237 resultados para 341.522


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清代是中国古典园林发展的极盛时期,不管是造园艺术水平还是造园数量上都达到了历史上的高潮,显示中国古典园林的辉煌成就,代表了中国古典园林艺术的精华。清王朝把中国古典园林推向高潮的同时,也为现代园林的发展奠定了基础。通过回顾和分析清代的历史,探讨了清代中国园林发展的主要特点和对中国园林的贡献。

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<正>自1955年合成微溶性脲醛化台物(UF)以及1967年聚合物包膜肥料投入生产,缓/控释肥料的生产已有40多年的历史。自上世纪70年代以来,国内外已推出了数十种缓释、控释肥料,这些高新技术,可以较好地控制肥料养分释放速度,氮素利用率高达60%-70%,而且不受土壤类型等复杂因素的影响,被称为"21世纪的肥料"。中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所自上世纪八十年代初在国内率先开展长效尿素的研究,在新型肥料研究开发方面取得了多项成果,其中"长效尿素的研究"获辽宁省科技进步一等奖(1988年),"长效碳酸氢铵的研制与推广"项目先后获得中国科学院科技进步特等奖、国家科技进步二等奖;"脲酶/硝化抑制剂对尿素氮行为的协同作用机理及其在缓控释肥料中的应用"成果,2002年通过了鉴定结论是:在同类研究中居于国际先进水平,部分领域达到国际领先水平。研究的"复方长效尿素"获得了国家发明专利。

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生态足迹是评价可持续发展状况和能力的重要指标之一。本文以统计年鉴和林业年鉴为主要数据来源,对延边林区1996~2002年的生态足迹进行了计算和分析。结果表明,该区人均生态足迹逐年下降,人均生态承载力波动较小,而人均生态盈余逐年增长。人均万元GDP生态足迹逐年递减,同西部地区相当,而明显高于东部。人均林地生态足迹变化平稳,天然林保护工程实施前后林地生产足迹和林地出口足迹的平均值分别降低了0.341和0.327 hm2.人-1,降幅分别为46.32%和54.94%。延边区域和林业的发展是可持续的,天然林保护工程的实施有助于增强其可持续发展能力,但同林业发达国家相比,仍有很大差距。依靠科技,提高单位面积林地产量和资源利用率,合理经营和管理森林生态系统是今后的工作重点。

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以管道理论为基础,运用主轴切割的方法,论述不同年龄小钻杨树体的结构特点。结果表明:树干生物量增加与高度的降低呈线性关系;同一层次内的叶量和枝量间存在显著的线性关系,其关系的确定性不受分层方式的影响;树冠不同层次内的累积叶量与支持的枝干总质量存在显著的线性关系;不同层次的总累积生物量与各层内的树干生物量密度之间的线性关系显著,对不同层次累积树干生物量与各层树干生物量密度进行指数回归,系数介于1.1~1.3,指数介于1~2,表明二者的关系是处于线性和指数关系之间的一种形式;在胸高以上,树干边材断面积与侧枝基部断面积总和呈线性关系,胸高之下线性关系不存在。建立不同年龄小钻杨边材与所支持叶量的树体管道模型,同时测得胸径(D1.3)与心材直径(Dx)间的关系为Dx=0.522 exp(0.169 8D1.3),r=0.984 8。

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采用田间微区试验和分级提取测定的方法研究了褐土中P、Zn形态转化问题.发现褐土中Ca2-P和Ca8-P是转化最活跃的P素形态.而且Ca8-P的流通容量很大,可超过作物需P量9倍以上;在Zn的各种形态中转化最活跃的是EX-Zn和CARB-Zn,其中CARB-Zn的流通容量亦很大,可超过作物需Zn量19倍以上.Ca8-P库和CARB-Zn库形成了褐土中调控P、Zn养分供蓄以适应旱地水分波动的主要机构.合理施肥和培肥土壤以丰富Ca8-P和CARB-Zn库将有利于增强作物抵御干旱能力,提高水分养分利用效率,促使旱地农业持续向高产优质高效方向发展.

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IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn

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在经济高速增长的新形势下,能源保障风险日益凸现。全国能源保障分区研究不仅是能源风险管理的基本要求,也是经济发展对能源产业提出的新要求。本文阐述了全国能源资源的基础形势,并对1996年~2005年间我国一次能源生产和消费情况进行了分析;构建了由能源储量比、对外依存度、库存增减量、能源生产弹性系数、能源消费弹性系数、运输线路长度6个指标组成的能源保障指标体系,采用因子分析法确定各个指标的权重;并根据灰色聚类方法对全国30个省(市、区)"十五"期间的能源保障能力进行了评估与分区。结果表明:我国能源保障水平具有南

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Polyaniline/magnetite nanocomposites consisting of polyaniline (PANI) nanorods surrounded by magnetite nanoparticles were prepared via an in situ self-assembly process in the presence of PANI nanorods. The synthesis is based on the well-known chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in an acidic environment, with ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidant. An organic acid (dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, DBSA) was used to replace the conventional strong acidic (1 M HCl) environment. Here, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is used not only as dopant, but also as surfactant in our reaction system.

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A new blend system consisting of an amorphous sulfonated poly[bis(benzimidazobenzisoquinolinones)] (SPBIBI) and the semi-crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was prepared for proton exchange membranes. The miscibility behavior of a series of blends of SPBIBI with PVDF at various weight ratios was studied by WXRD, DSC and FTIR. The properties of the blend membranes were investigated, and it was found that the introduction of PVDF in the SPBIBI matrix altered the morphological structure of the blend membranes, which led to the formation of improved connectivity channels. For instance, the conductivity of the blend membrane containing 10 wt% PVDF displayed the highest proton conductivity (i.e., 0.086 S cm(-1)) at room temperature, a value almost twofold that of the pristine SPBIBI membranes (i.e., 0.054S cm(-1)) under identical conditions.

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Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-xCe (x = 0-3, wt.%) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting method. The microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results revealed that the main phases of as-cast Mg-5Al-0.3Mn alloy consist of alpha-Mg matrix and beta-Mg17Al12 phase. With the addition of Ce element, Al11Ce3 precipitates were formed and mainly aggregated along the grain boundaries. The amount of the Al11Ce3 precipitates increased with increasing addition of Ce, but the amount of beta-Mg17Al12 phase decreased. The highest tensile strength was obtained in Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-1.5Ce alloy. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation at room temperature are 203 MPa, 88 MPa and 20%, separately.