Ferritin, the iron storage protein, plays a key role in iron metabolism. A cDNA encoding ferritin (FcFer) was cloned from hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The predicted protein contains 170 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight (MW) about 19, 422.89 Da and theoretical isoelectric point (PI) of 4.73. Amino acid alignment of FcFer revealed 97% homology with Litopenaeus vannamei ferritin. Results of the RT-PCR showed that the expression of FcFer mRNA was up-regulated after shrimp was challenged with either white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or heavy metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+) in the laboratory. A fusion protein containing FcFer was produced and the purified recombinant protein exhibited similar function of iron uptake in vitro. The result of in-gel digestion and identification using LC-ESI-MS showed that two peptide fragments (-DDVALPGFAK- and -LLEDEYLEEQVDS1KK-) of the recombinant protein were identical to the corresponding sequence of L. vannamei ferritin. The recombinant FcFer protein will be proved useful for study on the structure and function of ferritin in F chinensis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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An off-line chelation system combined with ICP-MS technique was developed for the quantitative determination of trace elements in seawater, namely V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb, U and rare earth elements(REEs). The system was built based on an ion chromatography equipped with MetPac((R)) CC-I chelation columns which had a strong selective chelation to these target elements within a pH range 5.2-5.6. Acidified seawater samples and NH4Ac(2 mol/L) were blended to meet suitable pH before being injected into the chelation column, thus target elements were retained while alkali and alkaline metals were excluded. Then chelated elements were eluted by HNO3 (1 mol/L) and samples were collected for ICP-MS analysis. Varying the ratio of input( gen. 200 mL) to output( gen. 5 mL), the target elements which were concentrated as 40 times as their concentrations were far beyond instrumental quantification limits. At last, a certificated seawater CASS-4 was introduced and our detected values were in good agreement with those certified values.

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使用膨化柱和离子交换或羟基磷灰石柱层析相结合的方法,分别从多管藻、坛紫菜及钝顶螺旋藻中分离纯化了R-藻红蛋白溶液和C-藻蓝蛋白。光谱检测及电泳分析结果证明完全符合经典的藻胆蛋白纯度标准。彭化床最突出的优点是克服了常规分离方法堵塞色谱柱的难题,纯化速度快、产量高、不需要常规色谱方法所要求的填料的平衡及粗提液的预处理,仅需一步操作就可以得到满足一般食品添加剂纯度要求的藻胆蛋白,极大地简化了后续的纯化程序,减少了分离纯化的步骤和时间,而其产率及纯度均高于常规的藻胆蛋白分离方法。这同时也降低了藻胆蛋白分离纯化的成本。 本文通过戊二醛或环氧氯丙烷交联的方法,合成了四种壳聚糖-氨基酸共聚小球。并选取吸附性好的戊二醛交联孔球和戊二醛交联微球系统测定了其对R-藻红蛋白和C-藻蓝蛋白的吸附和缓释性能。 纯化了藓羽藻中与其细胞器团聚密切相关的一种凝集素并进行了部分性质的鉴定。N端前15个氨基酸序列及LC-ESI-MS质谱分析结果证明此凝集素属于一种新的蛋白质族。实验证明,凝血活性与细胞器团聚活性并不完全依赖于此凝集素分子相同的结构域。 通过异双功能试剂SPDP处理藓羽藻凝集素使之衍生化,DTT处理R-PE在其分子内引入外源巯基,然后将活化的R-藻红蛋白与凝集素进行交联反应。交联产物经凝胶过滤纯化并检测,但电泳及荧光显微镜检测结果并不能证明交联探针的成功制备。

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卤虫(Artemia)是一种广温、耐高盐的小型甲壳动物,广泛分布于内陆盐湖和沿海盐田中。卤虫的无节幼体作为重要的蛋白优质饵料,被广泛的应用于水产养殖生产。卤虫具有特殊的生物学特性,是研究甲壳动物胚胎发育的良好的实验材料,同时也是一种研究动物抗逆机制的模式动物。卤虫有卵生和卵胎生两种繁殖后代的方式,当环境条件适宜时,卤虫倾向于采取卵胎生方式,即直接产生无节幼体;而在恶劣的环境条件下,卵生方式占主要地位,产生处于滞育状态的、具有复杂外壳的休眠卵。卤虫的滞育卵具有独特的生物学特性和特殊的生理生化特点。其发育停滞,细胞分裂停止,酶活力下降,代谢活动受到抑制并可耐受各种极端恶劣环境,如缺氧、低温、紫外线、干燥等。即使在最适的环境中滞育卵的孵化率也很低,只有受到某些特定的非生物信号的刺激才自能终止这种滞育状态,恢复生理代谢;当环境条件适宜时,能够继续发育孵化成无节幼体。因此,卤虫的滞育卵在卤虫的整个生活史中占有重要的地位。另一方面,卤虫是极端环境生物,能够抵抗各种恶劣环境胁迫刺激,因此是研究抗逆机理的良好的实验动物。 本论文利用蛋白质组学技术,研究了卤虫滞育卵及滞育卵发育过程中的蛋白质组表达情况,并研究了卤虫幼体在重金属刺激后蛋白表达的变化情况。得到如下结果: 建立了中华卤虫滞育卵可溶性总蛋白的双向凝胶电泳对照图谱。在pH 4–7、分子量10-100 kDa范围内,检测到约 233个蛋白点,并利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-ESI-MS/MS)技术鉴定了其中的48个丰度较大及感兴趣的蛋白点,根据这些蛋白的生物学功能进行分类,功能类别包括细胞防御蛋白、抗氧化蛋白、细胞骨架蛋白、代谢相关蛋白等。在卤虫滞育卵中共分离鉴定到6个分子量和等电点存在差异的小热休克蛋白p26的异构体,生物信息学分析表明该蛋白有三种不同的功能位点,分别是蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,Casein 激酶II磷酸化位点及 N-myristoylation 位点。 采用低温脱水的方法对滞育卵进行激活刺激,并对活化卵和滞育卵蛋白表达图谱进行了对比分析。结果表明对卤虫滞育卵的激活刺激引起了其蛋白表达的明显变化。活化卵图谱中蛋白点总数比滞育卵中明显增多,特别是在pI<5.5范围内。约70个蛋白点在激活刺激后上调表达,包括部分只在激活卵中表达的蛋白;25个下调表达,包括部分只在滞育卵中表达的蛋白;其余约60%(占滞育卵蛋白点数目百分比)的蛋白点表达量基本恒定。热休克蛋白家族、抗氧化蛋白家族成员等蛋白变化明显,小热休克蛋白p26、小热休克蛋白ArHsp21蛋白以及过氧化物还原酶异构体在激活卵中特异表达。 活化卵孵化过程中不同发育时期的蛋白表达又呈现出不同的特点,分别在孵化后6h、12h、18h和24h的蛋白质组学图谱上检测到267、285、195和210个蛋白点。孵化后6h和12h休眠卵蛋白表达个数相对较多,与胚胎发育过程中的器官发生和剧烈的形态变化相适应;孵化后18h和24h休眠卵蛋白表达明显下降,部分蛋白的表达关闭,部分蛋白开始富集表达。 利用双向凝胶电泳技术分析了中华卤虫幼体受到急性硫酸铜刺激后的蛋白表达变化情况。通过图谱对比分析,检测到了5mM硫酸铜刺激24h后,卤虫幼体中14个差异表达的蛋白点。利用LC-ESI-MS/MS技术鉴定了其中的7个蛋白,其中3个蛋白上调表达,分别是热休克蛋白70(7.5倍), 肌动蛋白(2.3倍)和伴侣分子亚基1(3.0倍)。3个蛋白下调表达,分别是:精氨酸激酶(2.8倍), 延伸因子2 (2.0倍) 和富含甘氨酸蛋白(2.0倍)。硫酸铜刺激后特异表达的一个蛋白被鉴定为过氧化物还原酶(Peroxiredoxin,Prx)。根据质谱检测提供的蛋白肽段信息和其他生物过氧化物还原酶保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,结合RACE技术,从中华卤虫幼体中克隆到了过氧化物还原酶基因,该基因的cDNA全长为756个碱基,其中开放阅读框为594个碱基,编码198个氨基酸,其蛋白理论分子量为22.0 kDa,理论等电点为6.98。多序列比对结果显示中华卤虫Prx基因的推导氨基酸序列与美国卤虫和中国对虾的同源性高达98%和94%。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,硫酸铜刺激后,该基因在卤虫无节幼体中的转录水平明显升高,在24h达到正常水平的3.0倍。

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有机锡化合物被广泛用作塑料制品中的稳定剂、船舶油漆的防污剂、工业催化剂、农林业杀虫杀菌剂以及用于木材的防腐保存等,已经引起严重的环境污染。世界上许多国家纷纷制定相应的法规对其使用加以禁止或限制。我国目前还没有明确的限制有机锡使用的法律法规,缺少有机锡污染的第一手资料,更没有长期的控制、监测与研究计划。由于有机锡的种类繁多,理化性质存在差别,所以在提取、分离和测定中均存在较大的困难。从我国这方面己有的工作来看,缺乏各种高选择性的分离方法和高灵敏度的检测方法是制约这项研究广泛开展的原因之一。有机锡的痕量与超痕量分析技术是当今环境和食品安全分析领域的前沿技术。 本论文利用高效液相色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术建立了海洋环境中多种有机化合物的同时快速检测方法;发展了多种海洋环境样品中有机锡的前处理技术;研究了有机锡在海洋生物中的分布、代谢及降解过程中化学形态的变化;同时发展了海洋环境中多种痕量元素的快速检测方法。所建立的高效液相色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术可同时、快速分析5种有机锡的形态(三甲基锡TMT、二苯基锡DPhT、二丁基锡DBT、三丁基锡TBT和三苯基锡TPhT),其检出限均低于0.3μg/L。 用所建立方法对南海海洋生物样品中的有机锡污染进行了研究,利用SPSS软件对检测结果进行了探讨,发现在所研究海洋生物样品的97.2%中可检出丁基锡和苯基锡化合物,其浓度分布处于该化合物检出限~1487.8ng/g范围内。其中,贝类样品中总有机锡的平均浓度为416.9ng/g,远远高于鱼类样品中总有机锡的平均浓度(211.9ng/g)。海洋生物中存在高浓度的有机锡说明本海域有机锡污染严重,已经对生态环境造成了严重影响,危害到人类生活。其主要的污染源是防污涂料的应用,目前紧迫的问题是采取必要的措施来控制有机锡的使用。 本工作建立了海水样品和沉积物样品中五种有机锡的简单快速萃取方法。采用加入2%的环庚三烯酚(tropolone)的二氯甲烷CH2Cl2对海水中的有机锡进行萃取,大大提高了有机锡的萃取率,减少了萃取的时间,二苯基锡(DPhT)、二丁基锡(DBT)、三丁基锡(TBT)和三苯基锡(TPhT)的萃取率均在80%以上,仅三甲基锡(TMT)的萃取率较低(在50%左右),究其原因,可能是因为在萃取的过程中三甲基锡(TMT)产生了降解。采用流动相和0.2%环庚三烯酚酮(tropolone)对沉积物国际标准物质PACS-2进行超声萃取及高速离心后,用所建方法进行了分析。结果表明,测定值与标准值吻合。研究表明,所建立的方法可用于实际环境沉积物中有机锡的形态分析。 本文建立了流动注射与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术直接同时测定海水中多种痕量元素的方法。该方法采用痕量进样技术,能够有效地减少海水中Na,Mg, Ca和Cl等大量基体元素对待测痕量元素测定的干扰,减少这些元素在电感耦合等离子体采样锥上的盐沉积,可以同时测量海水中的V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Cd、Pb,Hg和U等痕量级元素。用所建的方法测定南海海域海水中的重金属元素,发现Cd,Cr,As等有毒有害元素的污染很轻,均符合Ⅰ级海水的限量。 在海洋沉积物样品处理研究中,本工作改进了不需要赶走HF酸就可以对沉积物消解完全的密闭容器消解法,由于减少了赶走HF酸的步骤,使消解的时间由原来的二十个小时降低为十个小时,大大降低了消解的时间。采用该样品消解方法,并用ICP-MS测定了南黄海海域沉积物中锡及其他重金属元素的含量。建立了微波消解-ICP-MS测定海洋生物中锡、砷、镉、汞及铅等有害重金属元素的分析方法,并用于南黄海7个及南海海域29个海产品中的测定。测定结果表明海洋生物中上述有毒有害元素有不同程度的超标问题;不同种类,不同产地的海洋生物中重金属元素的含量有一定的差别,这些研究结果为海产品安全质量控制提供了有价值的科学信息。 在上述各章工作的基础上,本文研究了有机锡在海洋生物中的分布、代谢及降解过程,并初步建立了高效液相-电喷雾-飞行时间质谱(LC-APCI-TOF-MS)测定有机锡的方法,可对未知的有机锡化合物进行结构表征。有机锡在贝类中不同的组织显示,其内脏中有机锡的含量高于肌肉中有机锡含量。常规的煮、炸、蒸及微波的烹饪方式并不能降解海产品中的有机锡化合物。

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[目的]基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法测定藏木香栽培品种挥发油的化学成分。[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法从藏木香栽培品种中提取挥发油,并用GC-MS联用仪对其挥发油的化学成分进行研究。[结果]分离并确认了37种成分,其主要成分是桉叶油二烯5,11(13)-内酯-8,12,异-榄香烯,异-喇叭烯,桉叶油二烯4,11(13)-内酯-8,12。[结论]分析获得的主要化学成分及其功效为藏木香这一天然药用植物资源的人工规范化栽培和进一步综合开发利用提供了科学依据。

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目的:分析治疗胃病常用的藏成药帕朱胶囊(寒水石,诃子,石榴子,胡椒,荜拔等)的主要化学成分。方法:采用超临界CO_2萃取方法提取帕朱胶囊的可溶性成分,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法对提取部位进行化学成分分析,峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果:共分离鉴定了22种化合物,主要成分含量为胡椒碱44.2%、亚油酸21.1%、甲基-甲撑基奥-异丙烯内酯10.5%、棕榈酸4.8%和γ-羟基-榄香烯酸内酯3.5%等。结论:藏药帕朱胶囊的主要化学成分为胡椒碱和亚油酸,两者含量共占全部提取物的65.3%

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目的:用新方法提取藏药材石榴籽油,并对其进行化学成分分析,为石榴籽的药理研究和应用提供实验依据。方法:采用超临界CO_2萃取方法提取石榴籽的可溶性成分,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法对提取部位进行化学成分分析,峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果:共分离鉴定了10种化合物,主要成分含量为亚油酸40.0%、油酸22.7%、棕榈酸17.5%、硬脂酸9.0%及共轭亚油酸5.7%。结论:藏药材石榴籽的主要化学成分为亚油酸和油酸,两者含量共占全部提取物的62.7%。

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蕨麻,藏医谓之卓老沙曾,原植物为蔷薇科委陵菜属鹅绒委陵菜Potentilla anserine L.,为多年生草本.在高海拔地区蕨麻根的中下部形成块根,在温暖低平地区不形成膨大的块根[1].蕨麻全草入药,收敛止血,止咳利痰,治各种出血及下痢.块根入药,有健脾益胃、生津止渴、益气补血功效;治脾虚、腹泻、产后贫血、营养不良等症[2].

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利用荧光衍生试剂1,2-苯并-3,4-二氢咔唑-9-乙基对甲苯磺酸酯(BDETS)作为脂肪酸柱前衍生化试剂,采用梯度洗脱在Eclipse XDB-C_8色谱柱上对游离脂肪酸(FFA)(油酸、亚油酸、软脂酸和硬脂酸)衍生物进行分离.利用柱后在线的串联质谱以大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式实现了各组分的质谱定性.荧光检测的激发和发射波长分别为λ_(ex)=333 nm,λ_(em)=390 nm.脂肪酸的线性回归系数大于0.9990,检出限为3.38~6.59 nmol/L.建立的方法具有良好的重现性.利用此方法对超临界CO_2提取的唐古特白刺籽油中几种游离脂肪酸进行了分析.结果表明白刺籽油中含有大量的游离不饱和脂肪酸.

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目的 分析全缘叶绿绒蒿、五脉绿绒蒿和多刺绿绒蒿挥发油的化学成分.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法获得挥发油,经GC-MS技术结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组峰的相对含量.结果 从全缘叶绿绒蒿、五脉绿绒蒿和多刺绿绒蒿的挥发油中分别鉴定了25,42和53个化合物,占其各自总量的80.76%,73.34%和76.10%.结论 3种绿绒蒿挥发油化学成分存在一定程度的差异,但其主要成分都为酯类物质

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利用超临界CO_2萃取唐古特白刺籽油,并对籽油进行了GC/MS分析。实验确定的最佳超临界CO_2流体萃取条件是:萃取温度45℃,萃取压力20 MPa,CO_2流量为35-40 kg/h,萃取时间120min,在此条件下白刺籽油的萃取率为15.11%。利用GC/MS对白刺籽油分析,发现其不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量高达93.37%。比较了超临界CO_2萃取白刺籽油油样和石油醚萃取白刺籽油油样的理化性质,发现超临界CO_2流体萃取的籽油质量优于传统溶剂萃取的籽油。

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2-(2-Phenyl-1H-phenanthro-[9,10-d]imidazole-1-yl)-acetic acid (PPIA) and 2-(9-acridone)-acetic acid (AAA), two novel precolumn fluorescent derivatization reagents, have been developed and compared for analysis of primary aromatic amines by high performance liquid chromatographic fluorescence detection coupled with online mass spectrometric identification. PPIA and AAA react rapidly and smoothly with the aromatic amines on the basis of a condensation reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) as dehydrating catalyst to form stable derivatives with emission wavelengths at 380 and 440 nm, respectively. Taking six primary aromatic amines (aniline, 2-methylaniline, 2-methoxyaniline, 4-methylaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and 4-bromoaniline) as testing compounds, derivatization conditions such as coupling reagent, basic catalyst, reaction temperature and time, reaction solvent, and fluorescent labeling reagent concentration have also been investigated. With the better PPIA method, chromatographic separation of derivatized aromatic amines exhibited a good baseline resolution on an RP column. At the same time, by online mass spectrometric identification with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source in positive ion mode, the PPIA-labeled derivatives were characterized by easy-to-interpret mass spectra due to the prominent protonated molecular ion m/z [M + H](+) and specific fragment ions (MS/MS) m/z 335 and 295. The linear range is 24.41 fmol-200.0 pmol with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.9996-0.9999, and detection limits of PPIA-labeled aromatic amines are 0.12-0.21 nmol/L (S/N = 3). Method repeatability, precision, and recovery were evaluated and the results were excellent for the efficient HPLC analysis. The most important argument, however, was the high sensitivity and ease-of-handling of the PPIA method. Preliminary experiments with wastewater samples collected from the waterspout of a paper mill and its nearby soil where pollution with aromatic amines may be expected show that the method is highly validated with little interference in the chromatogram.

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A method for the determination of long and short chain free fatty acids (FFAs), using 1-[2-(ptoluenesulfonate)-ethyll-2-phenylimidazole-[4,5-f-9,10-phenanthrene (TSPP) as labeling reagent, has been developed. Identification of FFA derivatives was carried out by HPLC-MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in positive ion mode. Gradient elution on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C-8 column gave good separation of the derivatives. Excellent linear responses were observed and good compositional data could be obtained from as little as 200 mg of bryophyte plants and soil samples. Facile TSPP derivatization coupled with HPLC-APCI-MS analysis allowed the development of a highly sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of trace level of FFAs from biological and natural environmental samples.

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A pre-column derivatization method for the sensitive determination of aliphatic amines using the labeling reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection and APCI/NIS identification in positive-ion mode has been developed. The chromophore of 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) reagent was replaced by the 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole functional group, which resulted in a sensitive fluorescence derivatizing reagent, BCEOC, that could easily and quickly label amines. Derivatives were stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by HPLC and showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z [M + H](+) with APCI/MS in positive-ion mode. The collision induced dissociation of the protonated molecular ion formed characteristic fragment ions at m/z 264.1, m/z 246.0 and m/z 218.1, corresponding to the cleavages of CH2CH2O-CO, CH2CH2-OCO, and N-CH2CH2O bonds. Studies on derivatization conditions demonstrated that excellent derivatization yields close to 100% were observed with a 3 to 4-fold molar reagent excess in acetonitrile solvent, in the presence of borate buffer (pH 9.0) at 40 degrees C for 10 min. In addition, the detection responses for BCEOC derivatives were compared with those obtained with CEOC and FMOC as labeling reagents. The ratios I-BCEOC/I-CEOC and I-BCEOC/I-FMOC were, respectively, 1.40-2.76 and 1.36-2.92 for fluorescence responses (here, I was the relative fluorescence intensity). Separation of the amine derivatives had been optimized on an Eclipse XDB-C-8 column. Detection limits calculated from an 0.10 pmol injection, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 18.65-38.82 fmol (injection volume 10 mu L for fluorescence detection. The relative standard deviations for intraday determination (n = 6) of standard amine derivatives (50 pmol) were 0.0063-0.037% for retention times and 3.36-6.93% for peak areas. The mean intra-and inter-assay precision for all amines were <5.4% and 5.8%, respectively. The recoveries of amines ranged from 96 to 113%. Excellent linear responses were observed with correlation coefficients of >0.9994. The established method provided a simple and highly sensitive technique for the quantitative analysis of trace amounts of aliphatic amines from biological and natural environmental samples.