东北黑土农田养分时空演变分析

通过东北黑土农田的广泛采样、化验分析,目前黑土农田有机质含量平均为33.9 g kg-1,全氮1.91 g kg-1,速效磷24.85 mg kg-1,速效钾159.95 mg kg-1。1979年~2002年期间黑土农田土壤有机质下降了3.76 g kg-1~4.14 g kg-1,平均每年下降0.16 g kg-1~0.18 g kg-1;而土壤速效磷含量大幅度上升,已是原来1979年的2倍以上,23年里土壤速效磷上升了12.66 mg kg-1~14.66 mg kg-1,平均每年上升0.55 mg kg-1~0.64 mg kg-1。认为土壤速效磷是过去的20多年里人为生产活动改变最大的肥力因子,其他土壤养分指标的空间分布有较明显的地带性,存在显著的空间变异,尤其是土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮与地理纬度高程度相关,受气候等自然因素影响较大。

黄土丘陵固原上黄试区土地利用结构演变过程分析

利用1980~2004年土地资源变化调查数据,分析了上黄试区土地利用变化及演变过程。结果表明:耕地和林地变化最为显著,主要表现为耕地向林地、草地及园地的转变。引起这一转变的因素是多方面的,主要有人口增长、比较利益及国家宏观政策等因素。上黄试区今后应结合当地自然和社会经济条件,大力发展特色农业,提高政策因素对土地的宏观控制能力,使土地利用向高效型、生态型及集约型发展;进行人力资本投资,重新协调人地关系,保障退耕的成果及后续产业的培养和发展。

杉木连栽土壤对其幼树生长的影响

在会同林区采用３种不同连栽杉木次数的土壤，进行杉木幼树盆栽试验．结果表明，杉木连栽不利其幼树生长．连裁使幼树高生长下降３７—４０％，基径下降１９—２８％，冠幅下降２１—２９％，总生物量减少４５—５０％．杉木连栽还造成土壤养分递减，即腐殖质减少７—２８％，速效养分下降２３—２８％，土壤微生物数量和活性也大大降低．因此，杉木纯林连栽经营方式应尽快改变．

沈阳满堂河污水处理厂最佳回流比与曝气量研究

检测代表性的5个水质指标:氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(T-P)、化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD5)、固体悬浮物(SS)的去除率,确定沈阳市满堂河污水处理厂最佳的污泥回流比与最佳曝气量.结果表明:回流比为75%,曝气量为34 kg/h时,各指标的去除率达到最大,即污水处理的效果最佳.

湿地养分截留功能的空间模拟Ⅰ.模型的概念和方法

运用河口湿地来削减氮磷入海通量 ,防止近海水体富营养化。首先对辽河三角洲湿地净化系统进行了理论分析 ,并建立了相应的概念模型 ,然后依靠野外实验数据 ,为湿地的营养物去除功能建立了一个空间模型。该模型包括两大部分 :一是灌渠子系统 ,二是苇田子系统。前者使用的是一个非线性回归模型 ,后者则是以百分率为基础的简单模型。该模型在个别灌区试运行后 ,推广到整个苇田研究区

污水生态处理技术体系与展望

对污水的生态处理原理进行扼要论述 ,对污水的生态处理技术体系进行较为全面地概括 ,并就目前的应用条件与适用范围进行了阐述 ,在简要回顾污水的生态处理技术发展历史的基础上对该领域今后的发展趋势进行了展望 ,以推进污水生态处理系统的技术创新和在我国各地区的广泛应用 ,为全面实施污水处理与水资源综合利用相结合的污水无害化与资源化战略提供科学依据与技术支撑

聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯/聚琥珀酸丁二酯/邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯共混体系的研究

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯(PPC)/聚琥珀酸丁二酯(PBS)共混物和PPC/PBS/DAOP(邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯)增塑共混物,对共混物的相容性、热性能、结晶性和物理机械性能进行了初步研究.研究结果表明PPC/PBS共混物为不相容体系,PPC对PBS的结晶度影响很小;PBS的加入提高了共混物的起始热分解温度(Td-5%),当共混物中PBS含量从10%增加到90%时,共混物的Td-5%可分别增加15℃到59℃.DAOP对PPC/PBS共混物有增塑作用,当PPC/PBS/DAOP的比例从30/70/0变化到30/70/30时,共混物玻璃化转变温度(Tg)下降了36.9℃.与PPC/PBS共混物相比,组成优化的DAOP增塑共混物PPC/PBS/DAOP(PPC/PBS/DAOP=30/70/5)的断裂伸长率和断裂能最大可提高31倍和34倍,分别达到655.1%和3.4 J/...

石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺蜂窝的研究

研究聚酰亚胺胶粘剂的结构与性能,蜂窝复合材料的高低温压缩性能。结果表明:聚酰亚胺胶粘剂具有较高的高低温拉伸搭接剪切强度,室温和200℃的搭接剪切强度分别为24.64MPa和18.36MPa,满足蜂窝芯材的粘接性能;石英纤维增强的聚酰亚胺蜂窝复合材料400℃压缩强度和压缩模量分别为1.72MPa和27.22MPa。

Synthesis of dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) corn starch

Dodecenly succinic anhydride (DDSA) starches were prepared commercially by the base catalyzed reaction of DDSA in pre-emulsion with starch granular in aqueous slurry. The results indicated that the degree of substitution and reaction efficiency were 0.0256% and 42.7%, respectively, at the parameters for the preparation of DDSA starches in starch slurry 30%, DDSA/starch radio 10% (wt/wt), pH 8.5-9.0, reaction temperature 313 K. After modification, product surface chemical composite had been changed which was prone to migrate into less polar solution. The chemical structural characteristics were investigated by methods of FTIR and H-1 NMR. The results of X-ray diffraction showed the native A-type crystalline pattern, indicating that reaction of corn starch with DDSA caused no change in the crystalline structure. Compared to native starch, the hydrophobic performance of esters was greatly increased. With the DS increasing, contact angles were gradually increased, however, the adhesion works were decreased. The maximum contact angle of DDSA starch could attend to 123 degrees, and the corresponding adhesion work was 33.2 mJ m(-2).

高性能Ｍg-RE基合金研究进展

采用铸造或压铸的方法制备了系列Mg-RE 基合金,研究了合金的组织、时效过程和力学性能.结果表明,各种Mg-RE合金的微观组织、相组成以及力学性能既有相似之处也有明显差别,合金的相组成由a-Mg 以及Mg-Gd 基合金中加入其它稀土元素,可有效改善合金的时效硬化特性和提高合金的力学性能.合金性能的提高主要与时效过程中生成的镁稀土化合物强化相有关.

Formation of nonextinct ring-banded textures and multistacked lamella of tetra-aniline-block-poly(L-lactide) rod-coil diblock oligomer films induced by solvent vapor treatment

The self-assembly processes of the rod-coil diblock oligomer thin film of tetra-aniline (TANI)-block-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) with different film thicknesses induced in the coil-selective solvent of acetone vapor at room temperature were studied. The morphologies of the oligomer films were determined by the film thickness. For the thicker film (232 nm), the nonextinct concentric ring-banded textures could form. While for the thinner and appropriate film (about 6 nm), multistacked diamond-shaped appearances with the periodic thickness being about 8.5 nm(6-nm-thick extended PLLA chain and 2.5-nm-thick p-pi conjugating TANI bimolecular layer) formed. The possible formation models of those two regular morphologies were presented in detail.

Spectra and long-lasting properties of Sm3+-doped yttrium oxysulfide phosphor

We reported, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the Sm3+ -doped yttriurn oxysulfide phosphors has reddish orange long-lasting phosphorescence. The phosphor show prominent luminescence in reddish orange due to the electronic transitions of (4)G(5/2) --> H-6(J) (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2), the afterglow color of this type of phosphors is a mixture of the three above mentioned electronic transition emissions and have a little different when the concentration of the Sm3+ dopant changes. Synthesis procedure of the Sm3+-yttrium oxysulfide reddish orange phosphor through the flux fusion method with binary flux compositions was presented. The synthesized phosphors were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to interpret the structural characterization. The XRD analysis result reveal that the Y2O2S:Sm3+ phosphor synthesized with a binary flux composition containing (S and Na2CO3 at a ratio of 1: 1 at 30 wt.% of total raw material) at 1050degreesC for 3 h was in single-phase. Luminescence properties of the Y2O2S:Sm3+ long-lasting phosphor was analyzed by measuring the excitation spectra, emission spectra and afterglow decay curve. The mechanism of the strong afterglow from Y2O2S:Sm3+ was also discussed in this paper.