Three-photon-excited upconversion luminescence of Ce3+: YAP crystal by femtosecond laser irradiation

Infrared to ultraviolet and visible upconversion luminescence was demonstrated in trivalent cerium doped YAlO3 crystal (Ce3+: YAP) under focused infrared femtosecond laser irradiation. The fluorescence spectra show that the upconverted luminescence comes from the 5d-4f transitions of trivalent cerium ions. The dependence of luminescence intensity of trivalent cerium on infrared pumping power reveals that the conversion of infrared radiation is dominated by three-photon excitation process. It is suggested that the simultaneous absorption of three infrared photons pumps the Ce3+ ion into upper 5d level, which quickly nonradiatively relax to lowest 5d level. Thereafter, the ions radiatively return to the ground states, leading to the characteristic emission of Ce3+. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

Yb掺杂原子数分数为0．5％的Yb：Y3Al5O12晶体的光谱分析

采用提拉法生长了Yb掺杂原子数分数为0．5％的Yb：Y3Al5O12。（Yb2YAG）晶体，对晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了分析。与Yb掺杂原子数分数为5％的Yb：YAG晶体进行了对比，得出采用940nm激光二极管（LD）抽运晶体最为合适。原子数分数为0．5％的Yb：YAG晶体相对于原子数分数为5％的Yb：YAG晶体白吸收效应的影响要小。测量了原子数分数为0．5％的Yb：YAG晶体的荧光寿命为0．95ms，与理论值很接近。因此采用原子数分数为0．5%的Yb：YAG晶体作为激光工作物质将有利于高效、小型集成

不同Yb掺质浓度的Yb：Y3Al5O12晶体激光性能的比较

采用提拉法生长了Yb^3＋掺质浓度为5％原子分数、50％原子分数和100％原子分数的Yb：Y3Al5O12（Yb：YAG）晶体。系统地分析了不同Yb^3＋掺质浓度晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱。从吸收峰和吸收系数可以看出采用940nm LD泵浦三种不同浓度的Yb：YAG晶体都比较合适。随着Yb^3＋离子掺质浓度的增高，晶体中出现的自吸收现象越为明显。通过对三种不同Yb掺质浓度晶体激光性能参数的计算，得出高掺质浓度Yb：YAG和YbAG晶体是有前景的激光增益介质。

Cooperative and charge transfer luminescence in Yb3+ -doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAlO3)

YAlO3 (YAP) crystals with different Yb3+ concentration have been grown by Czochralski method and cooperative fluorescence of Yb3+ ions in YAP crystal was studied under 940-nm infrared (IR) LD excitation at room temperature. The Yb concentration dependence of absorption intensity of IR and charge transfer bands exhibit different features. The green emission band in the region of 480-520nm was assigned to the cooperative deexcitation of two Yb3+ ions. The remaining upconverted emission bands containing various sharp peaks associated with impurity ions were observed and discussed. Charge transfer luminescence of heavily doped 20at% Yb:YAP is strongly temperature dependent and no concentration quenching of the charge transfer luminescence was found through the investigation of different Yb levels samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

半导体激光器抽运新型Yb：GYSO混晶实现连续锁模激光输出

掺杂Yb^2＋离子的激光材料具有能级结构简单、抽运波长与振荡波长相近、量子效率高等优点，十分适合作为半导体激光器（LD）直接抽运的高功率激光光源。近年来，随着高性能InGaAs激光二极管的发展和成本的降低，掺Yb抖激光介质的研究受到人们的极大关注，并已研制出了许多新型激光晶体，如Yb：YAG，Yb：KYW，Yb：KGW，Yb：YAB，Yb：GGG和Yb：CaF2等。但是这些晶体还有很多不足之处，譬如生长比较困难、发射谱带相对窄和晶伙执导忡能相对姜等．

半导体可饱和吸收镜调Q的Yb：LSO激光器

报道了一个激光二极管（LD）抽运多波长连续输出的激光器和一个被动调Q的固体激光器。该激光器的增益材料是一种新型掺Yb^3＋的晶体Yb^3＋：Lu2SiO5（Yb^1LSO）。当吸收的抽运功率为2．57W时，连续输出的最大功率为490mW，斜率效率为22．2％，光-光转换效率为14．2％，激光阈值为299mW，输出激光波长为1084nm。多波长输出时，波长调谐范围为1034～1085nm。利用InGaAs可饱和吸收镜实现调Q输出时，斜率效率为3．0％，激光波长为1058nm。脉冲重复频率为25～39kHz，

激光晶体材料的发展和思考

在分析激光晶体研究现状的基础上，指出其未来应用及主要发展趋势：高功率、大能量激光晶体；中红外激光晶体；蓝绿紫和可见光激光晶体；LD抽运超快激光增益和放大介质晶体。以上四个方向中，高功率、大能量全固态激光晶体材料和LD抽运超快激光晶体材料又是覆盖其他方向、带有共性基础科学问题的关键方向。着重报道了LD抽运超快激光晶体材料的最新研究进展。

Yb：FAP晶体的生长及光谱性能

应用中频感应提拉法生长出不同掺杂浓度的Yb：FAP激光晶体，运用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）测定了Yb^3＋离子存Yb：FAP晶体中的分凝系数约为0．03。随着晶体的生长，晶体中Yb^3＋离子的轴向浓度逐渐增大。研究Yb：FAP晶体在77K和300K温度下的吸收光谱发现，振动谱的变化主要是由电子-声子近共振耦合作用引起的。系统地研究了不同Yb^3＋离子掺杂浓度Yb：FAP晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱。通过吸收光谱的测量计算了晶体的吸收截面。Yb：FAP晶体在904nm和982nm处存在Yb

高浓度掺Er^3＋铌酸锂晶体的光谱参数计算

用提拉法成功地生长了6mol％的高浓度掺铒铌酸锂晶体。测量了晶体的两个非偏振方向（X和Z）以及两个偏振方向（π和δ）的吸收光谱。高浓度掺铒铌酸锂晶体的吸收系数高，有利于提高泵浦效率。根据所测的吸收光谱用Judd-Ofelt理论拟合出了Er^3＋离子的强度参数Ωλ。所得的均方差结果显示偏振拟合的误差要小于非偏振拟合。利用偏振吸收数据计算了各能级跃迁的自发辐射跃迁几率（AJJ’）、辐射寿命（τ）、荧光分支比（β）和积分发射截面（σp）等参数，对计算结果进行了讨论并与其他文献的报道结果进行了比较。

激光二极管抽运Na，Yb：CaF2晶体实现低阈值激光输出

与Nd^3+相比，Yb^3+具有能级结构简单，本征量子缺陷低(<0．1)，辐射量子效率高，而且吸收和发射光谱非常宽，适合激光二极管(LD)抽运宽带调谐激光运转和超短脉冲的产生。特别是掺Yb晶体适合高亮度的InGaAs激光二极管抽运，从而成为近年来激光二极管抽运全固态激光器中备受关注的增益介质。但是掺Yb激光晶体属三能级系统，抽运阈值普遍较高。因此，寻找低阈值、实用化掺Yb晶体介质是近年来激光晶体的重要发展方向．

激光二极管抽运新型Yb：GSO晶体实现激光运转

作为发射波段在1μm的激光二极管(LD)抽运全固态激光器的增益介质，掺Yb晶体非常大的具有吸引力。Yb离子具有简单的电子结构，预防了激发态重复吸收、上转换以及浓度淬灭带来的激光损耗。而且，掺Yb介质的量子缺陷比较低可以产生相对大的斜效率和低热负载。近年来，掺Yb介质一些有效的激光运转已经得到证明，如Yb：YAG，Yb：YAB以及Yb：BOYS等。迄今为止，人们仍在进行各种尝试以得到发射荧光谱宽，低阈值运转的激光晶体。

Tm：YAG晶体的研究进展

Tm：YAG晶体是性能优异的LD泵浦激光晶体。本文总结了Tm：YAG晶体的生长、光谱性质以及激光性能的研究和发展，并指出了Tm：YAG晶体发展中需要解决的问题。

Efficient diode-pumped Tm : YALO(3) laser with a pump recycling scheme

By using a pump recycling configuration, the maximum power of 8.1 W in the wavelength range 1.935-1.938 mu m is generated by a 5-mm long Tm:YAlO3 (4 at. %) laser operating at 18 degrees C with a pump power of 24 W. The highest slope efficiency of 42% is attained, and the pump quantum efficiency is up to 100%. The Tm:YAlO3 laser is employed as a pumping source of singly-doped Ho(l%):GdVO4 laser operating at room temperature, in which continuous wave output power of greater than 0.2 W at 2.05 mu m is achieved with a slope efficiency of 9%.

Growth and spectroscopic characteristics of Yb : LPS single crystal

For the first time, a high optical quality Yb3+-doped lutetium pyrosilicate laser crystal Lu2Si2O7 (LPS) was grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method. The segregation coefficient of ytterbium ion in Yb:LPS crystal detected by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (TCP-AES) method is equal to 0.847. X-ray powder diffraction result confirms the C2/m phase monoclinic space group of the grown crystal and the peaks corresponding to different phases were indexed. The absorption and fluorescence spectra, as well as fluorescence decay lifetime of Yb3+ ion in LPS have been investigated. The absorption and fluorescence cross-sections of the transitions F-2(7/2) <-> F-2(5/2) of Yb3+ ion in LPS crystal have been determined. The advantages of the Yb:LPS crystal including high crystal quality, quasi-four-level laser operating scheme, high absorption cross-sections (1.33 x 10(-2) cm(2)) and particularly broad emission bandwidth (similar to 62 nm) indicated that the Yb:LPS crystal seemed to be a promising candidate used as compact, efficient thin chip lasers when LD is pumped at 940 and 980 nm due to its low-symmetry monoclinic structure and single crystallographic site. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Infrared to visible upconversion fluorescence in Yb,Tm : YAG single crystal

Absorption spectrum from 400 to 2000 run and upconversion fluorescence spectra under 940 nm pumping of YAG single crystal codoped with 5 at.% Yb3+ and 4 at.% Tm3+ were studied at room temperature. The blue upconversion emission centered at 483 nm corresponds to the transition (1)G(4) -> H-3(6), the emission band around 646 nm corresponds to the transition (1)G(4) -> F-3(4) of Tm3+. Energy transfer from Yb3+ to Tm3+ is mainly nonradiative and the transfer efficiency was experimentally assessed. The line strengths, transition probabilities and radiative lifetimes of (1)G(4) level were calculated by using Judd-Ofelt theory. Gain coefficient calculated from spectra shows that the upconversion corresponding with transitions (1)G(4) -> H-3(6) in YAG doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+ is potentially useful for blue light Output. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.