高原鼠兔对高寒草甸土壤有机质及湿度的作用

为探讨高原鼠兔对土壤理化性质的作用,本研究于2005年8月,采用灼烧和烘干法,分别测定了高原鼠兔栖息及被灭杀地区土壤有机质含量及湿度.结果表明:高原鼠兔栖息地区,0～5 cm及6～10 cm土壤层有机质含量和湿度均极显著或显著高于被灭杀地区;11～30 cm土壤层,二者无显著的差异;31～50 cm土壤层,有机质含量差异极显著,而土壤湿度则无显著差异.说明,高原鼠兔活动可增加高寒草甸土壤表层有机质含量和湿度,进而改变土壤理化性质,促进生态系统物质循环.

矮嵩草草甸植被-土壤系统CO2的释放特征

采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对高寒矮嵩草草甸植被-土壤系统CO2释放特征研究结果表明:3个处理(FC、FJ、FL)CO2释放速率具有明显的日变化规律,日最大释放速率出现在13:00左右,最小释放速率在4:00前后,且白天的释放速率均大于夜间;CO2释放速率也具有明显的季节变化特征,植物生长期释放速率明显高于枯黄期,且均表现为正排放;在整个观测期间(6月30日～1月28日)CO2平均释放速率依次为FC>FJ>FL,矮嵩草草甸植物-土壤系统CO2释放速率为438.34±264.12mg/(m2•h)(FC),土壤呼吸速率为313.20±189.74 mg/(m2•h)(FJ),土壤微生物呼吸速率为230.34±145.46mg/(m2•h)(FL),植物根系呼吸占土壤呼吸的26.5%.植物、植物根系以及土壤微生物CO2释放速率与土壤5 cm温度呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.858、0.628和0.672(P<0.01).整个系统呼吸、土壤呼吸与土壤5 cm温度可拟和为一指数方程,方程为y=168.03e0.10x86x(R2=0.8783)和y=149.69e0.0745x(R2=0.8189).

款冬属的核形态(菊科:千里光族)

研究了款冬属的核形态。染色体间期为简单型与复杂型的过渡型;前期染色体为近基型与中间型的过渡型。染色体较小,核型不对称,具明显的二型性；数目与核型公式为2n=60=42m+10sm+6st+2t。比较发现款冬的核型明显不同于千里光族中已有的核型记载,其核型特征似乎与它独特的形态特征相联系,具有重要的系统学意义。

封闭垃圾填埋场通过地表向大气释放汞的测定

利用动力学通量箱及自动测汞仪联用技术，于2004年3月中旬对贵阳市的一座封闭生活垃圾填埋场汞通过地表向大气释放的过程进行了研究。3个采样点的汞释放通量日均值分别为559．1、88．2、53．6ng·m^-2·h^-1，汞释放通量强度与表层基质中的汞含量密切相关，该测定值高于世界背景地区通量的1-2个数量级，说明封闭垃圾填埋场也是大气汞的潜在来源。汞释放通量呈现明显的昼夜变化规律，白天较高并在午间前后达到最大，而夜间降至最低。气相因子中光照强度与汞的释放过程相关性最高，其次分别是气温、相对湿度、地温和风速。氧化态汞的光致还原作用是可能垃圾填埋场Hg^0生成的主要途径，降雨初期能促进地表汞的释放。

基于DEM提取流域河网研究

回顾和介绍了基于DEM 提取流域河网的三种不同算法：移动窗口算法、坡面径流模拟算法、谷线搜索算法，其中坡面径流模拟算法由于其水文学基础，能产生连续河网，能与分布式参数模型紧密结合，进而分析了这三种算法各自的优缺点和存在的主要问题，重点分析和讨论了坡面径流模拟算法中存在的三个基本问题：⑴水道起始点位置的确定，⑵凹陷与平坦区域水流方向的确定，⑶模拟河网与自然河网之间的偏差。最后，针对算法中存在的问题，探讨了未来的研究重点。

地球初期壳幔演化的物理过程

原始地幔处于全球性的高温熔融状态，其上层的冷却演化过程可大致分为3个阶段：高熔点矿物结晶沉降阶段、岩浆不混溶阶段和固化成壳阶段。在此过程中，原始地幔逸出挥发性物质，形成了地球的超临界流体圈。通过岩浆不混溶作用所形成的富Si—Al质岩浆最终固化为原始大陆壳。超临界流体圈的分解，分别形成酸性H2O圈和CO2大气圈。

贵阳市大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的化学特征及其影响因素研究

气溶胶对气候和人类的健康都有重要影响。因此，研究大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）的化学组成和物理特性对更深入地了解气溶胶对气候和人类健康的影响具有重要意义。贵阳是中国受燃煤污染比较严重的城市之一，大气中高含量的SO2是其最明显的特征。尽管最近几年空气质量有所改善，但是该区的大气污染问题还比较严重，空气质量仍然不容乐观。我们于2005年1月1日到2005年12月31日在中科院地球化学研究所内全年采集总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品，分析测试了其主要无机离子（F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+、Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+）的化学性质，并结合当地的气象参数（温度，风速，降雨量和相对湿度）系统地研究了TSP及其水溶性无机离子的季节变化特征。本论文的主要结论有： 1. TSP的浓度变化范围为36.91～313.44µg/m3，年均值106.60µg/m3；各离子摩尔浓度的大小顺序为：SO42-> NH4+> Ca2+ > NO3-> K+ > Na+ > Cl- > Mg2+ > F-；SO42- (23.04±12.16µg/m3)和NH4+(3.05±2.23µg/m3)是最主要的离子，分别占总离子摩尔数的37％和30％。TSP及其组分都有明显的季节变化，TSP、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+、Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度的冬/夏比值分别为:1.29、5.23、1.35、2.37、1.73、1.22、1.84、1.23和1.02。 2. 温度对TSP及其水溶性无机组分的影响呈现一定的季节变化模式，冬天随温度的升高TSP及其水溶无机组分的浓度也升高，夏天随温度的升高TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度降低。但是从全年来看，温度与TSP及其水溶性无机组分之间有弱的负相关性，即随温度的升高，TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度有不同程度的下降。相对湿度与TSP及其水溶性无机组分之间存在明显的负相关关系，即随大气相对湿度的增加，TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度下降。在相对湿度与TSP及其水溶性无机组分浓度的日变化图中表现为相对湿度的波谷与TSP及其水溶无机组分的浓度的波峰相对应。风速与TSP及其水溶无机组分的浓度之间呈现弱的负相关性。在贵阳，风速对TSP及其水溶无机组分的影响主要表现为扩散作用和稀释作用，由风速导致的尘土再悬浮作用并不明显。雨量对TSP及其水溶性无机组分的影响主要是湿清除作用，具体表现为无雨天TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度较雨天高。影响TSP、Ca2+、Mg2+和F-的主要气象参数是相对湿度(RH)和风速，影响SO42-、NO3-、NH4+和Cl-的主要气象参数是温度。 3. 贵阳大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）总体偏酸性，TSP水溶液pH值的年均值为6.27±0.41，与总阴离子与总阳离子的当量比Q的年平均值为0.82一致；TSP中高含量的SO42-是贵阳的TSP显酸性的主要原因。 4. NH4+与SO42-和NO3-的相关系数（R）分别为0.85和0.65，NH4+与SO42-的摩尔比值为0.8，说明贵阳TSP中的NH4+主要以(NH4)2SO4的形式存在。Ca2+和Mg2+有较好的相关性（R=0.72）和相似的变化特征，说明二者可能有共同的来源。 5. 2005年贵阳TSP中SO42-/ Ca2+的平均值为13.64，几乎是干净大陆SO42-/ Ca2+的本底值的20倍，说明贵阳的大气污染主要是人为因素所致。NO3-/SO42-的平均值为0.15，说明固定源对贵阳气溶胶的贡献比移动源（通常指交通工具所排放的尾气）对气溶胶的贡献大；

Photodissociation of o-bromotoluene at 266 nm

The photodissociation of o-bromotoluene at 266 nm has been investigated using the universal crossed laser-molecular beam technique. The angle-resolved time-of-flight (TOF) spectra corresponding to Br photofragment are measured at different lab angles. The observed translational energy distribution and anisotropy parameters of the Br photofragment indicate that o-bromotoluene dissociates via two channels. In the first channel, the anisotropy parameter beta is determined to be 0.5 +/- 0.2 and the average translational energy is only 9% of the available energy. In the other photofragmentation channel, beta is determined to be - 0.4 +/- 0.2 and 44% of the available energy is assigned to translational energy. Possible mechanisms are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic investigation of urinary normal and modified nucleosides of cancer patients

Post-transcriptional modifications in RNA give rise to free modified ribonucleosides circulating in the blood stream and excreted in urine. Due to their abnormal levels in conjunction with several tumor diseases, they have been suggested as possible tumor markers. The developed RP-HPLC method has been applied to analyze the urinary nucleosides in 34 urinary samples from 15 kinds of cancer patients. The statistical analyses showed the urinary nucleoside excretion, especially modified nucleoside levels, in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in normal healthy volunteers. Factor analysis was used to classify the patients with cancer and normal healthy humans. It was found that using 15 urinary nucleoside levels or only five modified nucleoside levels as data vectors the factor analysis plot displayed two almost separate clusters representing each group. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

语前聋小儿人工耳蜗植入术后的言语康复

An Approach to the Rehabilitation of Prelingually Deaf Children After Cochlear Implantation Zheng Xiujin(Medical Psychology) Directed by Professor Yin WenGang Abstract Objective: To sum up the acquirement rule of speech and language capability which is for the prelingually deaf children after cochlear implantation by listening and language rehabilitation training and to investigate the factors that affect rehabilitation speed. Method: Sixty-four children received a cochlear implant at the age of 2 to 5 years from 2001 to 2005. They begin to be trained under group pattern after switch on 1 month. The whole training program lasted more than 7 months; after that, according to the teacher’s plan the training program was to be continued at home. Result: The period is 108±7.7 days that they can pronounce correctly 50 percent of all of simple-finals and compound-finals, the period is 115.0±7.8 days that they begin auditory repeating, the period is 135.3±10.9 days that they can speech the first specific word independently and the period is 200.3±13.9 days that they can speak 70 words and come into tri-gamut-word and two-word sentence period. The patient that is the group at the age of 2-3 years can take part in normal kindergarten after switch on about 10 months. There are no significant differences in various grades of speech-language development with different age groups and so do with different sex groups. There are significant differences in various grade of speech-language development with various IQ group (P<0.01) and so do with using and not using hearing aids before implantation. Conclusion: From the research we find that the speech and language development sequence is the same level between the prelingually deaf children of 2 to 5 years who received cochlear implant after speech training and normal children and which are stages of uncomplicated sound production, continuous syllabic (babbling), speech sprout, single-word utterances and two-word utterances in proper order. The time is short significantly and the reason is that cognition capability is enhanced along with the increase of age. The intelligence is main factor that affect rehabilitation speed and the speed in the group of high IQ is faster than common IQ. It is not because of the dominance cognition of the senior group that makes the increasing of the rehabilitation, it even makes slowly. The reason of which is that the senior group are exposed the language environment too late to achieve speech and language development. So we should perform an operation and training early. The effectiveness of rehabilitation after cochlear implantation is improved by using hearing aids before implantation. The reason is auditory stimulate can be benefit of to deaf children. The rehabilitation speeds in the children at the age of 2 to 5 years have nothing to do with sex. Key words: cochlear implant; speech therapy; paediatric rehabilitation