STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS OF MOLTEN CACL2-KCL SYSTEM BY X-RAY-DIFFRACTION

Radial distribution function of CaCl2-KCl (1:2 mol) melt was measured by X-ray scattering of high temperature liquid. The nearest neighbour distances of Ca2+-Cl-, K+-Cl- and Cl--Cl- ionic pairs are 0.278, 0.306 and 0.380 nm, respectively, Discussion on the relation between structure and physicochemical properties in the melt was simply done in this paper.

FACTOR-ANALYSIS APPLIED TO X-RAY-DIFFRACTION DIAGRAMS OF POLYMER BLENDS

The feasibility of applying the method of factor analysis to X-ray diffraction diagrams of binary blends of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (PP/EPDM) was examined. The result of mathematical treatment was satisfactory. The number of scattering species and their concentrations in six kinds of PP/EPDM blends were determined. The separation of the spectral peaks of each species in the blends, contributing spectral intensities, was carried out.

CRYSTALLINITY OF UNIFORM OLIGO(OXYETHYLENE) MONO-N-ALKYL ETHERS STUDIED BY X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AND DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY

The crystallinity of two series of uniform oligo(oxyethylene) mono-n-alkyl ethers has been investigated: alpha-alkyl,omega-hydroxyoligo(oxyethylene)s, H(CH2)n(OCH2CH2)mOH, and alpha-alkyl,omega-methoxyoligo(oxyethylene)s, H(CH2)n(OCH2CH2)mOCH3. The hydroxy-ended oligomers formed bilayer crystals, and the methoxy-ended oligomers formed monolayer crystals. The helical oxyethylene blocks were oriented normal to the layer-crystal end-group plane, whilst the trans-planar alkyl blocks were generally tilted at an angle delta = 60-degrees. The melting temperature and enthalpy of fusion were higher for hydroxy-ended oligomers than for corresponding methoxy-ended oligomers.

Bioenergetic responses of sub-adult sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) to temperature with special discussion regarding its southernmost distribution limit in China

1. This paper investigated the bioenergetic responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (wet weights of 36.5 +/- 1.2 g) to different water temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C) in the laboratory. 2. Results showed that theoretically the optimal temperatures for energy intake and scope for growth (SFG) of sub-adult A. japonicus was at 15.6 and 16.0 degrees C, respectively. The aestivation threshold temperature for this life-stage sea cucumber could be 29.0 degrees C by taking feeding cessation as the indication of aestivation. 3. Our data suggests that A. japonicus is thermo-sensitive to higher temperature, which prevents it from colonising sub-tropical coastal zones. Therefore, water temperature plays an important role in its southernmost distribution limit in China. 4. The potential impact of global ocean warming on A. japonicus might be a northward shift in the geographical distribution. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.

In situ high temperature X-ray diffraction studies of mixed ionic and electronic conducting perovskite-type membranes

Phase structure and stability of three typical mixed ionic and electronic conducting perovskite-type membranes, SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (SCF), Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) and BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-delta (BCFZ) were studied by in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction at temperatures from 303 to 1273 K and under different atmospheres (air, 2% O-2 in Ar and pure Ar) at 1173 K. By analyzing their lattice parameters the thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of BSCF, SCF and BCZF are obtained to be 11.5 x 10(-6) K-1, 17.9 x 10(-6) K-1 and 10.3 x 10(-6) K-1, respectively. A relationship between phase stability and TEC was proposed: the higher is the TEC, the lower is the operation stability of the perovskite materials. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.