INFLUENCE OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) AS ORGANIC COSOLVENT ON LEACHING BEHAVIOR OF PCDD/FS FROM FLY-ASH AND SOIL

The leaching of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) was measured in soil and standard fly ash column eluted with pure water and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)- water. The data obtained were used to evaluate the leachability of PCDD/Fs from waste dump like incineration residual slag and fly ash deposition. The leaching rate was shown to be increased significantly by using LAS water. The leachate contents of PCDD/Fs were above their known water solubility. Concentration of PCDD/Fs in the leachates as well as the relative leaching (calculated on the fly ash content) increased with increasing chlorinating degree and decreasing water solubility. LAS above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) probably enhances PCDD/Fs solubility.

保水剂用量对土壤水分的影响

为确定保水剂的合理用量,于2008年5月在陕西米脂县进行保水剂不同用量玉米盆栽试验研究。盆栽试验设置了保水剂不同用量(0、30、40、50、60 g)五个处理及保水剂与风干黄绵土配比用量(0、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.30%)6个处理,分别研究了保水剂不同用量与土壤水势、土壤含水量的关系及对土壤持水时间的影响。试验结果表明,土壤含水量高(>18%)时各处理土壤水吸力十分接近,在土壤吸水力相同时,随着保水剂用量的提高其土壤含水量也随着提高;保水剂用量越大的处理玉米存活的时间也越长,0.20%和0.30%处理玉米存活时间较对照长3 d;综合分析表明本试验中保水剂与黄绵土配比0.20%和0.3%应用效果较好。

中国几种典型农田土壤磷素固液相分配规律

土壤养分、污染物的生物有效性与其固液相分配规律密切相关。本研究通过室内模拟试验,设置不同的水、热、肥条件和培养时间序列,采用高速离心法对红壤、黑土、潮土、黑垆土、塿土5种典型土壤的磷素固液相分配规律及其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,质地不同土壤磷素固液相分配系数(Kd)值差别很大,整体变化趋势是红壤>黑垆土>塿土>黑土>潮土。不同培养条件下土壤磷素固液相分配系数(Kd)值变化特征表现出随着培养时间延长,土壤磷素Kd值增大,土壤磷素生物有效性逐渐降低。水吸力、浓度与之相反,随着水吸力的增加土壤磷素Kd值变小,随着施入磷素浓度的增加而Kd值降低。在整个温度梯度中,当温度处于20￣25℃左右时,土壤磷素Kd值达到最小值,液相磷素含量相对增多,养分有效性增强。