古海水pH值代用指标――海洋碳酸盐硼同位素研究进展

IEECAS SKLLQG

Determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides based on enzyme inhibition using a pH-sensitive fluorescence probe

A flow injection system for the determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides is described. A sensitive fluorescence probe was synthesized and used as the pH indicator to detect the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACNE). The percentage inhibition of enzyme activity is correlated to the pesticide concentration. Several parameters influencing the performance of the system are discussed. The detection limits of 3.5, 50, 12 and 25 mug/l for carbofuran, carbaryl, paraoxon and dichlorvos, in pure water, respectively were achieved with an incubation time of 10 min. A complete cycle of analysis, including incubation time, took 14 min. The detection system has been applied to the determination of carbofuran in spiked vegetable juices (Chinese cabbage and cole), achieving recovery values between 93.2 and 107% for Chinese cabbage juice and 108 and 118% for cole juice at the different concentration levels assayed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

pH值、碱类型及预停留时间对铁砷共沉淀物长期稳定性的影响

Fe(Ⅲ)-As(Ⅴ)共沉淀法作为一种经济的除砷方法,被广泛应用于处理有色冶金含砷废水。为防止处理后的含砷废渣二次污染,必须进一步研究其稳定性。本文通过室内模拟实验,研究了不同pH值、碱类型及在pH4条件下的预停留时间等对铁砷共沉淀物稳定性的影响。结果表明,在pH4条件下,共沉淀物稳定性最好;在pH4条件下延长预停留时间能增强砷的稳定程度;使用石灰或添加Ca2+明显增加了共沉淀物中砷的稳定性。

Vc二步发酵中Na~+、Ca~(++)及pH对巨大芽孢杆菌生长作用的影响

200mmol/LNa＋可导致对数生长期末期巨大芽孢杆菌的自溶，而这种自溶作用能被Ca＋＋抑制；在对数生长期后期，200mmol/LNa＋＋可使菌体提前到达稳定期；在衰亡期，200mmol/LNa＋能抑制菌体的衰亡。pH6.0可导致对数生长期末期菌体的自溶，pH6.0或pH6.4能明显的抑制衰亡期菌体的衰亡。

保护地土壤盐分积累及其离子组成对土壤pH值的影响

在沈阳市于洪地区采集保护地土壤样品,测定土壤盐分含量、离子组成和土壤pH值,研究保护地土壤盐分积累及其与土壤pH值变化的关系。结果表明:(1)保护地土壤的盐分含量和电导率均明显高于露地土壤,露地土壤平均盐分含量为0.29 g/kg,改为保护地10年左右土壤的平均含盐量上升至1.56 g/kg,相应的电导率(EC)值达到0.53 mS/cm,已超过作物的生育障碍临界点(EC>0.50 mS/cm);(2)保护地土壤酸化趋势明显,建成保护地栽培蔬菜6年,土壤pH值从6.5降低至5.5以下,超过了蔬菜出现生理障碍的临界土壤pH值(5.52),保护地土壤酸化与土壤的次生盐渍化已成为限制当地保护地生产可持续发展的重要因素;(3)保护地土壤NO3-、SO42-、Cl-和Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+等盐基离子含量均较露地土壤大大增加,但HCO3-低于露地土壤或与露地土壤持平,NO3-、SO42-数量与土壤pH值下降关系密切,Ca2+、Na+在全盐中的相对比例下降也是导致土壤pH值下降的重要原因。

不同N素形态对落叶松苗木根/土界面pH值及养分有效性的影响

The effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus sources on pH and the availability of mineral nutrients in the root/soil interface of Larix gmelinii seedlings were studied by means of root-mat method. The results showed that the addition of NH~+_4-N decreased the pH in the root/soil interface, while the addition of NO~-_3-N increased the pH in contrast with the control treatment. The sort of the P sources and the distance from the root plane remarkably influenced the changes of pH in the root/soil interface induced by the addition of the nitrogen sources. Compared with the addition of only NH~+_4-N, the extent to which the pH in the root/soil interface decreased was obviously smaller when treated by NH~+_4-N and rock P. When treated with different P sources, the contents of available P in the root/soil interface were affected by the sort of the N sources. When treated with soluble P, the contents of the available P in the root/soil interface obviously increased for the addition of both NH~+_4-N and NO~-_3-N. When treated with rock P, the contents of the available P increased only in the area 0～3 mm from the root plane for NH~+_4-N, whereas the contents of available P in the root/soil interface changed little for NO~-_3-N. The results above showed that the protons excreted by the roots were the main driving force for the solution of the rock P in the root/soil interface. The availability of Fe in the root/soil interface increased as a result of acidity induced by the NH~+_4-N, whereas the availability of Fe in the root/soil interface decreased because of the pH increase induced by the NO_3~-_N. The effect of different N sources on the availability of Fe in the root/soil interface was also affected by the sort of P sources. The concentrations of P、Fe in the leaves remarkably differed when treated by different N、P sources and concentrations of the P、Fe in the root/soil interface were correlated to those in the leaves of the seedlings.

不同pH的酚酸溶液对杉木及萝卜幼苗生长的影响

通过四因素五水平的二次回归正交旋转试验设计 ,研究 pH值、肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草醛四个因素对杉木和萝卜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明 ,杉木幼苗的鲜重生长随酚酸溶液的pH值的增大而增加 ,而随肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香草醛浓度的增大而减小。比较 3种不同酚类物质对杉木幼苗生长的影响 ,肉桂酸对杉木幼苗生长的影响 >对羟基苯甲酸 >香草醛 ,且 pH值与肉桂酸之间 ;肉桂酸与香草醛之间 ;对羟基苯甲酸与香草醛之间的交互作用都达到显著水平。萝卜幼苗生长对不同pH的酚酸溶液的反应与杉木幼苗相类似 ,随酚酸溶液的pH值的增大而增加 ,而随肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香草醛浓度的增大而减小。但对羟基苯甲酸对萝卜幼苗生长的影响 >肉桂酸 >香草醛 ,酚酸溶液的 pH值与所有 3种酚酸之间的交互作用都达到显著水平 ;肉桂酸与香草醛的交互作用对萝卜幼苗生长的影响也达到F0 0 1水平显著。

Repeatedly usable immobilized pH gradient in a monolithic capillary column

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) were used to synthesize a monolithic capillary column containing reactive epoxy groups. Glutaraldehyde was introduced and linked to the monolith after a process of amination. An aqueous solution of commercial carrier ampholytes (CAs, Ampholine) was focused in such a polymer column. The primary amino groups of CAs reacted with glutaraldehyde along the capillary. CAs were immobilized at different positions in the column according to their isoelectric points (pl), resulting in a monolithic immobilized pH gradient (M-IPG). Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was performed without CAs in such an M-IPG column. Due to the covalent attachment of the CAs this M-IPG can be repeatedly used after its preparation. Good stability, linearity, and reproducibility were obtained.

不同培养基、pH值、水势和温度对2种外生菌根真菌生长的影响

在不同培养基、pH值、水势及温度条件下,研究了沙地樟子松林下2种常见外生菌根真菌松乳菇和高大环柄菇的生长。结果表明,在所选择的培养基上,2种菌株都能生长;高大环柄菇对pH值适应范围较广,在中性条件下生长最好,松乳菇在弱酸性条件下生长较好;温度对菌株生长影响较大,2种菌株最适生长温度范围均为25~28℃;极端水势条件下(-1500kPa),高大环柄菇和松乳菇均不能生长,低胁迫(-170kPa,-230kPa)能促进高大环柄菇和松乳菇的生长。

潮棕壤不同利用方式pH和Olsen-P的垂直变化特征

对潮棕壤4种土地利用方式经过14年后土壤pH和Olsen-P在0～150cm土体10个土层中的垂直分布情况进行的比较研究表明,不同利用方式下土壤pH和Olsen-P含量的剖面分布差异显著,说明不同利用方式对土壤pH和Olsen-P有较大影响。林地和撂荒地0～5cm土层pH分别为>7.0和6.5～7.0,玉米地0～20cm各土层土壤pH基本为6.0以下;20cm以下各土层中的pH,水稻田土壤呈微碱性,玉米地和撂荒地接近中性,林地呈微酸性。土体中Olsen-P平均含量为撂荒地>林地>水稻田>玉米地。水稻田和玉米地0～20cm的3个土层Olsen-P含量明显高于20～80cm的4个土层,表明耕地土壤由于施P肥而导致的P素表聚性;林地和撂荒地0～5cm土层的Olsen-P含量大大高于5～80cm的6个土层,这可能与林地和撂荒地的P素生物归还及基本不受人为扰动有关。4种土地利用方式下土壤各层次Olsen-P含量垂直分布的散点折线图呈现出较为相似的特征。80cm以下的3个土层Olsen-P含量接近或超过表层土壤,主要是受母质层相对较高的全P含量影响所致,也可能与地下水作用有关,不过具体原因还有待于进一步研究。