Effect of grain size on slow fatigue crack propagation and plastic deformation near crack tip

Fatigue crack growth and its threshold are investigated at a stress ratio of 0.5 for the three-point bend specimen made of Austenitic stainless steel. The effect of grain size on the crack tip plastic deformation is investigated. The results show that the threshold value Δkth increases linearly with the square root of grain size d and the growth rate is slower for materials with larger grain size. The plastic zone size and ratio for different grain sizes are different at the threshold. The maximum stress intensity factor is kmax and σys is the yield strength. At the same time, the characteristics of the plastic deformation development is discontinuous and anti-symmetric as the growth rate is increased from 2·10—8 to 10−7 mm/cycle.

Application of the strain energy density criterion to ductile fracture

The strain energy density criterion due to Sih is used to predict fracture loads of two thin plates subjected to large elastic-plastic deformation. The prediction is achieved with a finite element analysis which is based on Hill's variational principle for incremental deformations capable of solving gross yielding problems involving arbitrary amounts of deformation. The computed results are in excellent agreement with those obtained in Sih's earlier analysis and with an experimental observation.

The influence of microcrack density on the elastic and fracture mechanical properties of stripa granite

Microcracks can have a strong influence on the elastic and fracture mechanical properties of rocks if they are numerous, or if they are orientated in unfavourable directions in anisotropic rocks in particular. This paper presents results from a great number of mechanical tests on Stripa granite containing various amounts of microcracks. Variations in the microcrack density were obtained by shock-heating the rock at different temperatures in the range 100–600°C for 3 h.

Thermo-plastic instability in simple shear

A theoretical description of thermo-plastic instability in simple shear is presented in a system of equations describing plastic deformation, the first law of thermodynamics and Fourier's heat transfer rule. Both mechanical and thermodynamical parameters influence instability and it is shown that two different modes of instability may exist. One of them is dominated by thermal softening and has a characteristic time and length, connected to each other by thermal diffusion.A criterion combining thermal softening, current stress, density, specific heat, work-hardening, thermal conductivity and current strain rate is obtained and practical implications are discussed.

含旋转椭球形夹杂复合材料的弹塑性本构关系

在体胞模型的基础之上应用解析方法分析了颗粒或短纤维增强复合材料的本构行为，结合数值计算给出了表征材料本构关系的解析表达式，提出了一种新的正交椭球坐标变换以简化推导过程，在计算中，将真实位移场分为两部分：基本场的扰动场，然后通过摄动方法将原来的非线性问题转化为一组线性方程组的求解，计算了当基体材料和夹杂的特征参数取不同值时的应力应变曲线，并与已有的实验和分析结果进行了比较，符合得较好，通过对数值计算结果的拟合，提出了一个颗粒或短纤维增强复合材料的弹塑性本构关系的解析表达式。

基于CE/SE方法的二维Euler型多物质流体弹塑性问题计算

将CE/SE方法推广到二维固体流体弹塑性问题的数值计算,同时结合杂交粒子水平集方法追踪物质界面和合适的边界条件,提出一套完整的二维Euler型流体弹塑性计算方案.通过长钨杆侵彻装甲钢实验的数值模拟,对方法的精度和有效性进行验证.

模拟弹塑性碰撞的修正SPH方法

从基本的无网格光滑粒子法SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)近似出发,修正了模拟固体力学中大变形弹塑性碰撞的SPH方法.在边界处采用修正的边界条件,弹塑性分析过程中采用增量理论计算应力,迭代过程中用守恒光滑法进行滤波修正消除拉力不稳定.对SPH方法进行了程序实现,给出了杆弹塑性碰撞的算例.计算分析表明,SPH方法节点的影响域较大、精度较相同节点间距有限元法的结果有一定差距,但是通过增加粒子数量可以提高SPH的精度,保持了其简单性和计算大变形的特性.

弹塑性海床上的管土相互作用分析

海底管线的在位稳定性问题足海底管线设计中的关键问题之一，为对海底管线的设计提供理论依据，采用大型通用有限元软件ABAQus对管土系统进行分析。士体的本构模型采用动态的Ramberg-Osgood弹塑性模型，通过改变管道的水下重、环境载荷等参数进行计算。计算结果表明，由于土体侧向隆起而形成的楔形与试验结果相比吻合，管道的水下重、环境载荷对管道的稳定性都有一定程度的影响，并得到了管道侧向失稳的判别准则。

Methods of Obtaining Instantaneous Modulus of Viscoelastic Solids Using Displacement-Controlled Instrumented Indentation with Axisymmetric Indenters of Arbitrary Smooth Profiles

We derive a relationship between the initial unloading slope, contact depth, and the instantaneous relaxation modulus for displacement-controlled indentation in linear viscoelastic solids by a rigid indenter with an arbitrary axisymmetric smooth profile. While the same expression is well known for indentation in elastic and in elastic-plastic solids, we show that it is also true for indentation in linear viscoelastic solids, provided that the unloading rate is sufficiently fast. When the unloading rate is slow, a "hold" period between loading and unloading can be used to provide a correction term for the initial unloading slope equation. Finite element calculations are used to illustrate the methods of fast unloading and "hold-at-the-maximum-indenter-displacement" for determining the instantaneous modulus using spherical indenters.

Serrated Plastic Flow During Nanoindentation in Nd-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

The microstructure of Nd_{60}Al_{10}Ni_{10}Cu_{20-x}Fex (x = 0, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20) alloys can change from homogeneous phase to a composite structure consisting of amorphous phase plus clusters or nanocrystals by adjusting the Fe content. The effect of microstructure on the plastic deformation behavior in this alloy system is studied by using nanoindentation. The alloys with homogeneous amorphous structure exhibit pronounced flow serrations during the loading process of nanoindentation. The addition of Fe changes the plastic deformation behavior remarkablely. No flow serration is observed in the alloys with high Fe content for the indentation depth of 500 nm. The mechanism for the change of plastic serrated flow behavior is discussed.

Relationships between Initial Unloading Slope, Contact Depth, and Mechanical Properties for Spherical Indentation in Linear Viscoelastic Solids

Using analytical and finite element modeling, we examine the relationships between initial unloading slope, contact depth, and mechanical properties for spherical indentation in viscoelastic solids with either displacement or load as the independent variable. We then investigate whether the Oliver-Pharr method for determining the contact depth and contact radius, originally proposed for indentation in elastic and elastic-plastic solids, is applicable to spherical indentation in viscoelastic solids. Finally, the analytical and numerical results are used to answer questions raised in recent literature about measuring viscoelastic properties from instrumented spherical indentation experiments.

On mechanical properties of metallic glass and its liquid vitrification characteristics

A systematic survey of the available data such as elastic constants, density, molar mass, and glass transition temperature of 45 metallic glasses is conducted. It is found that a critical strain controlling the onset of plastic deformation is material-independent. However, the correlation between elastic constants of solid glass and vitrification characteristics of its liquid does not follow a simple linear relation, and a characteristic volume, viz. molar volume, maybe relating to the characteristic size of a shear transformation zone (STZ), should be involved.

Dislocations and twins in nanocrystalline Ni after severe plastic deformation: the effects of grain size

Deformation microstructures have been investigated in nanocrystalline (nc) Ni with grain sizes in the 50-100 nm range. It was found that deformation twinning started to occur in grains of similar to 90 nm, and its propensity increased with decreasing grain size. In most of the nc grains dislocations were observed as well, in the form of individual dislocations and dipoles. It is concluded that dislocation-mediated plasticity dominates for grain sizes in the upper half, i.e. 50-100 nm, of the nanocrystalline regime. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Elastic and statistically brittle (ESB) model, damage localization and catastrophic rupture

In this paper, an elastic and statistically brittle (ESB) model is applied to the process of damage evolution induced catastrophic rupture and the influence of localization and softening on catastrophic rupture is discussed. According to the analysis, the uncertainty of catastrophic rupture should be attributed to the unknown scale of localized zone. Based on the elastic and statistically brittle model but local mean field approximation, the relation between the scale of localized zone and catastrophic rupture is obtained and then justified with experiments. These results can not only give a deeper understanding of the mechanism governing catastrophic rupture, but also provide a possible tool to foresee the occurrence of catastrophic rupture.