半结晶性嵌段共聚物自组装与薄膜微相分离

本论文以半结晶性的PLLA-b-PS为研究对象，主要研究两个方面的问题。首先研究聚合物结晶对嵌段共聚物在稀溶液中的自组装行为的影响。在此基础上，研究薄膜状态下，聚合物结晶与微相分离之间的相互作用。首先，我们系统地研究了PLLA-b- PS在不同溶剂中的自组装结构。通过调节溶剂选择性由中性向弱选择性和选择性改变，PLLA-b-PS分别形成类旋节图案，松散的胶束结构和典型的胶束核壳结构。使用混合溶剂，实现了从结晶性的球形胶束向结晶性的片状胶束的转变。标度理论分析和实验结果表明，溶剂与胶束结晶核心之间的界面能的增加是发生这一转变的主要原因。为了研究薄膜中的微相分离与结晶之间的相互作用，我们比较了三种薄膜条件下的相分离与结晶过程。均匀平坦的PLLA-b-PS薄膜是旋节不稳定的，在几以上时，分子链发生微相分离，形成旋节图案，表面诱导分子链的伸展有序化过程促使PLLA分子链发生折叠结晶，形成非经典的亚稳态凸出结构，相分离层间距增大50％。结晶过程为一级动力学。在薄膜中引入成核剂时，PLLA在几以上即开始结晶，同时实现了PLLA与P3之间的相分离，薄膜的旋节不稳定性得到了松弛。结晶使薄膜收缩，形成大量的裂纹。在PLLA熔点以上时，以裂纹为核，在薄膜中形成大量的孔洞。孔洞的生长为经典的动力学过程。我们利用自组装方法在薄膜中引入半结晶性的开放的纳米棒。在几以上时，PLLA在纳米棒中发生结晶，诱导薄膜中的分子链向纳米棒迁移，从而在薄膜中形成孔洞结构。同时，薄膜中的未结晶分子链被表面和界面诱导取向，这种取向结构利于PLLA结晶，结晶被加速，从而孔洞的生长也被加速。也就是说，结晶与孔洞的生长相互促进。在相分离薄膜中，PLLA的结晶形态与结晶温度有关。To＜TgPS时，结晶被束缚在相结构中，相分离结构不变；TgPs＜Tc＜Tm以及Tc→Tm时，结晶对相结构有一定的破坏，相分离片层结构的层间距增大，薄膜收缩，形成大量的裂纹和缺陷。在180℃时，PLLA形成不稳定的晶体结构；PLLA与PS之间的相分离强度被减弱，在线张力作用下，岛状结构的相对高度大幅度增加；在岛状结构的边缘，线张力驱使部分分子链穿越已有的相结构，形成多层岛状结构。

双结晶性嵌段共聚物的合成及结晶形貌研究

众所周知，嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇一聚L-丙交酯（PEG-LLA）、聚乙二醇一聚ε-己内酯（PEG-PCL）中的两个嵌段都是结晶性的，用它们作为结晶一结晶型嵌段共聚物的代表来研究结晶行为和结晶结构是很有意义的，但由于它们的结晶行为比结晶一非晶型的嵌段共聚物要复杂得多，因而至今相关报道很少。本论文合成了不同分子量的聚乙二醇一聚L-丙交酯两嵌段共聚物并对其结晶行为和形貌进行了详细的表征，具体研究结果如下：（1）DSC结果显示，嵌段共聚物中PLLA晶体和PEG晶体共存，并在升温和降温过程中显示出各自的熔融温度（Tm）和结晶温度（Tc），PEG链段的Tm都低于均聚物PEG的Tm，并且随着PLLA链段分子量的增加而降低。另一方面，均聚物PEGSO00的Tc要高于共聚物中的PEG链段Tc的。此外，嵌段共聚物中PEG链段的Tc都随着PLLA链段长度的增加而降低。（2）结果显示，嵌段共聚物的谱图恰好是两个均聚物PEG和PLLA谱图的叠加。这说明在嵌段共聚物中同时存在两个嵌段PEG链段和PLLA链段的相分 离的结晶微区。（3）在110℃或120℃时，不同分子量的嵌段共聚物PEG-PLLA都可以形成环带结晶形貌。偏光显微镜下的周期性的明暗交替消光与原子力显微镜观察到的表面的周期性的凸凹起伏都是由于PLLA片晶沿着球晶的半径方向作周期性扭曲造成的。（4）AFM观察环带球晶发现，凸起部分（ridge）的PLLA片晶以Edge-on方式堆砌，凹下部分（valley）的PLLA片晶主要是以Flat-on的方式堆砌。可见，AFM图像可以更直观的表现出球晶的结构和形态。好M还观察到了嵌段共聚 物的菱形单晶形貌，并发现在单晶中心伴有明显的螺旋位错结构。（5）在110或120℃时，先结晶的PLLA嵌段的片层为PEG的结晶提供了受限环境。PEG的结晶在微米尺度上虽然不会改变嵌段共聚物单晶的形貌，但会增加了单晶的片层厚度。本论文还合成了不同分子量的聚乙二醇一聚s一己内酷两嵌段共聚物并对其结晶行为和形貌进行了详细的表征，具体研究结果如下：（1）DSC结果显示，在嵌段共聚物中，固定PEG嵌段的长度时，随着PCL嵌段长度的增加，PCL嵌段的结晶温度和融温度变化不大，PEG嵌段的结晶温度和熔融温度变化很大。（2） POM结果显示，在不同的结晶温度下，PEG5000-PCL1000形成的球晶类似PEG均聚物的结晶形貌，PEG5000-PCL9000和PEG5000-PCL26000形成的球晶类似于均聚物PCL的结晶形貌，说明嵌段长度对整个结晶形貌的影响很大。（3）PEG5000-PCL5000显示出一种独特的结晶形貌一同心双球晶结晶形貌。同心双球晶的中心和外部分属于PCL嵌段和PEG嵌段的结晶。在同心双球晶的形成过程中，PEG嵌段从同心双球晶的中心一先结晶的PCL晶体片层开始生长，然后以较快的结晶速率冲破PcL球晶，形成自己独立的结晶微区结构。（4）在25，52℃等温结晶后，PEG5000-PCL5000和PEG5000-PCL9000的好M图片上呈现出一种独特的结晶形貌一纤维状或称羽毛状的结晶形貌，这属于PCL链段的结晶形貌。PEG5000-PCL16000和PEG50OO一PCL260OO由于其较长的PCL嵌段，导致其形貌大体上类似于均聚物PcL8000的树枝状形貌。PEG5000-PCLI000呈现有取向的条带结晶结构，类似于均聚物PEG5000的结晶形貌。（5）在36℃等温结晶后，PEG5000-PCL5000和PEG5000-PCL9000的AFM图片上呈现出的树枝状结构宽厚，肥大，这也许是因为PEG作为溶剂或稀释剂促进了PCL嵌段的结晶，使其晶体尺寸增加。

LLDPE接枝新型表面活性剂共聚物的制备及其结构、性能与应用的基础研究

合成三个系列的新型表面活性剂，制备了三个系列的聚乙烯接枝共聚物。第一系列的表面活性剂是将Tween8O、span80，聚氧乙烯肉桂醇醚，PEO（400），PEO（1000），PEO（2000）OCOC1’7H35和PEO（6000）-OCOC17H35引入双键而使其功能化，然后接枝到聚乙烯分子链上，表面活性剂的引入改变了聚乙烯的表面性能，使其亲水性增加。前三者为商品防雾滴剂，实验发现防雾滴剂的聚乙烯接枝共聚物膜的防雾滴性不如物理共混法制备的聚乙烯防雾滴膜的效果好。接枝聚乙烯共聚物LLDPE-g-PEO和LLDPE-g-PEO-sterate，由于结构差别，共聚物表面组成不同。前者随着支链长度的增加，支链柔性降低，共聚物表面氧的富集量趋于减少；而后者由于疏水基硬脂酸中碳链的存在，随着支链的增加，共聚物表面氧的富集量增加。LLDPE-g-PEO（400）和LLDPE-g-PEO（1000）的等温结晶速率都比空白聚乙烯的快。由于PEO与聚乙烯不相容，支链PEo在接枝共聚物中起异相成核剂的作用，使结晶速率加快。LLDPE-g-PEO（2000）-stearate的等温结晶速率与聚乙烯的接近，但比空白聚乙烯的略慢。这是由于支链末端硬脂酸碳链是柔性的疏水链，且与聚乙烯有较好的相容性，在本体聚乙烯非晶区中活动性较强，带动聚氧乙烯支链向相同的方向运动，使支链在聚乙烯中分散且伸展，对聚乙烯分子起惰性稀释剂的作用而导致结晶速率降低；但聚氧乙烯（2000）又具有结晶性，在本体聚乙烯中起异相成核剂的作用，使聚乙烯结晶速率加快，这两种作用消长的结果，使LLDPE-g-PEO（2000）-stearte接枝共聚物的结晶速率接近聚乙烯，但比聚乙烯的结晶速率略慢。LLDPE-g-PEO（6000）-stearate接枝共聚物的结晶速率比聚乙烯的快，这是由于聚氧乙烯（6000）的结晶性较强，活动性较强的硬脂酸基团很难使其伸展，其晶粒在本体聚乙烯中主要起异相成核剂的作用，导致其结晶速率比聚乙烯的快。为了弄清表面活性剂接枝到大分子链上的作用机理，特设计第二、第三系列的表面活性剂。第二系列的新型表面活性剂是I、II、III、IV和V，以及含有不饱和键的表面活性剂A-I、A-II和A-III。这些表面活性剂是以聚乙二醇、乙二醇、1，6-己二醇和1，10-癸二醇为主要的起始原料制得的。实验结果发现这些表面活性剂的表面张力随着疏水链长度的增加而增加。以A-I、A-II和A-II作为接枝单体，将其成功接枝到聚乙烯分子链上，从而改善了聚乙烯的表面性能。 由FTIR确定了其接枝率。由DSc对其等温结晶行为的研究发现：接枝链在本体聚合物中起异相成核剂的作用，加速了结晶过程，但没有改变聚乙烯晶格结构（WXA）。随着接枝链中的疏水链长度的增加，等温结晶速率加快。在低剪切速率时，空白聚乙烯具有牛顿流体的特性，而接枝聚乙烯表现出非牛顿流体行为。接枝聚合物在低剪切速率具有剪切变稠、高剪切速率时剪切变稀的现象。第三系列的新型表面活性剂是含氟和聚氧乙烯的特种表面活性剂：productIII（600-4600）。以FTIR和1HNMR表征其结构。以productIII（600-4600）为接枝单体，成功制得含氟接枝聚乙烯共聚物，亲水性表面活性剂的引入，同样改变了聚乙烯的表面性能。当PEO分子量较低时，含氟接枝聚乙烯共聚物的表面极性随着接枝链的分子量增加，极性增加，在ProductIII（1500）时，达到最大值，分子量继续增加，极性反而降低。这是由于支链结晶增加而影响分子链的迁移。含氟接枝聚乙烯共聚物的等温结晶速率比空白LLDPE的高，而且接枝共聚物的结晶速率随着支链分子量的增加而加快。这是由于含氟聚氧乙烯的接枝链在结晶体系中起成核剂的作用，使结晶过程加速。由于接枝率低，接枝链在接枝共聚物起异相成核剂的作用，虽然加速了结晶速率，但没有破坏聚乙烯晶格。

苯乙烯－已内酯两嵌段共聚物及共混物的结构研究

本论文采用阴离子逐步加料方法，成功地合成了各种组成法的PS－b－PCL嵌段共聚物。通过对PS－b－PCL嵌段共聚物的微相结构的透射电镜观察发现PS－b－PCL随PCL含量的不同及制样条件的变化，可以形成不同的微相结构。在PS－b－PCL/PCL共混体系中，发现了体系可以形成规则的环状球晶，而且消光环之间的距离随嵌段共聚物含量增加而减小，同时还发现环状球晶中有更细微的结构。

Comparison of aggregation behaviors between branched and linear block polyethers: MesoDyn simulation study

The comparison of aggregation behaviors between the branched block polyether T1107 (polyether A) and linear polyether (EO)(60)(PO)(40)(EO)(60) (polyether B) in aqueous solution are investigated by the MesoDyn simulation. Polyether A forms micelles at lower concentration and has a smaller aggregation number than B. Both the polyethers show the time-dependent micellar growth behaviors. The spherical micelles appear and then change to rod-like micelles with time evolution in the 10 vol% solution of polyether A. The micellar cluster appears and changes to pseudo-spherical micelles with time evolution in the 20 vol% solution of polyether A. However, the spherical micelles appear and change to micellar cluster with time evolution in the 20 vol% polyether B solution. The shear can induce the micellar transition of both block polyethers. When the shear rate is 1x10(5) s(-1), the shear can induce the sphere-to-rod transition of both polyethers at the concentration of 10 and 20 vol%. When the shear rate is lower than 1x10(5) s(-1), the huge micelles and micellar clusters can be formed in the 10 and 20 vol% polyether A systems under the shear, while the huge micelles are formed and then disaggregated with the time evolution in the 20 vol% polyether B system.

溶藻菌群对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效应及其作用机理研究

水华暴发是一个世界性的问题，近年来在发展中国家显得尤其严重。水华暴发给环境和公众健康带来巨大灾难，一些蓝藻产生的毒素可以造成鱼类、鸟禽和家畜的死亡，而臭名昭著的微囊藻产生的微囊藻毒素更是有强烈致癌效应。因此，寻找控制水华藻类的有效方法非常迫切。在利用物理和化学方法处理不甚理想的情况下，利用溶藻细菌控藻成为一个新的研究方向。溶藻细菌一般直接从富营养化水体中分离，杀藻活力对有害蓝藻具有较强的选择性而不危害其它生物，尤其适合在水华发生初期使用，可以在短时间内达到阻止藻类增殖的效果。本研究富集分离到一个高效溶解铜绿微囊藻的溶藻菌群，对其溶藻效应和溶藻机制进行了探索研究。 1溶藻菌群的富集筛选及其溶微囊藻效果 富集筛选得到一个有明显抑藻效果的菌群，它对铜绿微囊藻有显著溶藻效果。与对照组相比，加入富集的溶藻菌后，第4 d开始出现溶藻现象，6~8 d出现明显的溶藻效果，8 d后测得叶绿素去除率在85%以上。 2 溶藻菌群的作用范围及溶藻特性 富集分离到的溶藻菌群对铜绿微囊藻和念珠藻有显著溶藻作用，对水华微囊藻和其它几株受试微囊藻没有明显溶藻效应。该溶藻菌群不仅可以在液体中溶解铜绿微囊藻，生长在固体平板上的藻苔也有一定的溶藻效应，生成溶藻空斑。保证快速溶藻的最大稀释度可以达到1/100, 000。 3 环境因子对菌群溶藻效力的影响 试验发现，不同的pH、温度、和光照条件下，溶藻菌群溶藻效力明显不同，且不同种类的氮源对其溶藻作用也有一定影响。这些条件对该菌群溶藻作用的影响，在相当的程度上可能取决于它们对藻和细菌两者的生长状况的影响综合。 4 溶藻菌群的溶藻作用机理 溶藻菌液过滤除菌和煮沸灭菌处理后溶藻液，未见明显的溶藻效果，只有原液具有很好的溶藻效果。因此可初步确定，蓝藻细胞的溶解可能是由溶藻菌直接接触藻细胞产生的作用效果。显微镜观察发现，细菌在溶藻的过程中频繁地接触藻细胞并侵入藻细胞，破坏进而裂解杀死藻细胞。这也进一步说明了此溶藻菌是通过直接方式杀藻。 5 溶藻菌群的菌群结构解析 分离有溶藻效果的纯菌的多次尝试都没有成功。结合DGGE和16S rDNA文库综合分析发现：Rubritepida菌，假单胞菌和鞘氨醇单胞菌是存在于铜绿微囊藻中的三种伴生细菌。加入富集的溶藻菌群后，菌群结构发生明显的变化，Rubritepida菌、假单胞菌消失，混合菌群则包含未培养黄杆菌，鞘氨醇单胞菌和噬氢菌，其中黄杆菌是优势菌群，并且细菌种群结构的变化与藻细胞消亡之间有显著的相关性。通过菌种的分离鉴定与DGGE和16S rDNA文库的测序结果比较，一些未培养菌可能在溶藻过程中起重要调控作用。 6 溶藻细菌控藻应用基础 (1) 扩大规模的模拟水华实验进一步确定了细菌对微囊藻的强烈溶解作用。 (2) 铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa 905, zc)、微囊藻(Microcystis spp., zd)和溶藻菌群共培养试验表明，zc可以抑制zd生长，而溶藻菌群可以溶zc。 本研究是第一次报道混合菌群的溶藻效应。该溶藻菌群对带有藻际细菌的铜绿微囊藻具有高效的溶藻效力，表明它对自然界中存在的带菌铜绿微囊藻和其它一些蓝藻的生消具有一定的控制作用。对进一步研究菌藻关系与生态学作用，以及对富营养化湖泊和水库水体中蓝藻暴发的防控，该菌群具有一定的应用潜力。 Cyanobacterial blooms break out frequently all over the world, especially in developing countries. Blooms create enormous disasters to public health and to the environment. Some cyanobacterial blooms produce extremely toxic substances that have killed fish, domestic animals and birds. It has been well known that microcystins, a hepatoxin produced by Microcystis, can promote tumors in humans. So it is very important to find an effective method for controlling the growth of the bloom-forming algae. Measures for controlling such kind of algae include physical, chemic and biologic means, but the former two may damage the aquatic environment and require high-energy inputs. The alternative approach for the elimination of nuisance algae involves the application of algicidal bacteria. The algicidal bacteria, which are nontoxic to other organisms and most of which are isolated from the eutrophic lake in situ, may be potential microbial algaecides. In the initial stages of the water blooms, they are able to restrain the biomass or multiplication of the bloom-forming algae in a short time. In order to use algicidal bacteria to suppress blooms of M. aeruginosa, we isolated a bacterial culture capable of lysing the noxious cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa. In this paper we described some properties of the bacterial culture and its growth-inhibiting or algicidal effects on the growth of M. aeruginosa, and investigated its algicidal mechanisms. 1 Enrichment of a microbial culture that lyses Microcystis aeruginosa A mixed bacterial culture was isolated from a hypereutrophic pond and showed significant algicidal activity against the noxious Microcystis aeruginosa. Algae lysis would be seen obviously 4 days later when the algae culture was killed and became yellow contrast to no-addition controls, and chlorophyll a (chl-a) reduction went beyond 85% 8 days later. 2 The host range and some other algicidal feature of the mixed algicidal culture. Microcystis aeruginosa, Nostoc sp., were susceptible to the mixed algicidal culture, while the lytic effects of this mixed culture on Microcystis flos-aquae and some other tested Microcystis were feeble.The algicidal culture can not only lyse M. aeruginosa in liquid media, but aslo lyse M. aeruginosa lawns on soft agar plates and form plaques. The maximun dilution of the mixed culture required for rapid Microcystis lysis is 1/100, 000. 3 Influences of environmental factors such as pH, temperature, illumination, and the nitrogen source on the lytic activity of the mixed bacterial culture on Microcystis aeruginosa. In our investigations, it was shown that the lytic activity of the mixed bacterial culture on Microcystis aeruginosa was straightly correlated with pH, temperature, illumination, as well as the nitrogen source in the medium. The impacts of these environmental factors on the algicidal activity of the mixed bacterial culture, to a certain extent, may depend on both the algal and the bacterial growth rates under the tested environmental conditions. 4 The mechanisms of algal cell lysis by the algicidal bacteria Death was detected when the mixed bacterial culture was added to the algal culture, but not when only the culture filtrate or autoclaved bacterial culture was added. This indicates that the mixed bacterial culture did not release extracellular products inhibitory to Microcystis aeruginosa. In addition, under the microscope, we observed frequent contacts btween bacteria and algae cells, and some bacteria can even penetrate into target algal cells and destroyed them. These results may suggest that the bacterium kill the alga by direct contact. 5 Molecular Characterization of the algicidal bacterial culture Attempts for isolation of pure bacterium or bacteria from the enrichment culture responsible for Microcystis lysis have so far been failed. Based on PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and 16S rDNA clone library analysis, Rubritepida sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Sphingomonas sp., as accompanying bacteria, were existed in M. aeruginosa. The bacterial community in M. aeruginosa showed significant change after adding the enrichment culture, where uncultured Flavorbacterium sp., Sphingomonas sp. and Hydrogenophaga sp. were observed, and the uncultured Flavorbacterium sp. became a dominant species. The obvious correlation can be seen between change of bacterial population and extinction of M. aeruginosa. Compared identification of pure bacterium with sequencing of DGGE bands and the clone distribution of the clone libraries, it was inferred that some uncultured bacteria were probably play an important role in controlling the growth and abundance of M. aeruginosa. This report is the first example of a mixed bacterial culture with the ability to lyse M. aeruginosa. 6 Further study for algae control by applications of algicidal bacteria (1) Algae lysis would be seen obviously 6 days later when the algae culture was killed and became yellow contrast to no-addition controls, and chlorophyll a (chl-a) was reducted to a low level 20 days later in the simulated water bloom experiments. (2) The growth of Microcystis sp. (zd) was restrained by Microcystis aeruginosa 905 (zc) when they were co-cultured together, and zc was lysed by the algicidal bacterial culture. This report is the first example of a mixed bacterial culture with the ability to lyse M. aeruginosa, and its algicidal activity remained high against non-axenic tested M. aeruginosa, suggesting that bacteria in the natural environment could play a role in controlling the growth and abundance of M. aeruginosa and other cyanobacteria. Such bacteria could also potentially be used as agents to prevent the mass development of cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of hybrid organic-inorganic transparent titania thin film activated by in-situ formed lanthanide complexes

Stable transparent titania thin films were fabricated at room temperature by combining thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA)-modified titanium precursors with amphiphilic triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO, P123) copolymers. The obtained transparent titania thin films were systematically investigated by IR spectroscopy, PL emission and excitation spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. IR spectroscopy indicates that TTFA coordinates the titanium center during the process of hydrolysis and condensation. Luminescence spectroscopy confirms the in-situ formation of lanthanide complexes in the transparent titania thin film.

A strategy for synthesis of ion-bonded supramolecular star polymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization

We have developed a novel strategy for the preparation of ion-bonded supramolecular star polymers by RAFT polymerization. An ion-bonded star supramolecule with six functional groups was prepared from a triphenylene derivative containing tertiary amino groups and trithiocarbonate carboxylic acid, and used as the RAFT agent in polymerizations of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) and styrene (St). Molecular weights and structures of the polymers were characterized by H-1 NMR and GPC. The results show that the polymerization possesses the character of living free-radical polymerization and the ion-bonded supramolecular star polymers PSt, PtBA, and PSt-b-PtBA, with six well-defined arms, were successfully synthesized.

Synthesis of novel star-like hyperbranched polymers with poly(amido amine) core and poly(L-lysine) shell

Hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s containing vinyl and hydroxyl groups were successfully synthesized via Michael addition polymerization of triacrylamide (TT) and 3-amino-1,2-propanediol (APD) with equal molar ratio in feed. H-1, C-13 and HSQC NMR techniques were used to clarify the structure of hyperbranched polymers and polymerization mechanism.

Synthesis and micellization of star-like hyperbranched polymer with poly(ethylene oxide) and Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) arms

Novel star-like hyperbranched polymers with amphiphilic arms were synthesized via three steps. Hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s containing secondary amine and hydroxyl groups were successfully synthesized via Michael addition polymerization of triacrylamide (TT) and 3-amino-1,2-propanediol (APD) with feed molar ratio of 1:2. H-1, C-13, and HSQC NMR techniques were used to clarify polymerization mechanism and the structures of the resultant hyperbranched polymers

Two novel triphenylamine-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives: synthesis, photo- and electroluminescent properties

Two novel triphenylamine-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives, P1 and P2, have been successfully synthesized through the Witting-Horner reaction. The structures and properties of the monomers and the resulting polymers were characterized by using H-1 NMR, FT-IR, GPC, TGA, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/aminopropyltriethoxysilane/phosphotungstic acid hybrid membranes with non-covalent bond: Characterization, thermal stability, and proton conductivity

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) hybrid membranes doped with different weight ratio of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) were prepared by the casting procedure, as well as PWA as a catalyst for sol-gel process of KH550. The chemical structures of hybrid membranes were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of hybrid membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results had proved the uniform and homogeneous distribution of KH550 and PWA in these hybrid membranes.

Biodegradable Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(alpha,L-glutamic acid) and Chitosan

We synthesized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(alpha,L-glutamic acid) (mPEGGA) diblock copolymer by ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxy anhydride of gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate (NCA) using amino-terminated methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) as macroinitiator. Polyelectrolyte complexation between mPEGGA as neutral-block-polyanion and chitosan (CS) as polycation has been scrutinized in aqueous solution as well as in the solid state.

Self-Assembly of Rod-Terminally Tethered Three-Armed Star-Shaped Coil Block Copolymer: Investigation of the Presence of the Branching in the Coil to the Self-Assembled Behavior

Self-assembled behavior of rod-terminally tethered three-armed star-shaped coil block copolymer melts was studied by applying self-consistent-field lattice techniques in three-dimensional (3D) space. Similar to rod-coil diblock copolymers, five morphologies were observed, i.e., lamellar, perforated lamellar, gyroidlike, cylindrical and sphericallike structures, while the distribution of the morphologies in the phase diagram was dramatically changed with respect to that Of rod-coil diblock copolymers.

Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Compatibilized Poly(butylene terephthalate) Blends: Effect of Functional Groups and Dynamic Curing

Two sets of graft copolymers were prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or ally] (3-isocyanate-4-tolyl) carbamate (TAI) onto ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer (EPDM) in an internal mixer. These graft copolymers were used as the compatibilizer to prepare the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) containing 50 wt%, of poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, 30 wt% of compatibilizer, and 20 wt% of nitrile-butadiene rubber, NBR. The indirect, two-step mixer process was chosen for dynamic curing.