联想启动效应及其脑机制研究

By now, there are still many unsolved questions about associative priming. This study used process dissociation paradigm, perceptual identification task and speeded naming task,together with near infrared spectroscopy, to investigate priming for new associations and its brain mechanisms systematically. The results showed there was interaction between level of processing and unitization in affecting associative priming. When comparing with shallow encoding unrelated word pairs, the activation of both sides of prefrontal lobe was stronger, which suggested prefrontal lobe had relations with memory for new associations. Medial temporal lobe and frontal lobe lesioned patients were tested respectively using methods of perceptual identification task and speeded naming task. Both brain regions participated in associative priming. Medial temporal lobe mediated unitization between unrelated items. Frontal lobe contributed to priming for new associations by elaborative processing, inhibiting irrelevant information, selective attending to tasks, and establishing some effective strategies. In addition, normal subjects needed to aware the relationship between study and test to form associative priming and densely memory deficit patients could not form memory for new associations. In conclusion, the results further demonstrated that perceptual representation system could not support priming for new associations alone. Medial temporal lobe and frontal lobe played roles in priming for new associations, and there was some relation between associative priming and conscious retrieval processing.

中文MMPI与MMPI－2效度量表及临床量表的比较研究

This study is aimed at examining the degree of the basic scales (validity scales and clinical scales) between The Chinese MMPI and MMPI-2. Four samples (include schizophrenia, affective disorder, neuroses and normal subjects) of 236 subjects completed MMPI/MMPI-2 Combined Questionnaires in groups. The concordance rate for total code types was 90.1%. For 1-point, 2-point, 3-point and elevated code types, they were separately 81.6%, 65.8%, 49.2%, 64%. Only 56.8% of men compared to 73.8% of the women showed concordance in 2-ponit code types between MMPI and MMPI-2. And 58% of normal subjects compared to 48% of the schizophrenia subjects showed concordance in 3-point code types. Of the 236 cases, 156 (66.1%) had code types that were "well-defined" (1-, 2- or 3-point). 1-point, 2-point, 3-point well-defined code types respectively were 38.6%, 29.7%, 21.6%. For 2-point code types which were well-defined, the concordances was 84.3%, 82.8%, 85.7% (all the cases, men, women), higher than 64.4%, 56.8%, 72.9% when they were free-defined. 96.4% of subjects with incongruent 2-point code types had one of the scales in their MMPI code types with MMPI-2 code types. When deference caused by the use of uniform T-scores and new norms in MMPI-2 were found, the differences typically in code types congruence were not very great. Comparison of mean scores for the validity and clinical scales, 7 raw scores and 12 T-scores showed significant difference for MMPI versus MMPI-2 (Form). In spite of significant mean differences, correlational analyses show correlations above 0.92 for the raw scores and T-scores for each gender. All these results showed the good consistence between MMPI and MMPI-2 in basic scales, and showed MMPI-2 should be studied deeply.

聋童与正常儿童中文阅读信息加工过程的比较研究

Based upon the experiments showing three traits of Chinese characters as stimulus, the comparison has been made between the hearing-impaired and normal children in RT functions for the judgment involved in the verbal recording. The results show that the function of semantic code is more strongly correlated with recognition of Chinese character than the phonetic code and graphic code for both the hearing-impaired and normal children. For hearing-impaired children, a direct access that a semantic code is produced directly from the graphic code is observed. However, for normal children the strategly of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules to interpret the meaning of words is used. It's shown that no significant differences of mental processing has been found between the hearing-impaired and normal children. Perhaps both the direct access and the grapheme-phoneme conversion form a comprehensive information procession activating each other. In reading Chinese character, the hearing-impaired and normal children is significantly effected by stroke under and character frequency. It is found that the normal children have more depth processing in reading Chinese sentences than the hearing-impaired children.

Age-dependence of urinary normal and modified nucleosides in childhood as determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Modified nucleosides have been characterized as tumor markers for a number of malignant diseases. In order to use these markers in children, the age-dependence of the nucleoside levels in healthy children has to be established and taken into account in diagnostic decisions. In this study, the levels of 12 normal and modified nucleosides in urine of 166 healthy children and adolescents with an age between 1 day and 19 years are determined by reversed-phase HPLC, and age-dependent reference ranges are defined. The urinary nucleoside concentrations are related to the creatinine concentrations, which allows the use of randomly collected urine samples. All nucleoside levels in urine of children decrease with age, most pronounced during the first 4 years of life, and the age-dependence of the reference values of the individual nucleosides can be approximated by a mathematical function y = b(0) + b(1) (1/x) with the regression coefficients b(0) and b(1), the nucleoside levels y and the age x between 1 year and 19 years. In the very young children, the shifts in the nucleoside concentrations are more differentiated. Starting with low levels on the first day of life, the concentrations of all studied nucleosides rise up to an age of 1-2 months, when they reach their absolute maximum for all age periods, and then decrease. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.