安睡伴侣软胶囊中丁香酚含量测定方法研究

安睡伴侣软胶囊由纯天然传统藏药(包括丁香、肉豆蔻、胡椒、阿魏等6味药材)组方，经超临界CO2萃取其中的挥发油等活性成分后精制而成，具有安神、催眠、抗惊厥等保健功效，无毒副作用。丁香酚是安睡伴侣软胶囊中稳定的、有代表性的功效成分，目前测定药材药品中丁香酚含量的方法主要有液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱法(GC)等。本试验建立了安睡伴侣软胶囊中丁香酚含量的气相色谱和液相色谱测定方法，采用这2种方法测试了5个批次的安睡伴侣软胶囊样品，并将2种方法的测定结果进行了对比。经数据统计分析(配对t检验)显示，HPLC法和GC法所得结果没有显著性差异，2种方法均可满足常规检验要求，都可以作为本制剂的质量检验方法。

草地生态系统中物种多样性、群落稳定性和生态系统功能的关系

自20世纪70年代前,人们相信多样性比较高的群落增加生态系统的稳定性, 到倾向于物种多样性与生态系统稳定性关系的探讨至近20年间,生物多样性与生态系统功能的关系及其内在机制成为生态和环境科学的中心问题.多样性的变化始终与生态系统功能的重要表现形式--生产力密切相关,同时也与许多其他影响生产力的因素相关.人们对于这一重大课题的认识不断有新的进展,同时争论的观点也不断延伸.1)考虑空间类型来揭示由环境因子引起的多样性与生产力之间的相关性;2)考虑时间尺度上物种多样性-生态系统的功能;3)非生物因素(放牧干扰、土壤养分)等环境因子、物种多样性动态和生态系统功能之间的交互作用的实验研究不断开展;4)在注重提高资源利用率的同时,应注意引起资源的过度开采,导致生物多样性的丧失,从而降低系统生产力.

青藏公路取土场高寒草原植被的恢复进程

按照青藏公路建设和整修的不同阶段，利用样方调查植被空间分布变化，得出高寒草原植被的自然演替进程遵循以下规律。在工程结束2年，8年，26年后，群落植被覆盖度和生物多样性指标分别达到原生植被的2％～4％，6％一23％；32％～54％，46％~50％：95％以上和100％左右．青藏公路沿线高寒草原植被的人为破坏影响是明显的，植被的自然恢复需要20年左右的时间．工程建设破坏面积大于1500m~2，植被难以恢复，土壤沙化和水土流失，影响周边地区生态环境质量．因此，在青藏铁路工程建设中首先应当减少对地形地貌的破坏，其次应当重视对地表土壤的保护并辅助人工植被恢复措施，促进植被的自然恢复．

实施不育后高原鼠兔攻击行为及激素水平变化的研究

在高原鼠兔的繁殖盛期选定怀孕雌鼠和发情雄鼠各20 只, 采用所选雌性不育剂和雄性不育剂的半不育剂量分别对10 只雌鼠和10 只雄鼠进行处理, 通过室内雌雌、雌雄、雄雄配对实验对20 只处理个体和20 只对照个体的攻击行为进行了研究, 同时对其生殖激素的水平进行了测定。结果表明: (1) 不育处理后, 雌雄动物的活动性降低, 亲昵行为持续的时间增加, 攻击行为及防御行为持续的时间和发生频次明显低于对照组个体；(2) 在各组内, 雌雄动物均具有相同的攻击水平； 同性动物之间的攻击性明显比异性动物之间高； (3) 当动物相遇后, 首先表现出高的攻击性和防御性, 而相互熟悉后, 对照组内个体的攻击性和防御性又有增加, 而处理组内个体以亲昵为主；(4) 在攻击行为中, 对照组个体以进攻为主, 首次相遇以进攻和追逐成分最多, 而后转变为进攻姿态；处理组个体以进攻或进攻姿态为主, 首次相遇则同时表现出高的进攻、进攻姿态和追逐, 尔后三种成分均有降低；(5) 处理组内雌雄动物体重下降, 但卵巢重和睾丸重与对照组个体比较没有差异, 雄性处理个体睾丸组织中睾酮含量明显下降, 而血液中睾酮、雌二醇及孕酮含量与对照个体基本相同; 雌性处理个体血液中睾酮、雌二醇及孕酮含量均低于对照个体。以上结果表明, 对高原鼠兔实施不育处理后, 激素水平的变化可能引起攻击行为的变化, 而攻击行为的变化可能使等级、社群结构和婚配制发生变化, 从而影响动物的繁殖状态。

中国大中型气田天然气成藏物理化学模拟研究

Natural gas pays more important role in the society as clean fuel. Natural gas exploration has been enhanced in recent years in many countries. It also has prospective future in our country through "85" and "95" national research. Many big size gas fields have been discovered in different formations in different basins such as lower and upper Paleozoic in Erdos basin, Tertiary system in Kuche depression in Tarim basin, Triassic system in east of Sichuan basin. Because gas bearing basins had been experienced multiple tectogenesis. The characteristics of natural gases usually in one gas field are that they have multiple source rocks and are multiple maturities and formed in different ages. There has most difficult to research on the gas-rock correlation and mechanism of gas formation. Develop advanced techniques and methods and apply them to solve above problems is necessary. The research is focused on the critical techniques of geochemistry and physical simulation of gas-rock correlation and gas formation. The lists in the following are conclusions through research and lots of experiments. I 8 advanced techniques have been developed or improved about gas-rock correlation and gas migration, accumulation and formation. A series of geochemistry techniques has been developed about analyzing inclusion enclave. They are analyzing gas and liquid composition and biomarker and on-line individual carbon isotope composition in inclusion enclave. These techniques combing the inclusion homogeneous temperature can be applied to study on gas-rock correlation directly and gas migration, filling and formation ages. Technique of on-line determination individual gas carbon isotope composition in kerogen and bitumen thermal pyrolysis is developed. It is applied to determine the source of natural is kerogen thermal degradation or oil pyrolysis. Method of on-line determination individual gas carbon isotope composition in rock thermal simulation has being improved. Based on the "95"former research, on-line determination individual gas carbon isotope composition in different type of maceral and rocks thermal pyrolys is has been determined. The conclusion is that carbon isotope composition of benzene and toluene in homogenous texture kerogen thermal degradation is almost same at different maturity. By comparison, that in mixture type kerogen thermal pyrolysis jumps from step to step with the changes of maturity. This conclusion is a good proof of gas-rock dynamic correlation. 3. Biomarker of rock can be determined directly through research. It solves the problems such as long period preparing sample, light composition losing and sample contamination etc. It can be applied to research the character of source rock and mechanism of source rock expulsion and the path of hydrocarbon migration etc. 4. The process of hydrocarbon dynamic generation in source rock can be seen at every stage applying locating observation and thermal simulation of ESEM. The mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in source rock is discussed according to the experiments. This technique is advanced in the world. 5. A sample injection system whose character is higher vacuum, lower leaks and lower blank has been built up to analyze inert gas. He,Ar,Kr and Xe can be determined continuously on one instrument and one injection. This is advanced in domestic. 7. Quality and quantity analysis of benzene ring compounds and phenolic compounds and determination of organic acid and aqueous gas analysis are applied to research the relationship between compounds in formation water and gas formation. This is another new idea to study the gas-rock correlation and gas formation. 8. Inclusion analysis data can be used to calculate the Paleo-fluid density, Paleo-geothermal gradient and Paleo-geopressure gradient and then to calculate the Paleo-fluid potential. It's also a new method to research the direction of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. 9. Equipment of natural gas formation simulation is produced during the research to probe how the physical properties of rock affect the gas migration and accumulation and what efficiency of gas migrate and factors of gas formation and the models of different type of migration are. II study is focused on that if the source rocks of lower Paleozoic generated hydrocarbon and what the source rocks of weathered formation gas pool and the mechanism of gas formation are though many advanced techniques application. There are four conclusions. 1.The maturity of Majiagou formation source rocks is higher in south than that in north. There also have parts of the higher maturity in middle and east. Anomalous thermal pays important role in big size field formation in middle of basin. 2. The amount of gas generation in high-over maturity source rocks in lower Paleozoic is lager than that of most absorption of source rocks. Lower Paleozoic source rocks are effective source rocks. Universal bitumen exists in Ordovician source rocks to prove that Ordovician source rocks had generated hydrocarbon. Bitumen has some attribution to the middle gas pool formation. 3. Comprehensive gas-rock correlation says that natural gases of north, west, south of middle gas field of basin mainly come from lower Paleozoic source rocks. The attribution ratio of lower Paleozoic source rocks is 60%-70%. Natural gases of other areas mainly come from upper Paleozoic. The attribution ratio of upper Paleozoic source rocks is 70%. 4. Paleozoic gases migration phase of Erdos basin are also interesting. The relative abundance of gasoline aromatic is quite low especially toluene that of which is divided by that of methyl-cyclohexane is less than 0.2 in upper Paleozoic gas pool. The migration phase of upper Paleozoic gas may be aqueous phase. By comparison, the relative abundance of gasoline aromatic is higher in lower Paleozoic gas. The distribution character of gasoline gas is similar with that in source rock thermal simulation. The migration phase of it may be free phase. IH Comprehensive gas-rock correlation is also processed in Kuche depression Tarim basin. The mechanism of gas formation is probed and the gas formation model has been built up. Four conclusions list below. 1. Gases in Kuche depression come from Triassic-Jurassic coal-measure source rocks. They are high-over maturity. Comparatively, the highest maturity area is Kelasu, next is Dabei area, Yinan area. 2. Kerogen thermal degradation is main reason of the dry gas in Kuche depression. Small part of dry gas comes from oil pyrolysis. VI 3.The K12 natural gas lays out some of hydro-gas character. Oil dissolved in the gas. Hydro-gas is also a factor making the gas drier and carbon isotope composition heavier. 4. The mechanism and genesis of KL2 gas pool list as below. Overpressure has being existed in Triassic-Jurassic source rocks since Keche period. Natural gases were expulsed by episode style from overpressure source rocks. Hetero-face was main migration style of gas, oil and water at that time. The fluids transferred the pressure of source rocks when they migrated and then separated when they got in reservoir. After that, natural gas migrated up and accumulated and formed with the techno-genesis. Tectonic extrusion made the natural gas overpressure continuously. When the pressure was up to the critical pressure, the C6-C7 composition in natural gas changed. The results were that relative abundance of alkane and aromatic decreased while cycloalkane and isoparaffin increased. There was lots of natural gas filling during every tectonic. The main factors of overpressure of natural gas were tectonic extrusion and fluid transferring pressure of source rocks. Well preservation was also important in the KL2 gas pool formation. The reserves of gas can satisfy the need of pipeline where is from west to east. IV A good idea of natural gas migration and accumulation modeling whose apparent character is real core and formation condition is suggested to model the physical process of gas formation. Following is the modeling results. 1. Modeling results prove that the gas accumulation rule under cap layer and gas fraction on migration path. 2. Natural gas migration as free phase is difficult in dense rock. 3. Natural gases accumulated easily in good physical properties reservoirs where are under the plugging layer. Under the condition of that permeability of rock is more than 1 * 10~(-3)μm~(-1), the more better the physical properties and the more bigger pore of rock, the more easier the gas accumulation in there. On the contrary, natural gas canonly migrate further to accumulate in good physical properties of rock. 4. Natural gas migrate up is different from that down. Under the same situation, the amount of gas migration up is lager than that of gas migration down and the distance of migration up is 3 times as that of migration down. 5. After gas leaks from dense confining layer, the ability of its dynamic plug-back decreased apparently. Gas lost from these arils easily. These confining layer can confine again only after geology condition changes. 6. Water-wetted and capillary-blocking rocks can't block water but gases generally. The result is that water can migrate continuously through blocking rocks but the gases stay under the blocking rocks then form in there. The experiments have proved the formation model of deep basin gas.

西南喀斯特流域碳酸盐岩的硫酸侵蚀与碳循环

流域化学侵蚀及其速率与流域生态和环境之间的关系是当前地表地球化学研究的重要前沿领域，其中碳酸盐岩的硫酸风化机制及其与区域碳循环的关系则是科学家们最为关注的科学问题。因此，近年通过研究西南喀斯特流域地表水地球化学对这一科学问题进行了研究，发现西南喀斯特地区河水一般含有较多的SO42-，从化学计量学、SO42-和δ34S和溶解无机碳(DIC)的δ13C分析发现，硫循环中形成的硫酸广泛参与了流域碳酸盐矿物的溶解和流域侵蚀：西南喀斯特流域碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率为97 t／(km2·a)，消耗CO2量为25 t／(km ·a)。对乌江流域河水硫酸盐离子的硫同位素研究结果认为：参与流域侵蚀的硫酸主要来自煤系地层硫化物和矿床硫化物的氧化及大气酸沉降，分别对河水SO42-的贡献为50％、27％和20．5％(其余2．5％的SO42-为硫酸盐蒸发岩的溶解)；硫酸风化碳酸盐岩向大气净释放CO2的总通量为8．2 t／(km ·a)，依此计算西南喀斯特区域向大气释放CO2的通量为4．4×10 g／a，相当于每年西南碳酸盐岩风化消耗CO2总通量的33％。将乌江流域的研究结果对我国大陆碳酸盐岩分布区域进行相应计算发现，硫酸风化碳酸盐矿物向大气释放的CO2总通量为28×10 g／a，相当于全球硅酸盐风化消耗CO2量的26％ 。硫酸参与流域侵蚀改变了区域碳循环，人为过程可以通过释放酸沉降、矿业活动和土地利用等形式加速流域侵蚀和影响流域元素的生物地球化学循环。

西南喀斯特流域碳酸盐岩的硫酸侵蚀与碳循环

流域化学侵蚀及其速率与流域生态和环境之间的关系是当前地表地球化学研究的重要前沿领域，其中碳酸盐岩的硫酸风化机制及其与区域碳循环的关系则是科学家们最为关注的科学问题。因此，近年通过研究西南喀斯特流域地表水地球化学对这一科学问题进行了研究，发现西南喀斯特地区河水一般含有较多的SO4^2-，从化学计量学、SO4^2-的占δ^34S和溶解无机碳（DIC）的δ^13C分析发现，硫循环中形成的硫酸广泛参与了流域碳酸盐矿物的溶解和流域侵蚀：西南喀斯特流域碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率为97t／（km^2·a），消耗COz量为25t／（km^2·a）。对乌江流域河水硫酸盐离子的硫同位素研究结果认为：参与流域侵蚀的硫酸主要来自煤系地层硫化物和矿床硫化物的氧化及大气酸沉降，分别对河水SO4^2-的贡献为50％、27％和20．5％（其余2．5％的SO4^2-为硫酸盐蒸发岩的溶解）；硫酸风化碳酸盐岩向大气净释放CO2的总通量为8．2t／（km^2·a），依此计算西南喀斯特区域向大气释放CO2的通量为4．4×10^12g／a，相当于每年西南碳酸盐岩风化消耗CO2总通量的33％。将乌江流域的研究结果对我国大陆碳酸盐岩分布区域进行相应计算发现，硫酸风化碳酸盐矿物向大气释放的C02总通量为28×10^12g／a，相当于全球硅酸盐风化消耗CO2量的26％。硫酸参与流域侵蚀改变了区域碳循环，人为过程可以通过释放酸沉降、矿业活动和土地利用等形式加速流域侵蚀和影响流域元素的生物地球化学循环.

通过语言任务和功能磁共振成像研究人类小脑功能

Since the 19th century, people have long believed that the function of cerebellum was restricted to fine motor control and modulation. In the past two decades, however, more and more studies challenged this traditional view. While the neuroanatomy of the cerebellum from cellular to system level has been well documented, the functions of this neural organ remain poorly understood. This study, including three experiments, attempted to further the understanding of cerebellar functions from different viewpoints. Experiment One used the parametric design to control motor effects. The activation in cerebellum was found to be associated with the difficulty levels of a semantic discrimination task, suggesting the involvement of the cerebellum in higher level of language functions. Moreover, activation of the right posterior cerebellum was found to co-vary with that of the frontal cortex. Experiment Two adopted the cue-go paradigm and event-related design to exclude the effects of phonological and semantic factors in a mental writing task. The results showed that bilateral anterior cerebellum and cerebral motor regions were significantly activated during the task and the hemodynamic response of the cerebellum was similar to those of the cerebral motor cortex. These results suggest that the cerebellum participates in motor imagination during orthographic output. Experiment Three investigated the learning process of a verb generation task. While both lateral and vermis cerebellum were found to be activation in the task, each was correlated a separate set of frontal regions. More importantly, activations both in the cerebellum and frontal cortex decreased with the repetition of the task. These results indicate that the cerebellum and frontal cortex is jointly engaged in some functions; each serves as a part of a single functional system. Taken these findings together, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1.The cerebellum is not only involved in functions related to speech or articulation, but also participates in the higher cognitive functions of language. 2.The cerebellum participates in various functions by supporting the corresponding regions in cerebral cortex, but not directly executes the functions as an independent module. 3.The anterior part of cerebellum is related to motor functions, whereas the posterior part is involved in cognitive functions. 4.While the motor functions rely on the engagement of both sides of the cerebellar hemispheres, the higher cognitive functions mainly depend on the right cerebellum.

我国购彩者认知偏差和成瘾倾向量表编制及其关系探讨

我国彩票事业发展20年以来，随着电脑型彩票销量的迅速增长，由彩票引发的问题行为逐渐引起社会普遍关注。相关研究发现，认知偏差是问题购彩发展和维持的一个重要影响因素，本研究在编制适用于我国购彩者的认知偏差和成瘾倾向量表的基础上，考察购彩者的认知偏差以及认知偏差对成瘾倾向的影响作用。 研究结果如下： 1． 在购彩者深度访谈和文献查阅的基础上，编制购彩者认知偏差量表和成瘾倾向量表，经过项目分析、信效度分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析，结果显示各项指标基本符合统计学要求。 2． 行为分析和量表得分显示，我国电脑型彩票购买者存在一定程度的认知偏差，包括沉没成本、过度自信、关系错觉、控制幻想、赌徒谬误等等。 3． 认知偏差的高低与年龄、受教育程度、参与的游戏种类、购彩经历、购彩动机等因素有关。年龄越大、受教育程度越低的购彩者认知偏差得分越高；以中大奖为购彩动机的购彩者认知偏差高于奉献爱心者，以娱乐为动机的购彩者认知偏差得分最低。 4． 认知偏差对购彩成瘾倾向的影响作用显著，其中控制幻想和关系错觉对成瘾倾向具有直接影响，而赌徒谬误和乐观预期对成瘾倾向的间接影响通过控制幻想和关系错觉起作用。