山西运城盐池湖区浮游绿藻及其分布特点

在山西运城盐池湖区采到的浮游绿藻共 3 3属 80种 (含变种 ) ,其中团藻目 5属 7种 ,四孢藻目 3属 3种 ,绿球藻目 2 0属 51种 ,鼓藻目 5属 1 9种 .该区域的水体根据其含盐量的不同可分为 4种类型 :淡水水体(含盐量 0 .0 1 1 % -0 .0 5% )、混盐水体 (含盐量 0 .0 5% -3 % )、真盐水体 (含盐量 3 % -4 % )和高盐水体 (含盐量4 % -3 4 .7% ) .由于受含盐量的影响 ,浮游绿藻在 4种水体中的分布有明显差异 ,总的趋势是含盐量

应用雄性激素诱导异育银鲫性转化的研究

用丙酸睾丸素溶液浸泡行雌核发育的异育银鲫(Allogynogeneticcruciancarp)胚胎10～14天 ,诱导出了11.0 %～13.6 %的雄性鱼和10.5 %～27.3 %的兼性鱼。对50日龄的异育银鲫幼鱼投喂甲基睾丸素4个月 ,再继续饲养182～335天 ,诱导出了20 %以上的雄性鱼。此外 ,部分实验鱼两侧卵巢的大小出现明显差异。

转基因鱼

朱作言，男，１９４１年出生于湖南省澧县。研究员，博士生导师，中国科学院院士。现任中国科学院水生生物研究所所长，国家淡水生态与生物技术重点实验室主任。１９６５年于北京大学生物系人体及动物生理专业本科（六年制）毕业，１９８０年中国科学院研究生院细胞及发育...

洪湖日本沼虾的种群繁殖生物学

1994年5月至1995年6月对洪湖日本沼虾的种群繁殖生物学进行了研究．洪湖日本沼虾的繁殖期为4月中旬至10月上旬，5月中旬至8月中旬为日本沼虾的繁殖高峰期，其中6月、8月雌虾抱卵率均在70％以上；日本沼虾群体中雄性总是少于雌性，月性比（♀／♂）变化于1．104－5．780之间，3—6月性比逐渐增高，7─10月性比则逐渐降低；在整个繁殖期．4─7月的抱卵虾均为前一年出生的大、中规格的个体，之后当年出生的个体在繁殖群体中逐渐占据优势；春季抱卵虾的绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力都大于秋季抱卵虾，分别计算了绝对繁殖力、

除臭大蒜口服液的GC/MS分析

应用GC/MS联用技术,对除臭大蒜口服液进行了检测,定性鉴定了25种含硫有机化合物。二烯丙基硫醚、甲基烯丙基三硫醚、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫杂-5-环己烯、2-乙烯基-1,3-二硫杂-5-环己烯和二烯丙基三硫醚是主要组分;二烯丙基四硫醚、烯丙基四硫化氢、2-和3-(2’,3’-二硫杂-5’-己烯基)-3,4-二氢-2H-噻喃、2-(2’-[3’,4’-二氢-2H噻喃基])-1,3-二硫杂-5-环己烯和3-(2’-[3’,4’-二氢-2H-噻喃基])-1,2-二硫杂-5-环己烯是次要组分。最后4种次要组分在

保安湖浮游物和颗粒有机碎屑现存量及季节变动与渔业生产

1987年3月至1988年3月对保安湖所属大湖和桥墩湖浮游物和颗粒有机碎屑现存量作了测定。浮游物平均干重、无灰干重和颗粒有机碎屑量大湖分别为337.6、127.7和96.9t;桥墩湖分别为100.5、50.3和40.2t。浮游物和颗粒有机碎屑现存量具有明显的季节变动。黄丝草、聚草和苦草的碎屑分解对浮游物的形成起着重要的作用。用浮游物碳量估算鲢鳙鱼产潜力大湖为12.3kg/亩;桥墩湖为11kg/亩。

鄂西地区裸藻的初步研究

在鄂西的五峰、宜都、宜昌、当阳及神农架林区一带,采集到裸藻门植物16属140种(包括变种和变型)。属于绿色裸藻类的有116种,无色裸藻类的有24种,其中有5个新种,7个新变种,3个新变型,有20种是我国新记录。在采集区域内的地形大体上可以分成三种不同的类型,即:山岳地区(采得裸藻5种),河谷盆地地区(采得裸藻40种)和沿长江丘陵地区(采得裸藻128种)。静止水体由于地形的差异,体积的大小和水质的肥沃程度不同,都对裸藻门植物的生长有重要的影响。

鄂西地区裸藻的新种类

<正> 本文报道的是1981年5—6月在鄂西地区(包括五峰、宜都、宜昌、当阳、兴山及神农架林区)采集到的裸藻门植物5个新种,7个新变种和3个新变型。1.阿洛格裸藻头状变种(新变型) (图1:a—e)Euglena allorgii var.capitata shi, var. nov.

显著车轮虫无性繁殖生物学研究

显著车轮虫无性繁殖过程中,其新齿环在分裂前期发生于旧齿环和辐线环之间;由细线状圆环分节以覆瓦式排列,其数目常为旧环的一倍,少数个体有增多。随着虫体发育,新环依次长出齿钩、锥体、齿棘。旧环则依齿钩、齿棘、锥体、齿钩柄的顺序消失;口沟、伸缩泡均在分裂前期分裂,各自形成两个新的口沟、伸缩泡;新辐线在子体发育初或中期才发生于新齿环外缘,总数为旧辐线的一倍。该虫无性繁殖以24小时为一周期。分裂前期需0.5—1小时;分裂期需1—3分钟。幼虫生长发育期需1.5—3小时。成虫生长成熟期需20—22小时。无论幼虫、童虫和成

温度对武汉东湖近邻剑水蚤发育及繁殖的影响

近邻剑水蚤完成一个世代所需的时间随不同的温度而有差别,在一定的温度范围内,其时间与温度呈正相关,在6.5℃时为64.3天,20℃时仅为20.2天,当25℃时则发育减慢。

鸭儿湖污染治理研究

鸭儿湖污染是通过氧化塘系统控制的。氧化塘系统,由四个串联氧化塘组成,总面积为2800亩,塘深3米,当废水量为7万吨/天时停留时间为80天。并利用净化后的废水培育鱼种(鱼种塘),通过菌—藻—浮游动物—鱼的相互作用,以鱼种形式回收部分营养元素。以解决在氧化塘沿岸的东西排灌渠12.8公里两岸人民的灌溉水和饮用水的污染问题。从1976年底氧化塘初步建成,四年运转结果表明:COD、有机磷、对硝基酚、对硫磷、马拉硫磷、乐果和六六六处理效果分别为77.3、82.5、99.3、98.7、98.4、92.9和86.2%。每

白暨豚气管和肺的解剖和组织学的研究

白鱀豚的肺分左右2叶,不分小叶,肺门位置高。气管分叉成左右主支气管和气管支气管,气管支气管分叉点的位置较高,情形与拉河豚相近。3条主支气管进入肺以后便成为肺内支气管树的主干,其分支的分布区可暗示假定肺叶的存在(共5叶,左2右3)。从气管起一直到呼吸性支气管都存在软骨组织。气管的粘膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,夹有杯状细胞。主支气管为单层柱状上皮,无杯状细胞。小支气管和细支气管又变为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,杯状细胞少。细支气管以下逐步改变为单层柱状上皮和立方上皮。各级支气管均未见腺体存在。从呼吸性细支气管到肺泡管

Developmental toxicity and alteration of gene expression in zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS

Perfluorooetanesulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant, the potential toxicity of which is causing great concern. In the present study, we employed zebrafish embryos to investigate the developmental toxicity of this compound. Four-hour post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 mg/L PFOS. Hatching was delayed and hatching rates as well as larval survivorship, were significantly reduced after the embryos were exposed to 1, 3 and 5 mg/L PFOS until 132 hpf. The fry displayed gross developmental malformations, including epiboly deformities, hypopigmentation, yolk sac edema, tail and heart malformations and spinal curvature upon exposure to PFOS concentrations of I mg/L or greater. Growth (body length) was significantly reduced in the 3 and 5 mg/L PFOS-treated groups. To test whether developmental malformation was mediated via apoptosis, flow cytometry analysis of DNA content, acridine orange staining and TUNEL assay was used. These techniques indicated that more apoptotic cells were present in the PFOS-treated embryos than in the control embryos. Certain genes related to cell apoptosis, p53 and Bax, were both significantly up-regulated upon exposure to all the concentrations tested. In addition, we investigated the effects of PFOS on marker genes related to early thyroid development (hhex and pax8) and genes regulating the balance of androgens and estrogens (cyp19a and cyp19b). For thyroid development, the expression of hhex was significantly up-regulated at all concentrations tested, whereas pax8 expression was significantly up-regulated only upon exposure to lower concentrations of PFOS (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/L). The expression of cyp19a and of cyp19b was significantly down-regulated at all exposure concentrations. The overall results indicated that zebrafish embryos constitute a reliable model for testing the developmental toxicity of PFOS, and the gene expression patterns in the embryos were able to reveal some potential mechanisms of developmental toxicity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A gene cluster that regulates both heterocyst differentiation and pattern formation in Anabaena sp strain PCC 7120

Wild-type Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, a filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, produces single heterocysts at semi-regular intervals. asr0100 (patU5) and alr0101 (patU3) are homologous to the 5' and 3' portions of patU of Nostoc punctiforme. alr0099 (hetZ) overlaps the 5' end of patU5. hetZ, patU5 and patU3 were all upregulated, or expressed specifically, in proheterocysts and heterocysts. Mutants of hetZ showed delayed or no heterocyst differentiation. In contrast, a patU3 mutation produced a multiple contiguous heterocyst (Mch) phenotype and restored the formation of otherwise lost intercalary heterocysts in a patA background. Decreasing the expression of patU3 greatly increased the frequency of heterocysts in a mini-patS strain. Two promoter regions and two principal, corresponding transcripts were detected in the hetZ-patU5-patU3 region. Transcription of hetZ was upregulated in a hetZ mutant and downregulated in a patU3 mutant. When mutants hetZ::C.K2 and hetZ::Tn5-1087b were nitrogen-deprived, P-hetC-gfp was very weakly expressed, and in hetZ::Tn5-1087b, P-hetR-gfp was relatively strongly expressed in cells that had neither a regular pattern nor altered morphology. We conclude that the hetZ-patU5-patU3 cluster plays an important role in co-ordination of heterocyst differentiation and pattern formation. The presence of homologous clusters in filamentous genera without heterocysts is suggestive of a more general role.

Shrinkage of Gobiocypris rarus, Procypris rabaudi, and Sinilabeo rendahli preserved in formalin

Length measurements of preserved fishes are necessary in many types of fish surveys because logistics often do not allow for fish measurement immediately after catch. If the fixative causes significant shrinkage, then the preserved lengths cannot be directly used to indicate accurate live lengths. The objective of this study was to determine how preservation in formalin affects standard length of Gobiocypris rarus larvae (24-day-old and newly hatched), larval Procypris rabaudi (4-day-old), and larval Sinilabeo rendahli (12-day-old). Fishes were measured (to nearest 0.01 mm) and individually fixed in the appropriate formalin solution (2.5% or 5.0% formalin), then re-measured at 0.5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45 and 75 days after preservation to follow the time course of shrinkage. Most of the shrinkage occurred within the first half day after preservation. The 5.0% formalin caused a higher relative shrinkage rate than did the 2.5% solution; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In G. rarus, initial shrinkage of newly hatched larvae was higher than that of 24-day-old larvae.