白桦花期诱导技术的研究

在全光照(光合有效辐射尽可能保持在180μmolphotons·m-2·s-1以上)状态下,温度控制在25℃左右,湿度在60%以上,对塑料大棚中的白桦进行绞缢和CO2施肥处理,结果表明:绞缢是促进白桦提早开花的最有效措施,绞缢与对照两个水平间差异显著,绞缢开花率达38%,而对照开花率仅为2.9%。CO2施肥处理与绞缢处理之间不存在相互作用,CO2施肥不能明显使白桦提早开花。

不同降水量处理时5种蒿属植物瘦果粘液溶出

用粘沙法对科尔沁沙地西部5种蒿属植物冷蒿(Artemisiafrigida)、差巴嘎蒿(A.halodendron)、大籽蒿(A.sieversiana)、黄蒿(A.scoparia)、乌丹蒿(A.wudanica)进行了瘦果粘液溶出及粘沙量的比较。主要模拟埋深5mm、降水量为1、2、4、8mm时瘦果的粘液溶出。5种供试植物均有粘液瘦果。在降水量1mm时,供试植物的粘液瘦果就能溶出粘液。当降水量达到2～4mm时,典型的沙生植物乌丹蒿和差巴嘎蒿的粘液瘦果粘沙量平均值分别达到7.31～13.56mg、0.63～2.55mg。除冷蒿外,其它4种植物均有随降水增多、粘液溶出量加大的趋势。粘液瘦果比例从大到小的排序是冷蒿>乌丹蒿>差巴嘎蒿>大籽蒿>黄蒿。在各种处理时,粘沙瘦果百粒瘦果粘沙量由大到小的顺序是乌丹蒿>差巴嘎蒿>大籽蒿>冷蒿>黄蒿。溶出粘液粘沙后,冷蒿瘦果所形成沙团重量达到瘦果重量的5～7倍,差巴嘎蒿2～9倍,大籽蒿3～5倍,黄蒿5～8倍,乌丹蒿5～29倍。流沙先锋植物乌丹蒿和差巴嘎蒿百粒瘦果粘沙量较其它植物大、在较低降水量时这两种植物粘液瘦果粘沙量较大表明瘦果溶出粘液粘沙是植物针对沙地流动性的进化适应之一。

不同土壤水分条件下北方稻田耗水规律研究

采用田测法研究不同土壤水分条件下稻田需水规律 .试验采用淹灌、湿润灌和间歇灌 3种灌水处理 .结果表明 ,在整个生育期内由田测法测得的淹灌、湿润灌和间歇灌 3种处理的蒸散量分别为 889.1、6 35 .9和 775 .9mm ,蒸散速率分别为 6 .9、4 .9和 6 .0mm·d-1.与淹灌处理相比 ,湿润灌和间歇灌处理分别节水 2 8.5 %和 12 .7% .在充分供水的情况下 ,由Penman法计算的潜在蒸散值分别比田测法小 2 9.30 % .淹灌、湿润灌和间歇灌 3种处理的生物产量分别为 16 4 38.2 2、15 887.94和 15 75 7.88kg·hm-2 ,经济产量分别为 80 14 .0 1、782 8.91和 785 3.93kg·hm-2 .统计分析结果表明 ,3种处理间的产量差别不显著 .淹灌、湿润灌和间歇灌 3种处理的水分利用效率 (WUE)分别为 9.0 1、12 .31和 10 .12kg·hm-2 ·mm-1,淹灌的WUE分别比湿润灌和间歇灌减少 2 6 .8%和 11.0 % .对比分析结果表明 ,湿润灌的节水效果最好

长白山北坡河岸带群落植物区系分析

对吉林省二道白河河岸带植物区系的研究结果表明,河岸带植被中共有维管束植物68科169属288种,其中包括蕨类植物11科16属26种,种子植物57科153属262种种子植物中,裸子植物3科6属9种,被子植物54科147属253种;被子植物中,双子叶植物45科118属212种,单子叶植物9科29属41种,由此可见二道白河河岸带的植物种类较为丰富,对其中被子植物分布区类型的分析表明,二道白河流域河岸带种子植物区系科、属的分布类型较为丰富,在科级水平上有6个分布类型2个变型,在属级水平上有9个分布类型7个变型,河岸带植物区系呈温带特性,各类温带分布类型117属,占河岸带种子植物153属的76.5％。二道白河流域河岸带植物区系地理联系广泛,与热带植物区系和东亚区系具有一定的联系,但与地中海植物区系的联系甚少。表明河岸带在生物多样性保护中的重要作用。

Novel synthesis of highly active Pt/C cathode electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cell

A 40 wt% Pt/C cathode electrocatalyst with controlled Pt particle size of similar to 2.9 nm showing better performance than commercial catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell was prepared by a polyol process with water but without using stabilizing agent.

Double proton transfer and one-electron oxidation behaviors in double H-bonded glycinamide-formamidine complex and comparison with biological base pair

The behaviors of double proton transfer (DPT) occurring in a representative glycinamide-formamidine complex have been investigated employing the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. Computational results suggest that the participation of a formamidine molecule favors the proceeding of the proton transfer (PT) for glycinamide compared with that without mediator-assisted case. The DPT process proceeds with a concerted mechanism rather than a stepwise one since no zwitterionic complexes have been located during the DPT process. The barrier heights are 14.4 and 3.9 kcal/mol for the forward and reverse directions, respectively. However, both of them have been reduced by 3.1 and 2.9 kcal/mol to 11.3 and 1.0 kcal/mol with further inclusion of zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) corrections, where the lower reverse barrier height implies that the reverse reaction should proceed easily at any temperature of biological importance. Additionally, the one-electron oxidation process for the double H-bonded glycinamide-formamidine complex has also been investigated. The oxidated product is characterized by a distonic radical cation due to the fact that one-electron oxidation takes place on glycinamide fragment and a proton has been transferred from glycinamide to formamidine fragment spontaneously. As a result, the vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials for the neutral double H-bonded complex have been determined to be about 8.46 and 7.73 eV, respectively, where both of them have been reduced by about 0.79 and 0.87 eV relative to those of isolated glycinamide due to the formation of the intermolecular H-bond with formamidine. Finally, the differences between model system and adenine-thymine base pair have been discussed briefly.

长白山阔叶—红松林主要树种对高浓度CO_2的响应

以长白山阔叶—红松林主要树种为材料 ,盆栽于模拟自然光照和人工调节CO2 浓度4 0 0 μmol/mol、 70 0 μmol/mol下两个生长季节 ,高浓度CO2 下生长的 8种供试树种光合速度比对照组的幼树提高 2 9 4 0 %～ 58 39%。通过对高浓度CO2 下幼树光合作用动态变化的研究 ,发现经长期在高浓度CO2 下生长的供试 8个树种均表现出随时间的延长树木叶片光合速度失去原有在高浓度CO2 下出现的光合优势

长白山自然保护区历史森林景观的初步重建

本文在对环境因子 (包括年均温、年降水量、海拔高度、坡度和坡向 )进行空间表达的基础上 ,建立了长白山自然保护区当前森林景观垂直带 (包括阔叶红松林、云冷杉林、岳桦林和苔原 )与这些环境因子间的逻辑斯蒂回归模型 ,然后利用 1 997年各环境因子的空间数字面来反推 1 975年森林景观带的空间分布 ,并根据 1 975年MSS遥感影像计算机监督分类的结果 ,用Kappa指数对模型预测结果进行验证。结果表明 ,苔原、岳桦林、云冷杉林和阔叶红松林 1 975年的预测分布面积分别为 72 4 3.83hm2 、65 1 7.0 8hm2 、1 2 5 5 70 .1 6hm2 和 342 64.80hm2 ,与遥感分类结果相比 ,苔原和云冷杉林的面积分别减少了 2 9.0 4 %和 3.0 5 %;岳桦林和阔叶红松林的面积分别增加了 2 4 6.45 %和 8.6%。用逻辑斯蒂回归模型可以较好地预测苔原在保护区内的分布范围 ,同时在一定程度上也能预测阔叶红松林的分布范围 ,但是对岳桦林和云冷杉林分布范围的预测结果较差。尽管如此 ,作为一种方法性的探讨 ,本文可以为森林景观空间分布和环境因子变化的关系以及森林景观对气候变化的反应研究提供一种新思路。

东北草甸棕壤的零电荷点和界面酸-碱反应特征平衡常数

分别采用电势滴定(Potentiometric titration)法,质量滴定(Mass titration)法和惰性电解质滴定(Inert electrolyte titra-tion)法测定了荷结构负电荷的东北草甸棕壤的零净电荷点(PZNC),研究表明荷结构负电荷的土壤依然存在与电解质浓度无关的零净电荷点,三种方法的实验结果分别为2.9,5.0和3.3.相比较而言,电势滴定法和惰性电解质滴定法的结果相近,而质量滴定法的结果偏高.对文献中推算表面质子活性位密度(Ns)的方法进行了改进,得到东北草甸棕壤样品的Ns为2.5 mmol·g-1.根据实验测定的pHPZNC,Ns和结构电荷密度(σst)值直接计算得出东北草甸棕壤样品的界面反应特征平衡常数即1-pK模型中的pK,2-pK模型中pKain1t和pKain2t,分别为3.37,2.42和4.32,与文献报道的沉积物和蒙脱土的值相吻合.

固定化微生物菌种的筛选与鉴定

以菲、芘作为降解对象 ,对多种菌株进行筛选 ,从中挑选出降解率最高的两株菌 ,细菌和真菌各一株 ,并对其生长曲线进行测定 ,为菌种的固定化提供了一定的依据。同时对菌种进一步鉴定 ,细菌为动胶杆菌 (Zoogloeasp .) ,在 72h内对菲、芘的降解率为 87 82 %和 4 9 2 2 % ;真菌为镰刀菌 (Fuariumsp .) ,在 2 16h内对菲、芘的降解率为 93 32 %和 96 2 9%。

基于TM影像和统计分析的林分参数估测研究(英文)

林业研究中的主要兴趣点之一在于通过经验或半经验模型建立林分参数与遥感影像数据间的相互关系来估测林分参数。基于覆盖美国佛罗里达州东北Duval县的遥感数据和两块样地清查数据,论文探讨了所选林分参数与TM影像光谱DN值间的相关性。相关性分析结果表明,单波段或植被指数对林分参数的解释能力低于50%,为此构建了林分参数与影像多波段间多元回归模型来估测林分参数。预测结果通过另一组数据验证,除林分密度外,其它参数估测可信度达75%以上。论文最后探讨了预测模型不足和需改进的地方,并指出该研究有助于更好地理解影像光谱值和林分参数间的关系。图1表2参9。

基于线性混合像元分解的沈阳市三环内城市植被盖度变化

基于2001和2006年Landsat TM影像,通过线性混合像元分解(linear spectral unmix-ing,LSU)方法提取沈阳市三环内的植被盖度信息,结合目视解译2006年QuickBird影像得到的研究区土地利用类型图,分析了2001—2006年研究区植被盖度的动态.结果表明:2001—2006年,研究区植被盖度变化剧烈,绿化建设和由城市扩张导致的农田占用现象并存,且前者的植被增加超过后者的植被损失;研究区道路、居住区、公共设施用地、公共绿地及广场的植被盖度均有不同程度的增加(5%~9%),工业用地几乎没有变化;研究区绿化建设格局比较合理,城区内外植被盖度的两极分化现象虽依然存在,但已得到缓解;研究期间,该区主要地类植被盖度随距市中心距离而递增的顺序为公共绿地及广场(0.8%.km-1)<居住区(1.5%.km-1)<工业用地(1.7%.km-1)<公共设施用地(2.4%.km-1)<道路(2.9%.km-1);公共设施用地和道路植被盖度两极分化现象依然较严重,需加强绿化建设并严格管理.

The comparative estimation of phytoplanktonic, microphytobenthic and macrophytobenthic primary production in the oceans

The contributions of the planktonic unicellular algae [phytoplankton), the benthic unicellular algae [microphytobenthos) and the benthic multicellular algae (macrophytobenthos) to the primary production of the world ocean are evaluated, together with the respective limitations regarding data, concepts and methods. The use of “free-water” methods (e.g. in situ oxygen or CO2 budgets) is recommended in complement to the more specific measurements on enclosed organisms. For phytoplankton, a previous estimate of 30 . lo9 t C y-’ is retained as a minimal estimate. Earlier estimates of the world benthic production have been based on indirect calculations; revised estimates are suggested here which still lack precision but rely on the actual measurements available at present. Primary production of the micro- and macrobenthic algae amount to 50 and 375 g C m-? y-’ respectively as averages for the whole photic layer they can colonize, and total 2.9 . 10‘ t C y-’ for the world ocean. Thus, benthic algae contribute some 10% of the total marine primary production. On the continental shelf alone, the contributions of benthic and planktonib algae are commensurate and nearly equivalent.

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Bismuth-Coated and Uncoated Carbon Microdisk Electrodes:Application to Trace Metals Analysis in Flood Samples

This article reports on the performance of a bismuth-coated carbon microdisk electrode (BiFμE) for the determination of trace heavy metals by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The BiFμE was prepared by electrodeposition of a metallic bismuth film onto the microdisk, by applying an in-situ electroplating procedure. To test the performance of the BiFμE, ASV measurements were performed on synthetic solutions containing Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ as target ions. The results indicated that cadmium and lead gave well-defined ASV peaks with no interference, and their quantitative determination could be carried out straightforwardly. In particular, linear calibration curves over the range 5.0 x 10-8-1.0 x 10-6M for both ions, and detection limits of 7.8 and 2.9 nM, for cadmium and lead, respectively, after applying a 60 sec preconcentration step, were obtained. The reproducibility was also satisfactory, the relative standard deviation (RSD) being within 2.5% for both ions. Copper, instead, gave an ASV response that. in most experimental conditions, overlapped with that of bismuth. This circumstance made the determination of copper at the BiFμE difficult. Since the latter element could be detected reliably at the uncoated carbon microdisk electrode (CμE), both BiFμE and CμE were employed, respectively, for the determination of lead and copper ions in drinking water, wine, and tomato sauce.