基于遥感信息的常州市热岛效应

以常州市区为研究区域,运用"单窗算法"对TM卫星第6波段进行解译,得到卫星过境时常州市区的地表温度(LST)分布图。结果表明:2006年9月18日卫星过境时常州市城区地表平均温度的热岛强度为3.81K;常州热岛效应的空间分布特征为"一个片区结合多个组团",与城市的发展格局基本一致,表明城市化引起的土地利用/土地覆盖变化是形成热岛效应的主要原因;城市工业用地的地表平均温度极显著高于城区,表明工业生产消耗大量能源而产生的人为热对常州市热岛效应的形成以及热岛强度的增强具有显著影响。

Climate change, sea level rise and integrated coastal zone management: An IPCC approach

Expansion of economic activities, urbanisation, increased resource use and population growth are continuously increasing the vulnerability of the coastal zone. This vulnerability is now further raised by the threat of climate change and accelerated sea level rise. The potentially severe impacts force policy-makers to also consider long-term planning for climate change and sea level rise. For reasons of efficiency and effectiveness this long-term planning should be integrated with existing short-term plans, thus creating an Integrated Coastal Zone Management programme. As a starting point for coastal zone management, the assessment of a country's or region's vulnerability to accelerated sea level rise is of utmost importance. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has developed a common methodology for this purpose. Studies carried out according to this Common Methodology have been compared and combined, from which general conclusions on local, regional and global vulnerability have been drawn, the latter in the form of a Global Vulnerability Assessment. In order to address the challenge of coping with climate change and accelerated sea level rise, it is essential to foresee the possible impacts, and to take precautionary action. Because of the long lead times needed for creating the required technical and institutional infrastructures, such action should be taken in the short term. Furthermore, it should be part of a broader coastal zone management and planning context. This will require a holistic view, shared by the different institutional levels that exist, along which different needs and interests should be balanced.

九十年代中国景观生态学文献分析及研究进展(英文)

本文通过文献检索对90年代期间景观生态学文献及论著进行了分析。分析结果表明,景观生态学研究在过去十年中获得了突飞猛进的发展。通过不完全统计,中国研究人员在国内外发表有关文献619篇以及中、英文著作13部,其中90% 以上是在国内发表的。基础理论方面和应用方法的文献分别占39.6% (245篇)和23.6% (146篇)。依据不同的研究内容,中国90年代景观生态学研究文献被分为9类。城市景观生态学的文献数量排列第一,占全部统计文献的13.4%;其次是区域、流域景观,寒区、旱区景观,森林景观,生境与生物多样性,农业景观,湿地景观,城郊景观以及植物景观。根据分析结果,作者对中国的景观生态学研究目前存在的问题和发展趋势进行了讨论。表3参42。

Degradation products formed during UV-irradiation of humic waters

Natural humic lake water and aqueous solutions of humic substances were treated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ = 254 nm). The effects on the dissolved organic carbon content (DOC) and the absorbance at 254 nm (Abs254) and 460 nm (Abs460) were monitored and the identity and concentrations of gas chromatographable organic degradation products were determined. The DOC content and the (Abs254) of the humic solutions decreased continuously with increasing UV-dose. Several aromatic and aliphatic degradation products were identified and roughly quantified The concentrations of aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acids and hydroxy aldehydes increased when relatively low UV-doses were used, but declined following further irradiation. The concentrations of aliphatic dibasic acids increased over the full range of UV-doses

Fruit anatomy,seed germination and seedling development in the Japanese seagrass phyllospadix

Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino and phyllospadix japonicus Makino have similar frunt morphology and anatomy.The rhomboid fruit of Japanese phyllospadix is dark brown in colour and is characterized by two arms bearing stiff inflected bristles which can act as an anchoring system. The fruit covering consists of a thin cuticular seed coat and pericarp remains mainly fibrous endocarp. In the groove region of the fruit.the cuticular seed coat and endocarp are replaced by nucellus cells with wall in growths and crushed pigment strands with lignified walls.these tissues appera to control the transfer of nutrients to developing seed.the seed is oval with a small embryo and a large hypocotyl. the embryo is straight and simple,with the plumule containing three leaf primordia and a pair of root primordia surrounded by a cotyledon.the hypocotyl has large vontral lobe containing central provascular tissue and two small dorsal lobes.the hypocotyl contains starch.lipid and protein.and acts as a nutrient store.the seed of P.iwatensis has a dormancy period of 2-6 weeks and germination eventually reaches-65%.but is not synchronized.during germination the leaves emerge first.and then after at least three young leaves have formed and abseised.the roots emerge,usually?6 months after the commencement of germination.Utilizaton of the nutrient reserves is initially from the perihpery of the hypocotyl and then progressively towards its centre.

农牧交错区生态环境恢复与重建的可持续发展思路

根据草地和农牧交错区生态系统重建机理及优化生态—生产模式国家重点基础研究发展规划的要求 ,综合分析了我国农牧交错区的基本现状 ,系统论述了农牧交错区存在的草地“三化”突出、农业生产低下、自然灾害频繁等问题 ,研究和寻求生态系统退化、恢复和重建的关键技术与途径 ,进一步探讨在西部大开发中农牧交错区的发展思路。

试论生态分类系统在我国数字林业建设中的应用

我国传统森林区划中,二类小班和三类小班两类小班体系同时存在,二者在空间上不一致;即使是同一小班体系,先后两次调查结果也不相同,不利于应用数字技术制定长期的森林管理计划.本文以辽宁东部山区为例,建立生态分类系统(ecological classification system,ECS),共得到5类生态土地类型(ecological land type,ELT),34类生态土地类型相(ecological land type phase,ELTP).以ELTP作为固定小班,设计了一致性森林资源调查方法,解决了我国数字林业建设中的基础技术问题.以生态分类系统和空间信息技术为依托的生态系统管理方法,加上计算机模型和辅助决策界面的支持,构成了数字林业的基本框架.

25年来中国旅游容量研究的回顾与反思

20世纪80年代以来,中国旅游容量研究得到了较快发展。在回顾国内旅游容量研究的基础上,从理论和实践角度反思中国旅游容量研究25年的发展和问题,结论如下:我国旅游容量规划规范亟需补充完善;我国旅游容量管理方法亟需改进;国内学术界对旅游容量的认识尚存在若干误区。针对以上问题,通过综合分析国内外旅游容量的研究成果,深入探讨旅游容量的本质特征,对旅游容量的本质特征和旅游容量在实践中的发展方向形成如下基本认识:①旅游容量体现的是载体与被载体、容器与被容物之间的关系;②旅游容量反映的是景区系统中各种因子(尤其是限制性

热处理工艺对Mg-RE-Zn-Zr系合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过气体保护制备了Mg-RE-Zn-Zr[RE=Ce-40La(wt%)的富铈稀土]合金,并对合金进行了热处理,测试了不同状态下合金的硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率等力学性能,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对合金显微组织、拉伸断口进行了分析。结果发现,采用T6热处理工艺后,合金的晶粒尺寸明显细化,硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率显著提高,分别提高了11%,24%,7.3%和102%

Studies on the magnetism of cobalt ferrite nanocrystals synthesized by hydrothermal method

Fe-Co/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite and CoFe2O4 nanopowders were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The structure of magnetic powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravity analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) techniques, while magnetic properties were determined by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature.

Nanocrystalline LaAlO3:Sm3+ as a Promising Yellow Phosphor for Field Emission Displays

Nanocyrstalline LaAlO3:Sm3+ phosphors were prepared through a Pechini-type sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were utilized to characterize the synthesized phosphors. XRD results reveal that the sample begins to crystallize at 600 degrees C, and pure LaAlO3 phase can be obtained at 700 degrees C. FE-SEM images indicate that the Sm3+-doped LaAlO3 phosphors are composed of aggregated spherical particles with sizes ranging from 40 to 80 nm. Under the excitation of UV light (245 nm) and low-voltage electron beams (1-3 kV), the Sm3+-doped LaAlO3 phosphors show the characteristic emissions of the Sm3+ ((4)G(5/2)-H-6(5/2), H-6(7/2), H-6(9/2) transitions) with a yellow color. The CL intensity (brightness) of the Sm3+-doped LaAlO3 phosphor is higher than that of the commercial product [Zn(Cd)S:Ag+] (yellow) to some extent.

Synthesis, self-assembly in water, and cytotoxicity of MPEG-block-PLLA/DX conjugates

Docetaxel (DX) is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs. Its current clinical administration is limited because of its hydrophobicity and Serious side effects. A polymer/DX conjugate is designed and successfully prepared to solve these problems. It is monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lactide)/DX (MPEG-PLLA/DX) It was synthesized by reacting DX with carboxyl-terminated copolymer MPEG-PLLA, which was prepared by reacting succinic anhydride with hydroxyl-terminated copolymer monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly (L-lactide) (MPEG-PLLA). Its structure and molecular weight was confirmed by H-1 NMR and GPC. The MPEG-PLLA/DX micelles in aqueous solution were prepared Using a SO]vent displacement method and characterized by dynamic light scattering for size and size distribution, and by transmission electron microscopy for surface morphology. Its antitumor activity against HeLa cancer cells evaluated by MTT assay showed that it had a similar antitumor activity to Pure D at the same drug content.